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Something is happening to our cultural heritage. The longer time gose by, the faster the clock of preservation of the future of cultural buildings is ticking. Just like any old building, there comes a time when renovation is a must. Renovation is seen as something positive, but what happens when you mix the concept of renovation with words like cultural heritage? For all lod buildings specifically, and even som for an historic, suddenly it can become unacceptable. In ths study, the renovation and modernization of cultural heritage will be put to the test. Is change together with modernization something negative or is it the new way to go, not only to preserve cultural heritage and its historical impact on society but also preservation ot for future generations? This study has its focus on Fredrikskyrkan in the city of Karlskrona. This church went through a dramatic renovation and modernization between 2016-2018 and is now a multifunctional church where not only chourch activities are held. The reason why this particular church has been used in this study is because the altar and pews were chosen to be removed and large dramatic changes made people in general disagree with the new look. Through the course of the study, we will delve into how the modernization was motivated and how it has affected Fredrikskyrkan as a cultural heritage object, based on interview, data material, submitted texts from newspapers together with previous research focusing on, modernization and church cultural heritage Together with theories such as collective memories and the meaning of authenticity, the study will try to answer the question: What the motives were for the renovation and whether modernization and restoration can be linked to notions of preservation and modernization. The conclution shows that a balance that must exist between cultural heritage and new thinking of modernization. In connection with the renovation of Fredrikskyrkan, the concept of authenticity and collective memories was put to the test.

This project explores strategies to effectively address the challenges surrounding the ‘dissonant’ heritage of totalitarian regimes. The difficulties associated with this heritage rises from multiple factors, such as the characteristics of materials and objects involved, historical and cultural contexts, political influences, ethical considerations, religious aspects, and personal beliefs of individuals involved. These differences give rise to conflicts and obstacles in preserving and managing such heritage. The main point of disagreement is whether undesired and painful objects and sites should be demolished or if they are to be preserved, how they should be appropriately presented. Therefore, it is essential to adopt a balanced approach that respects diverse perspectives, fosters dialogue, and embraces adaptive strategies. This approach is crucial for ensuring the long-term viability and meaningful interpretation of our shared collective heritage. The case study chosen is Lithuania, a former part of the Soviet Union. Most built heritage from the Soviet era may not be traditionally seen as culturally significant, but it does bear witness to collective memory. The goal is to analyze and propose an adaptive reuse project for a partially abandoned building, the former Taxi Park in Vilnius. To address historical memory, the proposal suggests a programic shift from a Taxi Park to a Film Park. This approach showcases artifacts from the Lithuanian film industry and transforms the space into an archival institution that engages with history. The building is organized in a chronological framework, with different floors that create a cohesive narrative that honors the past, preserves the present, and allows for future engagement. By incorporating these elements, the space serves educational, cultural, and future-oriented purposes.

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As Marquesans in French Polynesia face a warming Pacific Ocean, coral decline, and an increased likelihood of cyclones and tsunamis (Gillie 1997; Sylvat and Wilkinson 2011; United Nations 2005), discourses and narratives related to anthropogenic climate change have rapidly become a part of contemporary social life on the islands, challenging and remolding Marquesans’ senses of identity. Moreover, the Marquesas Islands have become an increasingly popular tourist destination, which contributes to 80% of the local economy. The economic significance of tourism combined with the ecological changes have rapidly shifted Marquesans’ sense of self, particularly as demonstrated through indigenous material culture. While Marquesan “material culture” (Lévi-Strauss 1963) has been reclaimed and revalued by Marquesans and tourists alike, material production processes have tended to contribute to the destruction of the ecological environment and depletion of local resources. Simultaneously, anthropogenic climate change has resulted in reduced yields for locally-sourced raw materials integral to the continuation of these industries (Gornall et al. 2010; McMillan et al. 2014; Thaman and Clarke 1993). The tourist market is thus a complex and contradictory site at which local identity and material practices converge with the stark realities of global environmental and economic change. This research asks: how is the very nature of collective identity, in “traditional” societies or others, being challenged by swift ecological and climate change? How might models of tourism, economic viability, and agricultural exploitation need to be revised and reorganized in ways that take into account new kinds of identities and imaginaries, new forms of collective action, or the re-mobilization of “older” forms of collectivity and economic activity? In the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia, I examine how Marquesans draw upon their history, sense of self, sense of culture, sense of stability, and sense of precocity to remake both who they are and/through the objects that reflect who they are. / Anthropology

