Uppsatsens syfte har varit att undersöka intressenters motiv bakom återuppförandet av ett förstört kulturarv. Studien har haft Bosnienkriget som utgångspunkt, som varade mellan april 1992 till december 1995. Fokus har lagts på återuppbyggandet av bron Stari Most i Mostar ur olika intressenters perspektiv, vilka underliggande motiv de olika parterna haft och intressekonflikter dem emellan. Studien ämnar även undersöka hur och på vilket sätt Mostars invånare påverkades av brons återuppbyggnad. Material som relaterar till intressenterna studerades utifrån ett antal värdeaspekter, som ämnade underlätta identifieringen av motiv. Trots att den gemensamma målsättningen var att förena Mostars invånare över återuppförandet av Stari Most, har undersökningen bidragit till att identifiera flertalet underliggande motiv hos intressenterna. Det har även varit möjligt att påvisa att intressekonflikter funnits dem mellan, där vissa prioriterade ekonomiska fördelar som projektet kunde medföra, medan andra fokuserade på att bron skulle återfå sin sociala samt kulturella betydelse. Mostars invånare påverkades av att bron byggdes upp, däremot fanns differenser mellan de som bodde i nära anslutning till bron och de som bodde i angränsande områden. / The purpose of this study was to investigate different stakeholders motives behind rebuilding destroyed cultural heritage. The study has had the Bosnian war as its starting point, which lasted between April 1992 to December 1995. Focus has been on rebuilding the bridge Stari Most in Mostar, from the perspective of different stakeholders, their underlying motives and conflicts of interest between them. The study also aims to investigate how in what way the population of Mostar was affected by the reconstruction of the bridge. Material that relates to the different stakeholders was studied in relation to different values, which aimed to make the identification of underlying motives easier. Even though the common goal for the stakeholders was to unite the population of Mostar, has the study contributed to identify different underlying motives. It has also been possible to identify conflict of interests between stakeholders, where some prioritized the economic benefits the project could bring, while others focused on the bridge regaining its social and cultural significance. The people of Mostar was affected by the bridge being rebuilt, but there were significant differences between those who lived in close proximity to the bridge and those who lived in the surrounding area of the city.

Background: Immigrant entrepreneurship (IE) has emerged as a vital component of Sweden's economy. However, Vietnamese Immigrant Entrepreneurs are playing an increasingly prominent role in the country's financial landscape, but there seems to be an underexplored research gap. The influence of cultural, and national heritage on financial decision-making specifically towards the Vietnamese Immigrant Entrepreneurs is an underestimated topic, as many entrepreneurs come from backgrounds where their expertise was cultivated, enabling them to operate uneffectively in the financial sector. This paper examines the impact of cultural and national aspects and other characteristics on the financial decision-making of Vietnamese immigrant entrepreneurs. Purpose: This thesis investigates how the cultural and national characteristics influences the financial decision-making of Vietnamese Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Sweden. The research aims to comprehend the impact of cultural values and societal norms of the home country, and its influences on their financial strategies and its process made by these entrepreneurs. It offers profound insight on how cultural identity, cultural background and cultural legacy impacts their entrepreneurial endeavor, specifically in the financing scope. The primary objective is to provide information that can contribute to the academic and practical world. Method: This research uses a qualitative methodology that combines exploratory and interpretative design with relativism ontology, interpretivism, social constructionist epistemology, and an abductive approach. Six Vietnamese IEs who are employed in Sweden were the purposive sample, chosen according to certain sampling criteria, and semi-structured and e-mail interviews were used to collect the data. In order to find, understand, and interpret significant themes and patterns in the transcripts and interviews, the data was further examined using a thematic content analysis. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the fact that the national and cultural aspects of the Vietnamese IE’s have a significant influence on their financial decision-making in their entrepreneurial endeavor. Their trust and familiarity in informal networks and financing sources, and deeply-rooted risk-averse attitudes in financing based on history and culture exerts aprofound effect that ultimately shapes their financial strategies towards informal financing over formal financing. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of culturally responsive financial products and services in effectively assisting immigrant businesses. Moreover, it emphasizes the significance of comprehending the cultural subtleties that influence financial conduct, hence fostering enhanced economic assimilation and achievement for immigrant entrepreneurs.

