Michaela Dvořáková ABSTRACT The primary aim of the Diploma Thesis is to introduce an interest association called euroregion, which is a relatively new form of cross-border cooperation. The core part of the paper is dedicated to Euroregion Neisse-Nisa-Nysa. This association is studied from different perspectives, which embrace its foundation, development, legal definition, organization structure, financing, institutional interests, purpose and mainly the issue of Small Project Fund. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the analysis of amount of finances, cooperating subjects and the number of realized projects in individual subsidy programmes, in which the Small Project Fund participated. The preference of Czech municipalities on small projects is supported with an analysis and closing questionnaire survey.

Depuis 2002, la lutte contre l'insécurité routière est devenue une priorité nationale. Cette dernière s'est traduite par une politique répressive dite de « tolérance zéro » à l'égard des contrevenants et délinquants au Code de la route. Cette répression, à la fois administrative et pénale peut cependant se heurter à certaines difficultés lorsque l'infraction revêt un caractère d'extranéité, car commise par un conducteur titulaire d'un permis de conduire délivré par une autorité étrangère ou à l'aide d'un véhicule immatriculé à l'étranger. L'absence ou quasi-absence de répression de ces infractions, outre ses conséquences sur l'insécurité routière, est source d'un profond sentiment d'inégalité tout particulièrement dans les zones transfrontières et nécessite donc de nouvelles réponses. Sur le plan administratif, ces nouvelles réponses résident entre autres dans l'extension de la portée transfrontalière d'une mesure administrative mais également par le développement d'un permis de conduire à points propre à l'Union Européenne. Sur le plan pénal, ces nouvelles réponses passent par une coopération renforcée entre les États afin de pouvoir identifier les propriétaires de véhicules dans les cas où le véhicule n'est pas intercepté par les forces de l'ordre. L'instauration de systèmes automatisés de contrôle de la circulation routière nécessite de la part des États et de l'Union européenne un développement de l'échange transfrontalier d'informations. / Fighting to achieve road safety has been a top national priority since 2002. It has led to the so-called « zero-tolerance » policy with highway code delinquents and traffic offenders. This repression which is both administrative and penal may however prove problematic should the offence bear an extraneous aspect, when it is committed by a driver with a foreign driving licence or when the vehicle was registered abroad. That such offences never or quasi-never be punished besides the consequences on road safety, gives rise to a deep feeling of inequality particularly in cross-border areas and therefore calls for new answers. Administratively speaking, the new answers lie, among other things, in a widening of the cross-border range of administrative measures, but also in developing a driving licence with a penalty point system specific to the EU. Penally speaking such new answers suppose a closer cooperation among states so as to be able to identify vehicle owners should the vehicle fail to be intercepted by the police. Introducing automated control systems of road traffic requires that states and the EU increase cross-border information exchange.

Regioner blir allt vanligare arbetsområden, något som EU uppmuntrar genom att avskaffa gränshinder och finansiera regionala projekt via strukturfonderna. Det har dock gjorts få studier kring gränsöverskridande samarbeten gällande turism. Denna studie vill belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar framgången hos ett sådant samarbete genom att studera Sundsvall, Östersund och Trondheim, vilka tillsammans bildar den så kallade SÖT-regionen. Syftet är att ta reda på om det finns förutsättningar för ett turistiskt samarbete mellan Sundsvall, Östersund och Trondheim. För att ta reda på detta studeras hinder respektive möjligheter för ett gränsöverskridande turistiskt samarbete. Studien undersöker även huruvida ett samarbete skulle vara motiverat, och i så fall vilket typ, samt om det finns förutsättningarna för SÖT-regionen att skapa en funktionell region för turismen. För att besvara frågeställningarna har personliga intervjuer genomförts med yrkesverksamma inom turismnäringen i regionen. Informanterna arbetar alla med att utveckla turismnäringen på antingen kommunal eller regional nivå. De teoretiska utgångspunkter denna studie utgår från berör region- och destinationsbegreppet, turism som fenomen och tillväxtskapare, regionernas nya roll, transporter och kommunikationer, konkurrenskraft och platsmarknadsföring, relationen mellan turism och internationella gränser, samt turistiska samarbeten över nationsgränser. En egen modell har konstruerats för att sammanställa de hinder gällande gränsöverskridande turistiska samarbeten som framkommer i den teoretiska referensramen. Modellen anpassas sedan till förhållandena i SÖT-regionen. I den avslutande diskussionen framkommer därmed att hindren för ett turistiskt samarbete mellan Sundsvall, Östersund och Trondheim är fler än möjligheterna. Hindren bygger dock till stor del på svårigheter gällande ett samarbete mellan de lokala turismföretagen i regionen, samt på svårigheter gällande gemensam marknadsföring. Däremot finns inga större hinder för ett samarbete mellan de offentliga aktörerna i kommunerna. Slutsatsen som dras är att ett offentligt samarbete, genom erfarenhetsutbyten och försäljning av gemensamt paketerade turismprodukter, är motiverat. Vidare är möjligheterna att skapa en funktionell region för turismen begränsade. / Regions are becoming more important as areas of power, something that the EU encourages by eliminating border barriers and by financing regional projects through the Structural Funds. However, there have been few studies of cross-border cooperation regarding tourism. This study wants to shed light on the factors that influence the success of such cooperation by studying Sundsvall, Östersund and Trondheim, which together form the so-called SÖT-region. The purpose of the study is to find out whether Sundsvall, Östersund and Trondheim have the prerequisites to form a touristic cooperation. The obstacles and opportunities for cross-border cooperation in the SÖT-region are studied, as well as whether a partnership could be justified, and if so, what kind. Finally, the prerequisites for the SÖT-region to create a functional region for tourism are investigated. To answer the questions personal interviews have been conducted with professionals working in the tourism industry within the region. The informants are all involved in developing the tourism industry on either a municipal or a regional level. The theoretical framework of this study concerns the regional and destination concept, tourism as a phenomenon and growth creator, the regions’ new role, transport and communications, competitiveness and site promotion, the relationship between tourism and international borders, and tourism partnerships across international boundaries. To summarize the obstacles regarding cross-border cooperation in tourism that occurs in the theoretical framework, a model has been created. The model is then adapted to fit the conditions in the SÖT-region. The conclusion then shows that the barriers for a touristic cooperation between Sundsvall, Östersund and Trondheim are more than the possibilities. The obstacles, however, are based largely on the difficulties regarding cooperation between local tourism businesses in the region, as well as difficulties regarding joint marketing. However, there are no major obstacles to cooperation between public actors. The conclusion is that public cooperation regarding exchanging experiences and sales of common packaged tourism products is justified. Furthermore, it appears that the ability to create a functional region for tourism is limited.

