O presente trabalho é resultado de releituras das representações das paisagens da Ilha de Santa Catarina, entre a última década do século dezenove até os anos quarenta do século vinte. É uma análise baseada em reflexões da história cultural, que concebe a paisagem como uma invenção discursiva situada em contexto social específico. No exercício de análise das representações das paisagens nos discursos de viajantes estrangeiros, nos textos literários regionalistas e nas imagens fotográficas, que dão a ver “lugares” de Florianópolis e de seus arredores, manuseia-se com uma visualidade oficializada da paisagem, que serve, inclusive, à divulgação turística da Ilha na atualidade. / The present work is the result of new interpretations of the representations of landscapes of the Island of Santa Catarina, from the nineteenth century’s last decade until the twentieth century’s forties. It is an analysis based on thoughts from Cultural History, which sees the landscape as a discursive invention placed in a specific social context. By analysing the representations of landscapes in the discourses of foreign travelers, in literary texts and in regionalistic and photographic images, which represent "places" of Florianópolis and its surroundings, one can handle with an official visuality of the landscape, which also serves to the touristic advertisement of the Island nowadays.

This work aims to analyze the performance of the Theater Group of Cratenses Amateur (GRUTAC) between the years 1942 and 1950 using the approach of Cultural History. The theatrical practice of this group can tell us a lot about the values of cratense society of this period and about the history of amateur theater that developed in Brazil in the first decades of the twentieth century. For this, we will use as a starting point the memories of members of GRUTAC, which in the early 1990s strove to create their own story through narratives about their own trajectory. In addition to these memories, we also used as sources for this work theatrical texts chosen by the group to be staged, because we observed that the GRUTAC appropriated the national theatrical production to show the morality and customs present in the society in which they were inserted. By analyzing the content of these plays we can know more about the history of Brazilian theater and dramaturgy. In the quest to understand social values of the cratenses during the study period, we will make the analysis of newspaper articles that talked about the group's performances and about the accepted and not accepted social behaviors within this society. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar, através do enfoque da História Cultural, a atuação do Grupo Teatral de Amadores Cratenses (GRUTAC) entre os anos de 1942 e 1950, pois a prática teatral deste grupo pode nos dizer muito sobre os valores da sociedade cratense deste período e da história do teatro amador que se desenvolveu no Brasil das primeiras décadas do século XX. Para isso, utilizaremos como ponto de partida as memórias dos membros do GRUTAC, que no início da década de 1990 se empenharam em criar a sua própria história através de narrativas sobre sua trajetória. Além dessas memórias, também utilizamos como fontes de pesquisa para este trabalho textos teatrais escolhidos pelo grupo para serem encenados, pois observamos que o GRUTAC se apropriou da produção teatral nacional para apresentar a moralidade e os costumes presentes na sociedade em que estava inserido. Através da análise do conteúdo dessas peças, podemos conhecer mais sobre a história do teatro brasileiro e a dramaturgia nacional. Na busca de compreender os valores sociais cratenses do período estudado, faremos a análise dos textos jornalísticos que falam sobre a atuação do grupo e os comportamentos sociais aceitos e criticados dentro dessa sociedade.