In today’s increasingly diverse and multicultural societies, the need for inclusive public spaces that bridge cultural boundaries becomes desirable. “Interlace” explores the fusion of Persian and Swedish architectural aesthetics within public space, aiming to foster cross-cultural dialogue and enhance social interaction.  This project seeks to blur the lines between cultures, creating a harmonious atmosphere where diverse communities feel a profound sense of belonging. Interlace delves into the atmospheric qualities of public space, emphasizing inclusivity and unity among individuals from diverse backgrounds. Drawing inspiration from traditional Swedish boat houses and Iranian architectural heritage, the design focuses on seamlessly blending elements while respecting the natural surroundings and existing architectural features. The outcome is an architectural proposal—a public sauna on a deck in the Stockholm archipelago—symbolizing the merge of two distinct cultures. By incorporating Persian geometric patterns and Swedish architectural techniques and local material resources, the design creates a tranquil and contemplative space conducive to social interaction and community engagement. Interlace delves into the atmospheric qualities of public space, emphasizing inclusivity and unity among individuals from diverse backgrounds. Drawing inspiration from traditional Swedish boat houses and Iranian architectural heritage, the design focuses on seamlessly blending elements while respecting the natural surroundings and existing architectural features. Interlace delves into the atmospheric qualities of public space, emphasizing inclusivity and unity among individuals from diverse backgrounds. Drawing inspiration from traditional Swedish boat houses and Iranian architectural heritage, the design focuses on seamlessly blending elements while respecting the natural surroundings and existing architectural features.

Master of Science / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / LaBarbara J. Wigfall / Community Capital Framework often provides a foundation for analyzing community development in cities and neighborhoods (Flora & Flora, 2008). However, the relationship between cultural heritage tourism and individual community capitals has been little studied in southern, Arizona. Therefore the primary objective of this study is to determine the most influential capitals at a renowned cultural heritage site in Arizona, Saguaro National Park. For this case study an assessment system will be established to assess the most influential capitals. Robert Stake’s The Art of Case Study Research was used as the research model to examine the relationships between cultural heritage tourism and the individual community capitals at Saguaro National Park. Results from this case study indicated that natural and cultural capitals appear to be the most influential because much of the monument’s development and community outreach revolve around the protection of the site’s Saguaros and their importance as a cultural heritage resource to the indigenous people of the Sonoran desert.

This dissertation concerns a certain experienced (sub)reality, a reality which emerged from something “in between”, from a confluence of factors - the project Gender on Stage, a particular actor education programme and myself in the role of observer. The project Gender on Stage started as an interdisciplinary study between the National Academy of Mime and Acting in Stockholm and the Department of Theatre Studies and the Department of Nordic Languages at Stockholm University. It was supported by the Swedish Research Council, and its purpose was to investigate gender in actor education. Actor education is situated between traditional theatre history and trends about the future, between aesthetic ideals and a commercial market. In addition, as was described in the outline of the project, actor education must deal with a long history of male dominance. Actor education could be visualised as the epitome of a cultural production of gender, a site where one has to explicitly deal with discourses of body and language, male and female, self and other, memories and emotions, pleasure and desire. I have stressed gender in actor education as being deeply interrelated with the notion of cultural hegemony, historical discourses of acting as well as gender, myths, and unconscious themes. Beside theories of Simone de Beauvoir, Judith Butler, Sue Ellen Case and Julia Kristeva, the study invokes post-structural notions of “present absence” as well as Freud’s ideas on repression in terms of “the uncanny”. Stanislavsky’s theories of fantasy emotion and the Brechtian concepts of Verfremdung and Gestus were likewise taken into consideration. To resolve problems of confidentiality and ethics, I discuss certain significant observations, considering them to be unique situations, but also representative and symbolic acts. In discussing the gender construction, I put myself into play in the role of observer as a certain persona – a kind of converse representative and a “faceted mirror of the invisible”.

