Les technologies du numérique modifient profondément la manière dont les sociétés appréhendent et se représentent leur espace. La cartographie n’est pas à l’écart de ces changements et les cartes sont de plus en plus nombreuses et sont utilisées sous de nouvelles formes. C’est en particulier le cas de la consultation d’itinéraires uniques, rendue plus aisée par les évolutions techniques et technologiques. L’usage de ces itinéraires est aujourd’hui l’une des principales fonctionnalités des cartes numériques, dont un grand nombre sont issues de sociétés implantées aux États-Unis.Comment appréhender, dans le cadre d’une analyse diachronique et comparatiste, le rôle des cartes d’itinéraire dans la cartographie numérique? S’agit-il d’une nouveauté ou de la réactualisation d’une forme cartographique plus ancienne ? Quelle place tient ce type de représentations dans une perspective croisée?La thèse propose de répondre à ces questions par une analyse large à trois entrées : cartobibliographique, sémiologique et processuelle, en se basant sur des corpus de cartes issus de la Bibliothèque nationale de France et de laNewberry Library. Les principaux résultats de ce travail apportent un éclairage sur les changements en cours avec le passage d’une cartographie majoritairement papier à une cartographie majoritairement écran. Ils invitent finalement à penser ces changements à travers une redéfinition du statut de la carte à l’ère numérique. / Digital technologies deeply change the way in which societies grasp their environment and represent space Cartography is not exempt from these changes, maps are more widespread than ever and are being used for new purposes. Among them, the use of route specific maps, made easier by technical and technological developments. Many online maps are used for itineraries, and most of them come from United States-based corporations.These observations raise the questions of how to understand this specific use of maps when put in a chronological and comparative perspective ? Is this an innovation or rather an actualization of a previous type of mapping practice ? What is the status of these itineraries when studied in a multifaceted perspective ?This research addresses these questions using three main approches : cartobibliographical, semiological and processual, and relying on extensive map collections from the Bibliothèque nationale de France and the Newberry Library. The main results bring new insights on the changes taking place with the transition from a primarily paper cartography to a primarily on-screen cartography and call for a redefinition of the status of maps in the digital era.

<p>This study develops a model for understanding spatial change and the construction of space as a meeting-place, and then employs it in order to show an otherwise little-known picture of (sub-)urban Russia and its transformation from Soviet times to today. The model is based on time-geographic ideas of time-space as a limited resource in which forces of various kinds struggle for access and form space in interaction with each other. Drawing on cultural semiotics and the concepts of lifeworld and system, the study highlights the social side of these space-forming forces. Based on a long-term fieldwork (participant observation) in Ligovo/Uritsk, a high-rise residential district developed around 1970 and situated on the outskirts of Sankt-Peterburg (St Petersburg), the empirical material concerns processes of urban identity, spatial representations and local politics. The study explicates three codes used to form the image of the city that all relate to its pre-Revolutionary history, two textual strategies of juxtaposition in creating the genius loci of a place, and a discussion of what I call Soviet "stiff landscape" in relation to Soviet mental and ordinary maps of the urban landscape. Moreover, the study shows that the newly implemented self-governing municipalities have not realised their potential as political actors in forming local space, which raises questions on the democratisation of urban space. Finally, the study argues that the model that guides the research is a tool that facilitates the application of the world-view of time-geography and the epistemology of the landscape of courses in concrete research. The study ends with an attempt to generalise spatial change in four types.</p>

This study develops a model for understanding spatial change and the construction of space as a meeting-place, and then employs it in order to show an otherwise little-known picture of (sub-)urban Russia and its transformation from Soviet times to today. The model is based on time-geographic ideas of time-space as a limited resource in which forces of various kinds struggle for access and form space in interaction with each other. Drawing on cultural semiotics and the concepts of lifeworld and system, the study highlights the social side of these space-forming forces. Based on a long-term fieldwork (participant observation) in Ligovo/Uritsk, a high-rise residential district developed around 1970 and situated on the outskirts of Sankt-Peterburg (St Petersburg), the empirical material concerns processes of urban identity, spatial representations and local politics. The study explicates three codes used to form the image of the city that all relate to its pre-Revolutionary history, two textual strategies of juxtaposition in creating the genius loci of a place, and a discussion of what I call Soviet "stiff landscape" in relation to Soviet mental and ordinary maps of the urban landscape. Moreover, the study shows that the newly implemented self-governing municipalities have not realised their potential as political actors in forming local space, which raises questions on the democratisation of urban space. Finally, the study argues that the model that guides the research is a tool that facilitates the application of the world-view of time-geography and the epistemology of the landscape of courses in concrete research. The study ends with an attempt to generalise spatial change in four types.