Au tournant du XXème siècle en Espagne, une réaction au naturalisme se fait jour dans un panorama théâtral dégradé. Dans ce contexte de crise des langages artistiques, une série de propositions dramaturgiques voit le jour à partir de 1916. Les œuvres retenues sont envisagées pour en dégager l’énergie plastique dans ses dimensions tant textuelles (littéraire, dramatique et dramaturgique) que scéniques, lorsque les œuvres ont été représentées à l’époque. Phénomène majeur de renouveau du théâtre entre 1916 et 1934, les synesthésies sont étudiées au croisement de l’émergence d’un théâtre du corps (cantonné jusqu’alors aux genres assimilés à la pantomime et à la revue), et de la naissance des grandes compagnies de danse, au moment de l’apogée de l’âge d’argent. Cette délimitation chronologique des textes choisis caractérise un intervalle temporel signifiant au regard de l’histoire culturelle et des problématiques esthétiques. La période correspond à l’arrivée des Ballets Russes à Madrid et s’étend jusqu’à la fondation et la dissolution de la Compañía de Bailes españoles par Encarnación López La Argentinita et F. García Lorca en 1933-1934. La thèse analyse les formes et les implications des synesthésies, procédés d’expression plastiques et rythmiques. Après la mise en évidence d’un contexte scientifique et artistique propice à l’avènement d’un théâtre synesthésique, le travail étudie les réponses apportées par des dramaturges (R. Alberti, M. Aub, J. Bergamín, T. Borrás, F. García Lorca, R. Gómez de la Serna, M. Hernández, G. Martínez Sierra, R. del Valle-Inclán) qui ont tiré parti des synesthésies pour semer dans leurs textes dramatiques les éléments d’une possible rénovation du théâtre espagnol de leur temps. / A reaction against naturalism developed in Spanish drama at the turn of the 20th century against a backdrop of an impoverished national scene. In a context of crisis in artistic expression and codes, a number of responses came out from 1916 on. This doctoral thesis considers the dramatic works in the corpus to characterize their plastic energy in its various dimensions, textual — literary, dramatic and dramaturgic — as well as scenographic — when the plays were actually staged at the time. A major phenomenon in the revival of Spanish drama between 1916 and 1934, synaesthesias are studied in relation to the emergence of physical theatre and corporeal mime — then mostly confined to genres categorized as pantomime or cabaret — and the birth of major dance companies in the heyday of the Silver Age. The choice of such a chronological span for the texts selected identifies a relevant time frame in matters of cultural history and aesthetics as it coincides with the arrival of the Ballets Russes in Madrid and runs until the foundation and dissolution of the Compañía de Bailes españoles by Encarnación López La Argentinita and Federico García Lorca in 1933-1934. This thesis analyses the forms and significance of synesthesias as artistic and rhythmic modes of expression. After highlighting a scientific and artistic background propitious for the emergence of synesthetic drama, it examines the achievements of playwrights R. Alberti, M. Aub, J. Bergamín, T. Borrás, F. García Lorca, R. Gómez de la Serna, M. Hernández, G. Martínez Sierra and R. del Valle-Inclán who made use of synaesthesias to work in their texts elements that would energize a revival of Spanish drama. / En el periodo de entresiglos (XIX-XX), en un panorama teatral degradado, surge en España una reacción contra el naturalismo. En un contexto de crisis de los lenguajes artísticos, despunta una serie de propuestas dramatúrgicas. Las obras de teatro seleccionadas se examinan intentando extraer de ellas la energía plástica en sus dimensiones tanto textuales como escénicas, en el caso de las obras puestas en escena en la época. Fenómeno mayor de renovación del teatro del primer tercio del siglo XX, las sinestesias se estudian en un conjunto de obras comprendido entre 1916 y 1934, en el cruce de la emergencia de un teatro del cuerpo, confinado hasta entonces a los géneros asimilados a la pantomima y a la revista, y del nacimiento de las grandes compañías de danza, en pleno apogeo de la Edad de Plata. Dicha delimitación cronológica de los textos escogidos caracteriza un intervalo temporal significativo desde el punto de vista de la historia cultural y de las problemáticas estéticas. El periodo coincide con la llegada de los Ballets Rusos a Madrid y se extiende hasta la fundación y disolución de la Compañía de Bailes españoles por Encarnación López La Argentinita y F. García Lorca en 1933-1934. La tesis analiza las formas e implicaciones de las sinestesias, recursos de expresión plásticos y rítmicos. Tras poner de relieve un contexto científico y artístico propicio para la emergencia de un teatro sinestésico, el trabajo consiste en estudiar las respuestas que propusieron los dramaturgos (R. Alberti, M. Aub, J. Bergamín, T. Borrás, F. García Lorca, R. Gómez de la Serna, M. Hernández, G. Martínez Sierra, R. del Valle-Inclán), que sacaron partido de las sinestesias para sembrar en sus textos dramáticos los elementos de una posible renovación del teatro español de su tiempo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:21:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Guilherme.pdf: 862731 bytes, checksum: d89c0c0d917c93c5d54659ab9db62192 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation offers an exegesis of Mark 4. 