Die Bewahrung des kulturellen Erbes ist eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben der Menschheit. Dennoch leidet Kulturgut an illegalem Handel, wird unrechtmäßig ins Ausland verbracht und nicht an die Ursprungsstaaten zurückgegeben. Mit dem Ziel der Stärkung des Kulturgüterschutzes wird in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland derzeit an einem neuen einheitlichen Gesetz gearbeitet, das alle bestehenden deutschen Gesetze in diesem Problemfeld umfassen soll. Das neue Gesetz soll 2016 in Kraft treten. Der momentan vorliegende Gesetzesentwurf wird in den Medien kontrovers diskutiert. Das neue Gesetz soll unter anderem der besseren Umsetzung des UNESCO-Übereinkommens über Maßnahmen zum Verbot und zur Verhütung der unzulässigen Einfuhr, Ausfuhr und Übereignung von Kulturgut dienen. Dieses Übereinkommen (weiter in der Arbeit auch als UNESCO-Konvention bezeichnet) unterzeichneten die UNESCO-Mitgliedstaaten im Jahr 1970, um das Kulturgut vor illegalem Handel zu schützen. Bis jetzt wurde die Umsetzung der Konvention in Deutschland von der internationalen Gemeinschaft stark kritisiert. Es kam nämlich trotz mehrerer Anträge zur keinen einzigen Rückgabe von Kulturgut an die Ursprungsländer, vor allem wegen des deutschen Listenprinzips (Erfordernis der Eintragung ausländischer Kulturgüter in Listen). Allerdings stößt nicht nur die Umsetzung, sondern auch das UNESCO-Übereinkommen an sich auf Kritik. Die Konvention von 1970, die zur Zeit ihrer Entstehung ein bahnbrechendes Rechtsinstrument war, zog neue Vertragsstaaten allerdings nur langsam an und wies viele Mängel auf. Dennoch bemüht sich die UNESCO mit diversen Mitteln seit mehr als 40 Jahren darum, das Übereinkommen zu reformieren. Viele Hoffnungen auf die Verbesserung dessen Implementierung sind mit der Tätigkeit der Vertragsstaatenkonferenz und des von ihr im Jahr 2012 gegründeten beratenden Ausschusses verbunden.