This thesis is concerned with placing public art within the broader modernist spatialisation of social relations. The research takes place around two related enquiries. The first emerges from questions raised by the art critic Rosalyn Deutsche with regard to the proposition that public art functions as both a profession and technology that attempts to pattern space so that docile and useful bodies are created by and deployed within it. Following such questions, this thesis seeks to scrutinise the ways in which discourses on public art might operate in enabling, maintaining or disrupting everyday practices and socio-spatial relations. Secondly, as a foray into methodologies of public art research, the thesis considers Foucauldian governmentality approaches in terms of what these might have to offer an investigation of public art. The thesis undertakes the analysis of a wide range of texts connected with three South Australian urban developments for which public art was separately proposed, designed, selected and installed. Attention is given principally to the Rundle Street Mall, a pedestrianised shopping street in the city-centre of Adelaide, examined at several moments throughout the period of its development (1972-1977) and later refurbishment (1996-2001). Also discussed are the Adelaide Festival Centre Plaza (1973-1977) and the Gateway to Adelaide (1996-2000), the latter project involving the reconstruction of a major traffic intersection on the outskirts of metropolitan Adelaide. Through these examples the thesis documents key debates in the history of Australian discourses concerning public art. In addition, this study brings attention to the relations between artwork and a proliferation of individuals, agencies, and other interests, highlighting the competitions over space, authority and expertise, and the often unexamined role that public art plays in maintaining or unsettling socio-spatial relations. Knowledge about public art, it is argued, is produced, transformed and deployed across a range of discursive sites (contemporary art, urban design, planning, transport and others) and becomes tied to specific problems of governing. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2008

This thesis is concerned with placing public art within the broader modernist spatialisation of social relations. The research takes place around two related enquiries. The first emerges from questions raised by the art critic Rosalyn Deutsche with regard to the proposition that public art functions as both a profession and technology that attempts to pattern space so that docile and useful bodies are created by and deployed within it. Following such questions, this thesis seeks to scrutinise the ways in which discourses on public art might operate in enabling, maintaining or disrupting everyday practices and socio-spatial relations. Secondly, as a foray into methodologies of public art research, the thesis considers Foucauldian governmentality approaches in terms of what these might have to offer an investigation of public art. The thesis undertakes the analysis of a wide range of texts connected with three South Australian urban developments for which public art was separately proposed, designed, selected and installed. Attention is given principally to the Rundle Street Mall, a pedestrianised shopping street in the city-centre of Adelaide, examined at several moments throughout the period of its development (1972-1977) and later refurbishment (1996-2001). Also discussed are the Adelaide Festival Centre Plaza (1973-1977) and the Gateway to Adelaide (1996-2000), the latter project involving the reconstruction of a major traffic intersection on the outskirts of metropolitan Adelaide. Through these examples the thesis documents key debates in the history of Australian discourses concerning public art. In addition, this study brings attention to the relations between artwork and a proliferation of individuals, agencies, and other interests, highlighting the competitions over space, authority and expertise, and the often unexamined role that public art plays in maintaining or unsettling socio-spatial relations. Knowledge about public art, it is argued, is produced, transformed and deployed across a range of discursive sites (contemporary art, urban design, planning, transport and others) and becomes tied to specific problems of governing. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2008

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Full text release at OhioLINK's ETD Center delayed at author's request

Visual records of place remain to a large degree inadequate when attempting to make visible the ephemeral states of consciousness that underlie the damage wrought by brutal regimes, let alone make visible the extraordinary histories and power structures encoded in images and views. This practice-led dissertation examines an emerging critical landscape genre in post-apartheid South Africa and Namibia, and its relationship to specific themes such as identity, belonging, trauma and memory. The landscape genre was traditionally considered inadequate to use in expressions of resistance under apartheid, particularly in the socially conscious and reformist discourse of South African documentary photography. I argue that, as a result of historical and cultural shifts after the demise of apartheid in 1994, a shift in aesthetic and subject matter has occurred, one that has led to a more rigorous and interventionist engagement with the landscape genre. I demonstrate how, after 1994, photographers of the long-established documentary tradition, which was meant to record 'what is there' in a sharp, clear, legible and impartial manner, would continue to draw on devices of the documentary aesthetic, but in a more idiosyncratic way. I show how these post-apartheid, documentary landscapes both disrupt and complicate the conventional expectations involved in converting visual fields into knowledge. I further investigate, through my own experimental documentary work, the ideologically fraught aspects of landscape representation with their links to Calvinist and German Romantic aesthetics. I appropriate and disrupt certain tropes still prevalent in popular landscape depictions. I do this in an effort to reveal the complex and troubled relationship that these traditions share with issues of willed historical amnesia and recognition in contemporary Namibia. Through my practice and the examination of other photographers' and artists' work, this project aims to further a self-reflective and critical approach to the genre of landscape and issues of identity in post-apartheid South Africa and Namibia.