35 41, Jesus Stills a Storm . Towards that goal, it starts with a critical survey of the current Quest for the Historical Jesus in dialogue with Cultural History, Microhistory and Historical Psychology, with the aim of raising relevant issues pertaining mythical narratives as well as their inherent value for our historical knowledge. From the literary mapping of the Greek Magical Papyri, and from evidence stemming from Qumran s Self Glorification Hymn , as well as the Old Testament and the later rabbinical texts arise fundamental parallels that are critical for our understanding of said narrative. Thus, the exegesis of our pericope sheds light on the elements of power, fear and mythical identity present in the narrative.(AU) / Esta dissertação elabora uma exegese de Marcos 4. 35 41, Jesus Acalma uma Tempestade . Para tanto, parte da revisão crítica da pesquisa atual do Jesus Histórico em diálogo com a História Cultural, Micro-história e Psicologia Histórica, com o intuito de levantar questões pertinentes às narrativas míticas e sua importância para o saber histórico. Do mapeamento literário dos Papiros Mágicos Gregos, bem como referência ao Hino de Auto-Exaltação de Qumran, ao antigo testamento e a textos rabínicos posteriores ao Novo Testamento, emergem paralelos que são fundamentais para a compreensão da perícope analisada. Assim, a exegese do texto em questão lança luz sobre os elementos de poder, medo e identidade mítica presentes na narrativa.(AU)

Submitted by Gilvan Almeida (gilvan.almeida@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2016-09-26T14:06:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 141.pdf: 1882141 bytes, checksum: 9cb78388e19bfda67ea16ae184427211 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Barata Manoel (msbarata@coc.fiocruz.br) on 2016-10-21T14:23:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 141.pdf: 1882141 bytes, checksum: 9cb78388e19bfda67ea16ae184427211 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T14:23:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 141.pdf: 1882141 bytes, checksum: 9cb78388e19bfda67ea16ae184427211 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / João Capistrano de Abreu (1853 – 1927) viveu as grandes transformações da história do Brasil na passagem do Império à República. Não somente isto, o autor se deparou com diversas interlocuções que abriam inúmeras possibilidades quanto à disputa pela hegemonia do saber histórico. Desde a sua juventude, Capistrano circulou pelo cientificismo característico de fins do século dezenove. Na sua formação entrou em contato com autores como Henry Thomas Buckle (1821 – 1862), Hippolyte Adolphe Taine (1828 – 1893), Herbert Spencer (1820 – 1903) e Auguste Comte (1798 – 1857). Na interlocução com os autores do Velho Mundo, Capistrano tinha em mente a formação do caráter nacional, questão essencial para os intelectuais do seu tempo no jovem império brasileiro. Alguns temas que se colocaram nesses primeiros diálogos tiveram longa permanência na historiografia construída por Capistrano ao longo de sua vida, ainda que, com o passar dos anos, sofressem transformações em sua abordagem. Outras questões abraçadas pelo autor na juventude foram posteriormente descartadas na medida em que o historiador travava contato com novos autores dentro e fora do Brasil, e também com a documentação histórica. Dentre os temas que poderiam ser tomados como permanências na obra do historiador foram: a importância do elemento indígena na formação do caráter nacional, igualmente a relevância do meio físico na formação do brasileiro, a concepção da humanidade única frente à visão racialista do ser humano e a produção artística e cultural como representação da sociedade que a origina. Algum tempo após deixar a sua terra natal, o Ceará, e instalar-se na corte imperial, Capistrano entrou em contato com a vasta documentação referente ao Brasil colonial e, paralelamente, com autores ligados à história cultural e ao historicismo alemão, tais como: Leopold von Ranke (1795 – 1886), Friedrich Ratzel (1844 – 1904) e Eduard Meyer (1855 – 1930). A sua produção seria profundamente afetada por tais experiências; o que não caracterizaria, contudo, um tipo de “conversão” a novos paradigmas, posto que os temas mais caros ao estudioso e ainda as suas mais profundas crenças continuariam presentes em seus escritos. No entanto, enriquecidos e com maior sofisticação do que sob a ótica cientificista que o atraiu em sua juventude. A maneira pela qual o autor se constrói como profissional do campo da história concomitantemente com a construção da História Pátria é questão central no desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Para tal, faz-se imprescindível na análise a interlocução de Capistrano com os autores clássicos do seu tempo, sem perder de vista, contudo, o diálogo que mantinha com seus pares brasileiros, a rede de troca de documentações históricas da qual se valia em seus estudos históricos, a sua vinculação às instituições como o IHGB - Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro - e a Biblioteca Nacional, e, ainda, além das experiências pessoais que fizeram parte de seu vivido. / This paper deals with João Capistrano de Abreu (1823 – 1927), who lived at a time of many changes in Brazilian history, as it was the passage from Monarchy to Republic. Moreover, he was in touch with a great number of different dialogs, which opened many possibilities of the History he intended to do. Since his youth, Capistrano had been in contact with the subjects of the scientism of the late nineteenth century. In this period he was in touch with