This thesis is a chronologically comparative study of fairy culture and belief in early modern and Victorian Scotland. Using fairy culture as a case study, I examine the adaptability of folk culture by exploring whether beliefs and legends surrounding fairies in the early modern era continued into the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a single culture system, or whether the Victorian fairy revival was a distinct cultural phenomenon. Based on contextual, physical, and behavioral comparisons, this thesis argues the former; while select aspects of fairy culture developed and adapted to serve the needs and values of Victorian society, its resurgence and popularization was largely predicated on the notion that it was a remnant of the past, therefore directly linking the nineteenth century interpretation to the early modern. In each era, fairy culture serves as a window into the major tensions complicating Scottish identity formation. In the early modern era, these largely centered around witchcraft, theology, and the Reformation, while notions of cultural heritage, national mythology, and escapist fantasy dominated Victorian fairy discourse. A comparative study on fairy culture demonstrates how cultural traditions can help link vastly different time periods and complicate traditional conceptions about periodization. Ultimately, this thesis reveals how issues of class impacted the popularization and persistence of fairy culture across both eras, reflecting ongoing discussions about Scottish identity. / Master of Arts

History education is important, as it provides context for current events today. Cultural heritage sites, such as historic buildings, ruins, or archaeological digs can provide a glimpse into the past. The use of different technologies, including augmented and virtual reality, to teach history has expanded. Augmented reality (AR) in particular can be used to enhance real artifacts and places to allow for deeper understanding. However, the experiences born out of these efforts primarily aim to enhance museum visits and are presented as handheld experiences on smartphones or tablets. The use of head-worn augmented reality for on-site history education is a gap. There is a need to examine how on-site historical experiences should be designed for AR headsets. This work aims to explore best practices of creating such experiences through a case study on the Solitude AR Tour. Additionally comparisons between designing for head-worn AR and handheld AR are presented. / Master of Science / There is a need for the general public to be informed on historical events which have shaped the present day. Informal education through museums or guided tours around historical sites provides an engaging method for people to become more knowledgeable on the details of a time period or a place's past. The use of augmented reality, which is the enhancement of the real-world through virtual content visible through some sort of display such as a smartphone, has been applied to history education in these settings. The educational apps created focus on adding onto museum exhibits, rather than historical locations such as buildings or other structures. Additionally they have focused on using smartphones or tablets as the medium for virtual content, rather than headsets, which involves wearing a display rather than holding one. This work aims to address the lack of headset-based, on-site history experiences by posing questions about what methods work best for designing such an app. Comparisons to handheld design are also made to provide information on how the approach differs.

Johansson, Evelina. 2018. Om- och tillbyggnationer samt renoveringar av Sankt Larskyrkan i Linköping   Johansson, Evelina. 2018. Reconstructions, extensions and renovations of St Lars Church in Linköping     St Lars Church is a white stone church located in central Linköping. In this thesis I will cover the processes behind the two most recent renovations of St Lars Church. The earlier of the two renovations was carried out in the 1950’s. The main purpose of this renovation was to literally prevent a total collapse of the church structure. Adding modern technology to the church was a priority at the most recent renovation in 2016, mainly in order to create an atmosphere which would make everyone feel welcome. I will also cover the media attention that these renovations attracted.   The material used in this thesis includes available literature, archive material, and interviews of key individuals from the most recent renovation. I have also visited the church to study the most recent renovation and gain insight into the excavations that were part of the process.   Historical records only describe the larger scaled renovations. This has led to a greater subjective valuation put into the decisions and discussions put forth during these processes. Individuals part of the historical renovations have consciously, or sub-consciously, been influenced by preceding historical ideas. Studying a historical period of time in the context of current influences lies at the hearth of the history of ideas, all the while understanding that absolute truths will never be discovered.