The metropolis is a dynamical and complex area, which important role played by it is to meet demands for services, trade, education and infrastructure. The expansion of the metropolis becomes a concern of many scholars, since it is directly linked to the growth of smaller cities, which can still be affected by the proliferation of slums and the lack of infrastructure, dscharacterizing the livelihood of small cities, which enables emergence of new territoriality. The need for new areas to permit the urban growth led to the metropolitan city of Belo Horizonte to the city of Confins to start the construction project of the Tancredo Neves International Airport, in the 1980s. This factor has led to many political conflicts and environmental problems due to the distance of the airport in relation to the metropolis and as a region in which predominates the karst relay. However, despite of these adversities, the Airport was achieved. The study area of this work is located in the north of the capital, the city of Confins, where is installed the Tancredo Neves International Airport. This region tends to introduce a new dynamism with important implications and consequences on the livelihood of residents, triggered by the urbanization process that focused on site. New government projects targeted to this region are being planned and executed, as the creation of a road network to facilitate access to the airport and the proposition of creating a technology park. The goal is to study the influence of the construction of this urban equipment in the small town of Confins. For this, we intend to highlight the specificities of the place, consider the lifestyle of the urban population and the improvements resulting from the government and private investments deployed in the city. The rationale of this study is based on a lack of specific work related to the municipality of Confins and the influence to the development of the place. It is understood that in this case, the process of urbanization is represented by a dynamic metropolis, thus, understanding the urban dynamism contributes to the analysis and discussion of issues of the place and more than that, for the formation of a meaning on the development of small towns through the construction of important works for the integration and development of the country. / A metrópole é uma área dinâmica e complexa, cujo papel importante desempenhado por ela é o de atender às demandas por prestação de serviços, comércio, educação e infraestrutura. A expansão das metrópoles torna-se a preocupação de muitos estudiosos, pois está diretamente ligada ao crescimento dos pequenos municípios, que podem ainda ser afetados pela proliferação de favelas e a ausência de infraestrutura, descaracterizando o modo de vida das pequenas cidades, o que possibilita o surgimento de novas territorialidades. A necessidade de novas áreas para viabilizar o crescimento urbano levou as forças políticas e econômicas da metrópole Belo Horizonte ao município de Confins para iniciar o projeto de construção do Aeroporto Internacional Tancredo Neves, na década de 1980. Tal fator gerou muitos conflitos políticos e problemas ambientais devido à distância do mesmo em relação à metrópole e por ser uma região na qual predomina o relevo cárstico. Porém, apesar dessas adversidades, o Aeroporto foi instalado nesta localidade. A área de estudo do presente trabalho localiza-se ao norte da capital mineira, no município de Confins, onde se encontra instalado o Aeroporto Internacional Tancredo Neves. Essa região tende a apresentar um novo dinamismo com importantes implicações e desdobramentos sobre o modo de vida dos moradores, desencadeado pelo processo de urbanização que incidiu no local. Novos projetos governamentais direcionados a essa região estão sendo previstos e executados, como a criação de uma malha viária para facilitar o acesso ao Aeroporto e a proposição de se criar um parque tecnológico. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a influência da construção deste equipamento urbano na pequena cidade de Confins. Para isso, pretende-se evidenciar as especificidades do lugar, analisar o modo de vida da população e as melhorias urbanas decorrentes dos investimentos governamentais e privados implantados na cidade. A justificativa desse estudo baseia-se numa ausência de trabalhos específicos relacionados ao município de Confins e à influência da grande obra pública para o desenvolvimento do lugar. Entende-se que neste caso o processo de urbanização é representado pela dinâmica de uma metrópole, desse modo, compreender tal dinamismo urbano contribui para a análise e a discussão acerca das questões do lugar e, mais do que isso, para a formação de um significado sobre o desenvolvimento das pequenas cidades a partir da construção de obras importantes para a integração e desenvolvimento do País. / Mestre em Geografia