the production of authors as Henry Thomas Buckle (1821 – 1862), Hippolyte Taine (1828 – 1893), Herbert Spencer (1820 -1903) e Auguste Comte (1798 – 1857). In the interlocution with the authors of the Old World, Capistrano had in his mind the construction of the character of the Brazilians, with was a kind of essential question to the intellectuals of the young Brazilian Empire. Some subjects present in those firths dialogs were also present in the historiography that Capistrano constructed during his long life, albeit with different approaches over the years. On the other hand, other subjects present in the studies of his youth had been disposed along the way, as he came in contact with new authors from Brazil or from abroad, so as the contact with the documentation over the national history. Some subjects that would be taken as permanent in the work of Capistrano de Abreu were: the Brazilian Indians as essential to the construction of a national character, so as the environment for the configuration of the Brazilian society, the conception of the unity of Mankind facing to the concepts of different races and thinking the artistic and cultural production as a representation of the society in which they were conceived. After some time that he moved to the Imperial Court, he was also in touch with writers from German historicism and cultural history such as: Leopold von Ranke (1795 –1886), Friedrich Ratzel (1844 – 1904) e Eduard Meyer (1855 – 1930). Certainly his intellectual production was affected by those news experiences. However it doesn’t mean a kind of “conversion” to new paradigms, since the essential themes and the deepest principals of his early writings was preserved in his historiography at that time. Albeit, more elaborated and in a sophisticated way. The trajectory of this historian, how he made himself as a historian in parallel of his production of the history of Brazil is the central question of this paper. For that the main point was to bring light to the interlocutions of Capistrano de Abreu and some classics writers of his time. Notwithstanding, other subjects made part of the argumentation as: the dialog with the Brazilian intellectuals, the network of changing historical documents that he used in his research, his linking to institutions as IHGB – Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute - or to the National Library and also the personal experiences of his life.

Etudier la façon dont l’individu s’exprime, se raconte et s’invente dans la littérature de l’époque romantique en Russie exige la résolution du problème posé par les spécificités du champ culturel russe. D’une part, les différents processus ou moments qui ont marqué les étapes de l’individuation en Europe occidentale (Renaissance, Réforme, Lumières) ne sont apparus dans l’histoire russe que sous des formes indirectes et affaiblies. D’autre part, les confessions auriculaires, fondamentales d’après Michel Foucault pour l’autoanalyse moderne en Europe, n’ont pas eu une grande importance dans l’Église orthodoxe russe. Enfin, les pratiques « autobiographiques » et autoréflexives en Russie restent entravées par plusieurs tabous qui émanent aussi bien des milieux intellectuels et culturels que des cercles du pouvoir. Aussi, au moment où le romantisme met à l’ordre du jour partout en Europe l’expression de soi, quelles en sont les modalités chez les écrivains russes ? En l’absence de textes autobiographiques au sens rousseauiste du terme, c’est par l’exploration des nombreuses zones d’ombre de la vie littéraire où s’épanouissait l’affirmation subjective qu’il est possible de répondre à cette question, en ayant recours à la fois à des genres « reconnus » et à des genres « mineurs », et en analysant des formes littéraires plus ou moins marginales : histoires personnelles, traductions, écriture féminine, ou encore littérature russe d’expression française. L’époque romantique, de ce point de vue, n’est pas, comme on la présente souvent dans l’histoire littéraire, un moment de passage ou de transition : il s’agit au contraire d’un moment crucial pour l’affirmation de la subjectivité dans la culture russe. / In order to study how an individual expresses and invents himself in the Russian literature of the Romantic era, it is necessary to solve the problems connected with the peculiarities of the Russian cultural field. On the one hand, the various processes that were important for individualization in Western Europe (the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment) had in Russian history special, weakened forms. On the other hand, the secret confession, which, according to M. Foucault, is fundamental to the development of introspection in Europe, did not have much importance in the Russian Orthodox Church. In addition, autobiographical and autoreflexive practices are blocked in Russia by a variety of taboos, which are imposed by intellectual, cultural, and power circles. This raises the question of how Russian writers avoided all these limitations, when the author's self-expression had become extremely important in the European romantic literature. To answer to this question, we investigated various areas of literature, including peripheral: recognized and secondary genres, personal stories, translations, women's prose, texts written in French, etc. From this point of view, the romantic period is not just an epoch of transition, as it is often represented in the history of Russian literature, but the most important moment for affirming subjectivity in Russian culture.