Gegenstand der Arbeit stellten die deutsch-polnischen und deutsch-tschechischen Euroregionen dar. Sie wurden als ein offenes System betrachtet, das sich aus den in Wechselwirkung stehenden Elementen zusammensetzt: Raum, Grenze, Netzwerk und Umfeld. Diese ganzheitliche, intertemporale Betrachtung der Euroregionen ermöglichte es, dieses komplexe Phänomen besser zur verstehen, Erkenntnisse zur Bedeutung, zum Typus und zu Perspektiven der deutsch-polnischen und deutsch-tschechischen Euroregionen zu gewinnen sowie die gestellten Hypothesen zu überprüfen und zu verifizieren. Die Untersuchungen zur Rolle der deutsch-polnischen und deutsch-tschechischen Euroregionen bezogen sich insbesondere auf die Ermittlung der Bedeutung euroregionaler Netzwerke für die Grenzräume, bei gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung der Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Elementen des euroregionalen Systems. Hierzu wurde eine Bilanzierung und Evaluierung der bisherigen Arbeit euroregionaler Netzwerke durchgeführt und die Wechselwirkungen analysiert. Im Rahmen der typologischen Untersuchungen wurde nachgewiesen, dass die deutsch-polnischen und deutsch-tschechischen Euroregionen, trotz bestimmter Abweichungen, einen einheitlichen Typus verkörpern. Des Weiteren hat sich herausgestellt, dass die deutsch-polnischen und deutsch-tschechischen Euroregionen sich hinsichtlich der institutionellen, netzwerkrelevanten Aspekte in einer der Entwicklungsphasen westeuropäischer Euregios befinden. Nicht zutreffend ist jedoch diese Aussage in Bezug auf die räumlichen Aspekte. In Anlehnung an die Untersuchungsergebnisse zum evolutionären Charakter der euroregionalen Netzwerke und die bevorstehenden Veränderungen wurden auch die Perspektiven der deutsch-polnischen und deutsch-tschechischen Euroregionen aufgezeigt und anschließend Vorschläge zur Weiterentwicklung und Effizienzsteigerung der euroregionalen Netzwerke erarbeitet. / Theme of the work represented the German-Polish and German-Czech euroregions. They were regarded as an open system, that consists of the in an interaction standing elements: space, border, network and surroudings. All these elements are interdependent. This holistic and inter temporal consideration of the euroregion allowed a better understanding of this complex phenomenon. Besides this, knoweledge concerning importance, type and perspectives of the German-Polish and German-Czech euroregions was acquired and the thesis could be checked and verified. The research of the role of the German-Polish and German-Czech euroregions refered to the verification of importance of the euroregional networks for borderline. The interaction was regarded at the same time with other elements of euroregional system. There was conducted balancing and evaluation of actual euroregional network’s work and analysed the interaction. Following the results of basic analyses was done a typological consideration of those euroregions. It was showed due to exsiting differences and the specific charasteristics the German-Polisch and German-Czech euroregions are of a seperate type.The hypothesis claiming that the German-Polish and German-Czech euroregions represent a development’s phase of the Western European Euregios is only acceptable in the view of the institutional aspects. In the scope of this analysis it was shown that German-Polish and German-Czech. The research’s results of evolutional character of the euroregional networks and forthcoming changes were unlocked the perspectives of the German-Polish and German-Czech euroregions. The proposals for further progress and effective elevation of euroregional network were processed.