Täktverksamheter innebär stora ingrepp i miljön. När verksamheten avslutas ska täktområdet efterbehandlas och det finns flera sätt en efterbehandling kan utformas på och vad som måste tas hänsyn till. Gråsjöns skiffertäkt i Jämtland har inte efterbehandlats. Då den är en del av en kulturhistorisk miljö, att området kan vara geologiskt intressant samt att täkten är belägen i fjällmiljö gör det svårt att avgöra hur efterbehandlingen ska ske. Syftet med studien är därför att ta reda på hur skiffertäkten på bäst lämpade sätt ska efterbehandlas med avseende på aspekterna geologiska värden, naturvärden, kulturmiljövärden, estetiska värden samt risk och säkerhet. Detta har gjorts genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer samt litteraturgranskning av rapporter om efterbehandling av täkter. Vid efterbehandling kan det vara värdefullt att bevara eventuella intressanta lagerföljder i täkten för forsknings- och utbildningssyften. Den biologiska mångfalden bör gynnas och bergsbranter, blockstensupplag och vattensamlingar kan skapa gynnsamma miljöer. Äldre brottstensytor från historisk brytning ska bevaras och säkerhetsåtgärder bör vidtas så att inte människor som rör sig i området skadar sig i täkten: Detta kan göras genom snedsprängning och släntning eller att en skyddshylla sprängs in i bergväggen. En färdig efterbehandlingsplan som är anpassad och tar hänsyn till alla aspekter går inte att ta fram i dagsläget då det måste göras en inventering av arterna i och runt täkten. Först när det underlaget finns går det att avgöra hur täkten ska efterbehandlas och hur de andra aspekterna kan vävas in i efterbehandlingen. / Quarries result in great environmental interference. When quarrying is completed the area must undergo restoration. There are different ways to design the restoration plan and what must be taken into account. The shale quarry in Gråsjön, Jämtland County hasn’t been restored. Due to cultural heritage in the quarry, the possible geological value and the fact that the shale-quarry is located in an alpine environment makes it difficult to determine the course of action. The aim of this paper is to determine what best way is to restore the shale-quarry due to geological values, nature values, cultural heritage, esthetical values and risk and safety. This was done by qualitative semi-structured interviews and a literature study of reports on restoration of quarries. Upon restoration, it can be valuable to preserve interesting strata in the quarry for research and educational purposes. The biodiversity should be favored and slopes, heaps of stone blocks and pools of water can create favorable environments. Older parts of the quarry that represent a cultural heritage should be preserved and precautions should be taken to prevent people from getting injured in the quarry. This could be done by line out the steep walls in the quarry or blast out a protective step in the stone wall that prevent people from falling down. A restoration plan that is taking into account all the aspects is not possible because a species inventory must be initiated. When the inventory is complete the course of action can be decided and how the other aspects can be part of the restoration plan.

The main purpose of this thesis is to gain insight to, and widened knowledge about, the contemporary nationalistic movement in Sweden, represented by the Sweden Democrats, and its’ relation to cultural heritage. The party has made cultural heritage the main focal of their culture politic, but the questions are what cultural heritage is to them, what content they read in to the concept, how they value heritage, what sort of heritage policies they want to pursue, and why. And also what sort of sources and expertise that are invoked by the party. The source material, consisting of transcripts from parliamentary debates, motions, and policy documents from the party’s web page, is processed through a discourse analytic method. An important theoretical starting point is that to define a term is to define the thing itself, and that this is an expression of power, especially when it comes to a parliamentary party. The second purpose is to problematize and discuss the concept of heritage on a meta level by comparing the results from the empirical study with earlier research that explores the hegemonic heritage discourse. The main findings are that the Sweden Democrats, like many of their peers around Europe, want to use cultural heritage to create unity and a common national identity – a mono culture to replace the multi cultural paradigm they mean is prevailing in the country (and ruining it). The party has an essentialist, even positivistic, view on the content of heritage, but they never really define it thoroughly. The study also shows that most of the party’s thoughts on heritage are in line with the hegemonic heritage discourse. Some have argued that the Sweden Democrats are abusing ”the heritage”, but I would rather say that they are using it, in a way that corresponds well with the concept “cultural heritage” as it has been defined by all those involved with it (i.e. journalists, writers, scholars, policy makers, museal personnel, and the public through public debate in the press). The example of this Swedish nationalistic party, shows what the cultural heritage concept of today can be when driven to its peak. / Uppsatsens första syfte är att nå ökade insikter i modern svensk nationalism (representerad av Sverigedemokraterna) och dess relation till, och syn på, kulturarvsbegreppet. Partiet har gjort kulturarv till sin främsta kulturpolitiska fråga, men frågan är vad kulturarv är för partiet, vilket innehåll de tillskriver det, vilken kulturarvspolitik de säger sig vilja bedriva, hur de värderar kulturarv, och motiverar sina åsikter och förslag. Detta skall utredas genom en diskursanalys av Sverigedemokratiska motioner, riksdagsdebattinlägg, och texter från partiets webbsida. En teoretisk utgångspunkt som är mycket viktig för motiverandet av uppsatsens relevans är att kontroll över kulturarvsbegreppet är kontroll över tinget i sig, och att detta är ett maktuttryck, i synnerhet när det är ett riksdagsparti som söker kontroll över begreppet. Uppsatsens andra syfte är att problematisera och diskutera kulturarvsbegreppet på en metanivå, genom att jämföra resultaten från den empiriska studien med tidigare forskning om den hegemoniska kulturarvsdiskursen. De huvudsakliga fynden är att Sverigedemokraterna, likt många nationalistiska rörelser ute i Europa, vill använda kulturarv för att skapa gemenskap och en gemensam nationell identitet – en monokultur som kan ersätta det multikulturella paradigm de menar är rådande i landet idag. Partiet har en essentialistisk, till och med positivistisk, syn på kulturarv, men definierar det trots det aldrig på djupet. Studien visar att partiets tankar om kulturarvet ofta går i linje med den hegemoniska kulturarvsdiskursen. Somliga har hävdat att Sverigedemokraterna missbrukar ”kulturarvet”, men jag vill snarare säga att de brukar det på ett sätt som korresponderar med kulturarvsbegreppet med stort K, såsom det kommit att tolkas efter år av användande av journalister, författare, akademiker, politiker, museipersonal, och genom publik debatt i pressen. Exemplet Sverigedemokraterna visar vad kulturarvsbegreppet av idag kan vara när det dras till sin spets.