La viole de gambe en Angleterre connaît un destin singulier, passant d’une popularité incontestable dans l’aristocratie anglaise au dix-septième siècle à un rejet d’une intensité croissante au fil du dix-huitième siècle. Les représentations de l’instrument dans des documents périphériques à la sphère musicale – lettres, poèmes, peintures – trahissent la complexité de l’imaginaire qui entoure la viole. Dans sa période faste, la viole génère simultanément des images lubriques de corps sensuel, et d’instrument noble en raison de la mélancolie supposée de son timbre. Elle est alors étroitement associée au sentiment national anglais, dont elle cristalliserait la spécificité. Cependant, sa popularité décroissante auprès de l’élite voit la prolifération d’images négatives : vieillesse et stérilité semblent désormais être l’apanage de la viole, que l’on met également à distance idéologiquement comme instrument étranger. La viole réapparaît dans la deuxième moitié du dix-huitième siècle au moment où le culte de la sensibilité se développe : brièvement, son archaïsme et son timbre unique donnent voix à l’individu et ses émotions. La viole, dans le paradigme cyclique de la Renaissance tout comme dans le paradigme linéaire et discursif des Lumières, parvient à s’incarner selon des modalités esthétiques et idéologiques très différentes dans l’imaginaire anglais / In England, the viola da gamba has a singular destiny, from an incontestable popularity with the aristocracy in the seventeenth century to a rejection of increasing intensity over the eighteenth century. The representations of the instrument in documents peripheral to the musical sphere, such as letters, poems or paintings, reveal the complexity of the imaginaire surrounding the instrument. Although, in prosperous times, the viol conjures up lewd images of a sensual body, it is simultaneously associated with ideals of nobility through the supposed melancholy of its tone. At that period, it is also felt to be closely connected to the English national identity, whose specificity it appears to crystallise. However, its dwindling popularity with the elite leads to the proliferation of negative images. Senescence and sterility are increasingly associated with the viol, while ideologically, the instrument is spurned as non- English. The brief resurgence of the viol in the second half of the eighteenth century is brought on by the development of the cult of sensibility. Individual emotions are voiced through its perceived archaism and unique tone. The viola da gamba, both in the circular paradigm of the Renaissance, and in the linear and discursive paradigm of the Enlightenment, successfully embodies contrasting aesthetic and ideological imaginaires

Esta dissertação de História tem por objetivo demonstrar a estreita relação existente entre a crise da VARIG e a mudança de paradigma do governo brasileiro com relação à aviação civil e, conseqüentemente, com relação às empresas nacionais de aviação, a partir da década de 1980, através da adoção dos preceitos neoliberais que marcaram a desregulamentação da aviação civil no mercado doméstico norte-americano. Desta forma, a partir do momento que o Estado brasileiro passou oficialmente a adotar políticas para o mercado da aviação, cujas diretrizes foram traçadas nos Estados Unidos da América, foi possível associar o estudo da história da aviação n acional à história da política governamental no que tange às suas relações com a política internacional, levando-nos a traçar um paralelo entre a política externa brasileira e a política externa dos EUA, tal a grande influência deste país no desenvolvimento da aviação civil no Brasil, principalmente após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, até as mudanças neoliberais das últimas décadas. Pôde-se, assim, observar em que grau a política externa norte-americana conseguiu influenciar a evolução da aviação no Brasil, em função da maior ou menor autonomia dos diversos governos brasileiros a esta política específica. Para demonstrar a relação existente entre a crise da VARIG e esta mudança de paradigma, foi necessário estudar os aspectos relacionais externos da empresa, o quanto o lema VARIG Grande se atrelava à política econômica de um BRASIL Grande, concebido durante o chamado Milagre Brasileiro, isto é, o quanto sua política empresarial esteve associada à política nacional- desenvolvimentista do Estado, que ao entrar em crise desestabilizou a histórica estratégia da VARIG, principalmente após a década de 1990, quando os espaços de interlocução entre a burocracia estatal e as empresas privadas se reduziram ao extremo. No caso da VARIG, foi preciso também analisar os seus aspectos relacionais internos, construídos ao longo de seus mais de oitenta anos de história, com práticas institucionais bastante próximas às das em presas estatais. Na conclusão, será demonstrada a co-responsabilidade do Estado na formação, no crescimento, no início da crise e na intensificação do processo de queda da empresa , através de atuações determinantes, em momentos diferentes da história do país.