Anfangs war die Nervosität groß. Aber schon nach den ersten Begrüßungsworten war klar, hier kommen Fachkollegen zusammen, die nur die sprachliche Barriere trennt, nicht die fachlichen Kompetenzen. Bald schwirrten Begriffe wie Informationskompetenz, Credit Points, Open Access, E-Learning, EBSCO, PRIMO, Aleph... durch den Raum. Was hier beschrieben wird, sind Erinnerungen an den ersten Workshop, der zwischen BibliothekarInnen der Universitätsbibliotheken Chemnitz, Plzen und Ústí nad Labem im Oktober 2009 in Chemnitz stattfand. Dieser Workshop hat eine lange Vorgeschichte.

The thesis deals with cross-border cooperation and the influence of socio-economic development of this cooperation. The aim of the thesis is to assess the socio-economic development situation, determining the causes of decline and its persistence in the border regions. The work is divided into two main parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with regional policy, cross-border cooperation and cross-border cooperation tools. The practical part deals with socio-economic and SWOT analysis of the South Region.

The Diploma is focused on the EU's external borders impact on the border area of Lviv. Both local and regional level of social and economic development of the border area and its relations with Poland and EU are examined in the context of political development from the beginning of independent Ukraine until presents. Mixed-Methods approach has been applied as it allows case studies to be set in a wider context. Structural and regional disparities of the development are observed by methods of quantitative analysis and Descriptive Statistics. Qualitative Research is applied to analyse a cognitive role of the border. From the political point of view, the development of Eastern European border area is controlled by European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) and related EU regional political initiative. In the Western Ukrainian regions these are mainly represented by micro-projects focused on local problems and their solutions and intensification of the local cross-border cooperation development. Statistical analysis states that remarkable economic development has not reached the required level yet. However, the increasing social and infrastructural potential ushers in its rise in the future. Key words: Ukraine, border area of Lviv, border impact, cross-border cooperation, European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)

The thesis is focused on tourism development in Klenčí pod Čerchovem and its surroundings in the south part of the Bohemian Forest. The main objective of this thesis has been to develop the project proposal, which could help solve the problems of tourism development. The situational analysis of tourism development in the area, setting marketing goals, selection of marketing strategies and creating a tourism development plan were important for the elaboration of the project proposal. The main goal of the thesis has been accomplished by the creation of the cycling nature trail ``What is hidden around the Starý Herštejn{\crqq} that is aimed at attracting attention to extinct villages, defunct glassworks, to the ruins of Starý Herštejn, to the monastery and attractions of Pivoň and other historical monuments hidden in the pure nature of the Bohemian Forest. Thanks to the cycling nature trail, visitors would learn more about historical development of human settlements and other attractions in the border area.

The diploma thesis deals with tandem method in teaching Czech as a foreign language. It is a language learning in pairs or in a small group of students with different mother languages. The thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and empirical. In the theoretical part social, didactic and lingvodidactic ways out of tandem method are described and we also specified the method. The summary of examples of the successful application of the method abroad and in the Czech Republic points to other possibilities of its utilization in our country. We organized lessons with using tandem method to do research. A questionnaire survey was used to obtain data. Basic benefits and limits of the method were found based on the data collection. For those interested in the method we form lingvodidactic recommendation for application of the method in teaching. We also propose the specific practical areas in which the method can be used. Keywords Czech as foreign language, teaching method, tandem learning, group work, cross-border cooperation.

The primary aim of this paper is to compare the issues of financial security of individual projects implemented under cross-border cooperation between the Czech Republic and the Free State of Saxony. The theoretical part is devoted to the characteristics of individual species of European cross-border cooperation, its history and individual Euroregions. The paper is focused on cross-border cooperation of the Czech Republic, historical development, characteristics of Euroregion and specifications of cross-border cooperation programs. The part of the theoretical part is devoted to issue of financial security projects in terms of the contracting authoritys legal personality. The application part of the thesis is responsible for several tested hypotheses. Basic research method represents a survey. The group of respondents is represented by participants selected cross-border cooperation. The survey includes subjective opinion of each participant to achieve a comprehensive insight into the studied problematic. Work brings valuable insight from the perspective of direct participants. It works with personal experience and thus offers a unique analysis of the factors that may affect the efficiency of cross-border cooperation significantly. The analysis shows that civic associations are increasingly faced with the complications of financial security and they are exposed to a higher financial costs in comparison with regions and villages. The policy of cross boarder cooperation is positively evaluated by participants. The survey also shows that despite negative personal experience with exchange differences the participants do not save themselves by any insurance.