Cultural heritage tourism is the fasted growing segment of the tourism industry, because there is a trend toward an increased specialization among tourists. This is evident in the rise in the volume of tourists who seek adventure, culture, history, archaeology and interaction with local people. Specially, tourists who come to visit Malacca State are interesting in cultural heritage sites have increased recently and are expected to continue. This study attempts to investigate the relationship between cultural heritage destination attributes and tourist satisfaction, and to identify the relationship between cultural heritage destination attributes and tourist satisfaction in terms of selected tourists¡¦ demographic characteristics and travel behavior characteristics. In this study, expectancy-disconfirmation theory was used to provide a conceptual framework. The theory holds that consumers first form expectations of products or service performance prior to purchasing or use. Subsequently, purchasing and use convey to the consumer beliefs about the actual or perceived performance of the product(s) or service(s). Then the consumer will compare the perceived performance to prior expectation. Consumer satisfaction is seen as the outcome of this comparison. The study area for this study was Malacca State, Malaysia. Malacca State is a historical city centre which has been listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008. Malacca has adopted as its slogan, ¡§Visiting Malacca Means Visiting Malaysia¡¨, because Malacca have developed over 500 years of trading and cultural exchanged between east and west in the straits of Malacca. Besides that, Malacca also demonstrates the early stages of history originating in the 15th century Malay Sultanate, Portuguese, and Dutch periods beginning in the represents the British era from the end of the 18th century. Furthermore, in year 2009, total of 8.9 million tourists has visited Malacca. It increased about 1.7 million tourists flowing in compared year 2008. The data of this study were collected from the on-site survey method. The sample population for this study was composed of tourists, who visited Malacca State in May, 2010. The survey was conducted at two sites in the cultural heritage sites of Malacca State. Out of 150 questionnaires, 115 were usable. Therefore, the data from 115 respondents were analyzed in this study. A few of appropriate statistical analyses such as frequencies, descriptive, factor analysis, linear regressions analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used according to respective objectives and descriptors. The factor analysis was conducted to create correlated variable composited from the original 23 attributes. Using factor analysis, 23 analysis attributes resulted to three dimensions: General Tour Attraction, Culture and Heritage Attraction, and Differentiate and Amenity Attraction. These three factors then were related with overall satisfaction. The linear regression analysis revealed that was relationship between cultural heritage destination attributes and tourists¡¦ overall satisfaction. ANOVA showed that there was significant difference between derived factor in relation to gender, age, education, country of origin, household income, past experience to cultural heritage sites, length of stay, and information selected, such as internet, newspaper, holiday exhibition, brochure or travel magazine or guidebook, and local or town trail among the demographic and behavior characteristics. The lastly, ANCOVA showed that origin of country, household income per year, and decision time of the control variables controlled the relationship between the overall satisfaction of tourists and derived factors. According to the results of this study, origin of country and household income controlled the relationship between the overall satisfaction of tourists and derived Factor 3 (Differentiate and Amenity Attraction) and time planning showed significant in relationship between the overall satisfaction of tourist of tourists and derived Factor 2 (Cultural and Heritage Attraction). Based on the results several recommendations can be made to improve and increase tourists¡¦ satisfaction of the cultural heritage tourism in Malacca State, such as comprehending what tourists seek at cultural heritage attractions will help tourism marketers better understand their customers. Through this study, planners or marketers can identify which attributes satisfy the tourist who visit cultural heritage destinations will help tourism planners develop appropriate strategies to attract their customers and serve them effectively. Besides that, it allow planners or marketers knowing who the satisfied tourists are may help reduce marketing costs and maintain cultural heritage destinations¡¦ sustainability.

This study revolves around cultural heritage as a resource for tourism and within a placemaking. The chosen purpose is to study how an individual municipality relates to its specific cultural heritage and to investigate how cultural heritage can be used as a tourism resource and within a place-making. Hässleholm municipality is the subject of the study and the cultural heritage is the history about the guerrilla fighters and outlaws called snapphanar. The questions at issue are: How is the history of snapphanarna in Hässleholm municipality valued as a cultural heritage and as a tourism resource? How can Hässleholm municipality use its cultural heritage as a tourism resource and in a place-making? The theoretical understanding is mainly based on Jonas Grundberg's material on cultural heritage tourism and Lotta Braunerhielm's study on cultural heritage in place-making. A case study has been conducted using semi-structured interviews, unstructured interviews and observations. Interviews have been conducted with the responsible destination developer from the municipality, the castle manager at Hovdala Slott, the responsible at “Tourism in Skåne”, and ten locals. The results show that there is a discrepancy in how local residents value the cultural heritage of snapphanar versus how municipal responsible value them. Among other things, locals want the Snapphane heritage to bring more to life in the municipality and be used in tourism, something that is now not present. Furthermore, it is clear that the municipality does not see Hovdala Castle for all its values. The study provides tools for how Hässleholm municipality can use the cultural heritage of the history about Snappahanarna, together with Hovdala Slott, to create a more locally based tourism and as a way for a place making. / Denna studie kretsar kring kulturarv som en resurs för turism och inom ett platsskapande. Det valda syftet är att studera hur en enskild kommun förhåller sig till sitt specifika kulturarv samt att undersöka hur kulturarvet kan användas som en turismresurs och inom ett platsskapande. Hässleholms kommun är föremålet för studien och kulturarvet är snapphanehistorien. Frågeställningarna är: Hur värderas snapphanehistorien i Hässleholms kommun som ett kulturarv och som en turismresurs? Hur kan Hässleholms kommun använda sitt kulturarv som en turismresurs och inom ett platsskapande? Den teoretiska förståelsen utgår främst från Jonas Grundbergs material om kulturarvsturism och Lotta Braunerhielms studie om kulturarv inom platsskapande. En fallstudie har utförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer, ostrukturerade intervjuer samt observationer. Intervjuer har gjorts med ansvarig destinationsutvecklare från kommunen, slottschefen på Hovdala Slott, ansvarig på Tourism in Skåne samt tio lokalinvånare. Resultaten visar att det finns en diskrepans i hur kommuninvånarna värderar kulturarvet snapphanar kontra kommunansvariga. Lokalinvånarna vill bland annat att snapphanearvet ska levandegöras mer i kommunen och användas inom turism, något som nu inte är gällande. Vidare framgår att kommunen inte ser Hovdala Slott för alla dess värden. Studien ger verktyg till hur Hässleholms kommun kan använda sig av kulturarvet snapphanehistorien tillsammans med Hovdala Slott för att skapa en mer lokalt förankrad turism och som en väg för ett nytt platsskapande.