This study examines an important eighteenth-century French querelle about literary education which has so far gone unacknowledged by scholars as a querelle and which, I argue, helped redefine contemporary notions of littérature. This querelle is the series of disputes about how to reform literary education in the collèges, which gathered momentum in the early 1760s, following the expulsion of the Jesuits and the publication of Rousseau's Émile (1762). I propose that we call this querelle the Querelle des collèges. Using a combination of close reading, sociological methodologies, and scholarly approaches to the study of early modern querelles, I examine how a diverse corpus of texts debated how to reform collège literary teaching practices. By resituating Émile in this context, I show that it was one among many interventions in the Querelle des collèges. My study of this Querelle demonstrates that querelleurs increasingly reached a consensus that practices associated with the disciplines of rhétorique and belles-lettres should be replaced by new practices of littérature, which were intended to turn boys into French 'grands hommes'. This Querelle was not only constituted by texts, but also by pedagogical practices, as evidenced by the results of my original archival research into the literary teaching practices of the École royale militaire, founded in 1751. Finally, my analysis situates the Querelle des collèges in the context of broader eighteenth-century debates about education, which I argue should be understood as the Querelle de l'éducation, and I provide the first corpus of this Querelle. This thesis challenges scholarly claims that littérature is a nineteenth-century invention. It argues, instead, that modern notions of littérature as 'an aesthetically pleasing, valued text', and 'a national canon', which began to appear in the late seventeenth century, were stabilised and legitimised by being written into the school discipline of littérature, which emerged between 1750 and the Revolution, in the context of the Querelle des collèges.

The thesis investigates anxieties about urban life in late Victorian and Edwardian culture, and examines emotional responses to urbanisation, industrialisation and modernity at this high point of urban growth and rural-urban migration: one that marked Britain’s decisive breakthrough to a largely and permanently urbanised society. During the period, earlier nineteenth-century tropes of the ‘shock’ of the city, and anxieties surrounding rapid early urbanisation and industrialisation, began to recede. But from the 1880s onwards, as life in industrial cities came to be regarded as the norm, new anxieties came to the fore: concerns that related to the very pervasiveness and inescapability of urban life. I argue that the historically unprecedented growth in the size of cities placed enormous strain upon conceptions of the individual in modern society: the impulse to conceive of mass urban society in the abstract was in constant tension with a new, modernistic awareness of the essential humanity of each individual. The research utilises insights from the recent ‘emotional turn’ within the humanities, which is more sensitive to psychological factors in cultural practices and social processes; and brings this historiographical turn to bear on attitudes towards the city. An emotional approach enables both a deeper and subtler exploration of high cultural responses, and the extension of the range of sources and actors beyond ‘ideas’ and ‘intellectuals’. The thesis integrates a wide range of sources: literature, art, the writings of urban planners and social commentators, medical writings, working-class autobiographical writing, and oral history transcripts. Such an approach reveals the common emotional impulses and shared structures of feeling behind a diverse range of responses to the urban environment, and provides a deeper understanding of contemporary emotional life. It thus illuminates the ways in which individuals, societies and culture react to the complexities of modernity, and provides insights into the relationship between social transformation and emotional experience.