Le 10 octobre 2007, le premier musée de l'immigration en France ouvre enfin ses portes après moult années de militantisme de la part des associations et des universitaires et une prise de conscience progressive des pouvoirs publics. Cette nouvelle institution, qui bénéficie du rare statut juridique de musée national, intitulée musée national de l'histoire et des cultures de l'immigration s'insère dans le cadre d'une structure organisationnelle qui dépasse le simple cadre du musée, la Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration, un établissement pluridisciplinaire sous la quadriple tutelle des ministères de la Culture, de l'Education, de la Recherche et de l'Intégration. L'objet de notre thèse consiste à déterminer comment s'opère la construction médiatique des identités du musée national de l'histoire et des cultures de l'immigration. Cette analyse commence par une interrogation sur les outils conceptuels intéressants pour ce sujet. A partir du postulat d'aborder le musée comme espace de communication symbolique (Davallon, Schiele, Lamizet, Dufrêne, Regourd), elle envisage les préalables épistémologiques des sciences humaines et sociales, l'identité comme construit (Claude Lévi-Strauss) et l'identité narrative (Paul Ricoeur), les fondements en muséologie (les modèles muséologiques) et en médiation culturelle (les notions de dispositif de médiation et d'espace public). Notre analyse se poursuit par une étude de la superposition des médiations selon les différentes temporalités du musée, celle du musée imaginé (les récits de l'utopie au travers des documents préparatoires) et celle du musée réalisée (médiation architecturale, muséographique, du site), ce qui nous amène à une interrogation sur les conflits des médiations à l'œuvre au sein du musée tant du point de vue de la forme que du fond : récit colonial et récit républicain, récits historiques, artistiques et anthropologiques, récits historiques et mémoriels, récit d'unité de la nation et récit de diversité du patrimoine des migrants. Le constat d'une polyphonie énonciative et d'une pluralité d'identités du musée national de l'histoire et des cultures de l'immigration nous conduit à sont tour à une réflexion sur le discours républicain à l'épreuve des mémoires et à l'émergence d'un nouveau modèle muséal : voit-on se dessiner un musée de l'innovation sociale à partir de la structure musée/réseau ? Dans quelle mesure la réflexion sur la diversité culturelle et l'interculturalité qui traverse l'espace public contemporain affecte t-elle le musée à l'heure de la mondialisation ? Peut-on parler de l'émergence d'un prototype muséal hybride entre musée républicain et musée de voisinage, universalisme et communautarisme ?

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