In this thesis, we propose an introduction to geophilosophy, understood as a philosophy of relationship between the subject, the place and the everyday life in the context of modernity. At first the understandings are presented from which the researchers deal with the term geophilosophy , to then be introduced the concept of the word that matters to this research, as well as its theoretical and methodological foundation. In its practical aspect, the research investigates a particular phenomenon: the period in which the region of the Triângulo Mineiro had the railroad passenger train, which circulated in the region during the period of a little more than a century (1889-1997). On the occasion of his installation, the railroad train changed the landscape and places, changing old living relations and enabling the emergence of new relations and a new way of life that, over time, and not without contradictions is no longer new and strange, to be incorporated into the day-to-day. A specific aspect of this process is of particular interest, namely: after a century since its installation, the railroad train passengers left the region. The goal is to discuss the representations and objective and subjective impact of passenger transport disruption on railway lines in the localities of the Triângulo Mineiro region. Inferences found, from the consultation to documents, texts and dialogues with people who lived through the railroad train of everyday life in the region, reveal that there is a debt, not always recognized, the locations studied towards the passenger railroad train and with people who were part of their daily lives. Is present in this work is also a global approach to the relationship between the subject, the place and the world. We conclude that the globalized world suffocates the place and the human person and at the same time and dialectically, overwhelms the person and therefore also stifles the place. However, it is clear that, however totalizing it is, modernity cannot be absolute and always leaves a place to the residue. This is one of the faces of modernity, that the geophilosophy, in this study, lists. / Nesta tese, propõe-se uma introdução à geofilosofia, entendida como uma filosofia da relação entre o sujeito, o lugar e o cotidiano, no contexto da modernidade. A princípio, são apresentados os entendimentos a partir dos quais os pesquisadores lidam com o termo geofilosofia , para então ser introduzida a concepção da palavra que interessa a esta pesquisa, bem como a sua fundamentação teórico-metodológica. No seu aspecto prático, a pesquisa investiga um fenômeno em particular: o período em que a região do Triângulo Mineiro contou com o trem de ferro de passageiros, que operou na região durante o período de um pouco mais de um século (1889 a 1997). Por ocasião de sua instalação, o trem de ferro alterou a paisagem e os lugares, modificando velhas relações de convivência e possibilitando o surgimento de novas relações e de um novo modo de vida que, com o passar do tempo, e não sem contradições, deixou de ser novo e estranho, para ser incorporado ao dia-a-dia da região. Um aspecto específico deste processo interessa especialmente, a saber: passado um século desde a sua instalação, o trem de ferro de passageiros deixou a região. O objetivo é discorrer sobre as representações e repercussões objetivas e subjetivas da interrupção do transporte de passageiros em linhas férreas nas localidades da região do Triângulo Mineiro. As inferências encontradas, a partir da consulta a documentos, textos e diálogos com pessoas que viveram o cotidiano do trem de ferro na região, revelam que há uma dívida, nem sempre reconhecida, das localidades estudadas para com o trem de ferro de passageiros e para com as pessoas que fizeram parte do seu cotidiano. Faz-se presente neste trabalho, também, uma abordagem global da relação entre o sujeito, o lugar e o mundo. Conclui-se que o mundo globalizado sufoca o lugar e a pessoa humana e, ao mesmo tempo e dialeticamente, oprime a pessoa e, por isso, também sufoca o lugar. No entanto, evidencia-se que, por mais totalizadora que seja, a modernidade não consegue ser absoluta e sempre deixa um lugar para o resíduo. Essa é uma das faces da modernidade, que a geofilosofia, neste estudo, enumera. / Mestre em Geografia

The presented dissertation deals with the perception and methods of management of the mining heritage from the perspective of individual stakeholders, entities and interest groups involved in the process of its creation, inventory, interpretation, use, protection or reconstruction. At the same time, it discusses the ways of using the mining heritage, the benefits and risks of its presence in the territory or its connection to territorial identities. The general starting points of the research are based on a search and critical discussion of scientific literature and key geographical concepts (heritage, place, identity). In the first part, the thesis deals with the conceptualization of heritage in general, discussing various ways of defining and looking at heritage, its characteristics and properties, and also it discusses possible approaches to it. The thesis also brings different perspectives on classification of heritage and analysis of its individual phases, as the heritage is seen as a socio-cultural process conditioned by individual actors, entities and interest groups who enter and influence it at various stages. The thesis also deals with the ways heritage shapes and affects the environment in which it is located, including its inhabitants and visitors. After a general discussion, the thesis...