All over the world researches of youth life, value orientation, attitudes are important because at that time main social person psyche changes happen, which results are important for all his further life.To learn in vocational schools, which has specific features due to meaning of vocational training, the young people gather from different regions (rural and urban). According to research, in vocational school most of pupils are from rural, so their behaviour, habits, interests and intercourse with urban pupils have its peculiarity. Although at present lithuanian scientists are interested in youth life, culture, but in their works there is still not much attention to vocational schools. There schools’ system is located in both urban and rural territory, that is why children identification is important (sex, age, social group ). From here comes the problem of our research. While trying to signify not conflict interaction among urban and rural pupils educational environment of vocational school, it is necessary to identify possibilities, which have influence on these cultures’ expression, which is multicultural. The goal of research is to do the survey of urban and rural cultural conflict possibilities in vocational school and provide the dimensions in preventive program. For realizing the goal, the work had these tasks, it is based theoretically urban and rural cultures conflict main point and preconditions for multicultural interaction in vocational school, to do an empirical... [to full text]

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Rosiane Dias Mota - 2016.pdf: 11660205 bytes, checksum: bbd0a0b4d2b5b2141e4a6dbe5ab02a29 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Kalunga Quilombo Community, located in the Historic and Heritage Site of the Kalunga SHPC, in the north and northeast regions of the state of Goias, Brazil, consists of a rural community. This is a community facing an undeveloped condition living on the margins of society which has its history and identity mostly described and reported by government agencies and by other institutions in general. Kalunga people usually used to have their way of life and territorial identity built from within based on a collective self-view and perceptions, permeated by different cultural practices associated with popular Catholicism. However, in recent decades this community has faced an evangelization process led by Protestant agents. Their actions initially sporadic became increasingly recurrent resulting in the opening of Protestant Churches within the limits of the Kalunga territory. By taking into account these factors and context, the main approach of this thesis is a critical reading of an expanding Protestantism over a traditional community; an analysis to be done within the perspective of the Geography. Issues addressed by this study are related to religious discourses, identity conflicts, the reinterpretation of cultural practices, among other things that involve the local culture and territorial identity of the Kalunga. It has as a general objective to analyze the influence of the Protestantism on the Kalunga Community with special attention given to the production of the sacredness of the Protestant space, as well as the reframing and the new meanings of the territorial identity and practices of converted Kalunga, and the cultural landscape as perceived by the Quilombo dwellers. The proposal is to investigate the new set territorial relations by under-positioned Kalunga after the incursions of the Protestant Church and the religious speeches made by the preachers, and the way the Quilombo discourse reframes the community territorial identities. As part of the study, it was chosen ‘space’, ‘territory’ and ‘landscape’ as categories. The methodology was split into method and methodological tools. The chosen method permeated the cultural geography in densifying spiritualist approach as presented by Andreotti (2002; 2003). Literature review and field research were the methodological tools. For assessing the data, it was used discourse analysis based on Orlandi (2005), Foucault (1986, 1996 and 1999), Fernandes (2005), and Possenti (2002). And as part of the procedures, it was offered insights on the relation between religion and the geographical categories: living space, territory, territoriality, territorial identities, and cultural landscape. A historical analysis on the spread of Christianity, including in Brazil, as well how this religion reached the traditional communities. A reading ofthe Kalunga way of life and on how the religious discourse propitiated a reinterpretation of its territorial practices and identities, as well as of its cultural landscapes is part of this investigation. This study was the identification ofnew forms of territorial relations established in the Kalunga site with the introduction and spread of Protestantism. The converted Kalunga feel themselves much closer to outsiders due to common religious bonds, to social benefits, and to spiritual aspects and experiences, and yet, conversely, in reason of conflicting ideas evolved from religious discourses, the converted Kalunga experienced blinking periods of strong and weak bonds with non-converted Kalunga. Yet, it was found that the Quilombo community converted to Protestantism has reframed the structures of its beliefs according to new dogmas and religious creeds as discursively conformed. / A Comunidade Quilombola Kalunga, situada no Sítio Histórico e Patrimônio Cultural Kalunga – SHPC, regiões norte e nordeste do estado de Goiás, consiste em uma comunidade rural. Trata-se de um povo em uma condição subalterna, os quais vivem às margens da sociedade, e possuem sua história e identidade descritas por meio de narrativas oficiais de órgãos governamentais e instituições de modo em geral. Contudo, esse povo tem seu modo de vida e sua identidade territorial construídos dentro de um imaginário coletivo, permeado por distintas práticas culturais associadas ao catolicismo popular. Nas últimas décadas essa comunidade passou a ser evangelizada por agentes protestantes. As ações destes, inicialmente esporádicas, se tornaram cada vez mais frequentes, isso culminou na abertura de Igrejas Protestantes nos limites do território Kalunga. Neste contexto, a temática principal desta tese está relacionada a uma leitura geográfica sobre o protestantismo e essa comunidade tradicional. São abordadas questões voltadas para os discursos religiosos, os conflitos identitários, a ressignificação de práticas culturais, entre outras que envolvem a cultura local e a identidade territorial Kalunga. Tem-se como objetivos gerais analisar a influência do protestantismo na Comunidade Quilombola Kalunga, ressaltando a produção da sacralidade do espaço protestante, da ressignificação de práticas territoriais e identitárias do Kalunga convertido, e da paisagem cultural lida pelo quilombola. Assim como também se propôs a investigar as novas relações territoriais estabelecidas pelo Kalunga subalterno após a entrada da Igreja Protestante frente aos discursos religiosos proferidos pelos pastores, e de que forma o discurso do quilombola retrata a ressignificação de suas identidades territoriais. Escolheu-se como categorias espaço, território e paisagem. Dividiu-se a metodologia em método e instrumentos metodológicos. O método escolhido permeou a abordagem da geografia cultural adensando na espiritualista apresentada por Andreotti (2002, 2003). Utilizou-se como instrumentos metodológicos a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo. No tratamento dos dados realizouse a análise dos discursos com base em Orlandi (2005), Foucault (1986, 1996, e 1999), Fernandes (2005), e Possenti (2002). E, como procedimentos uma reflexão sobre a relação da religião com as categorias geográficas: espaço vivido, território, territorialidades, identidades territoriais, e paisagem cultural. Uma análise histórica é feita sobre a expansão do cristianismo, inclusive no território brasileiro e como essa religião atingiu as comunidades tradicionais. Uma leitura do modo de vida Kalunga e de que forma o discurso religioso proporciona uma ressignificação das suas práticas territoriais e identitárias, e de suas paisagens culturais, é também concernente a este estudo. Com este estudo houve a identificação de novas formas de relações territoriais estabelecidas no Sítio após a entrada do Protestantismo. O Kalunga convertido se aproxima com o “de fora” por causa da identificação religiosa, dos benefícios sociais, de aspectos e experiências espirituais, e ora se aproxima, ora se distancia dos “de dentro” por causa dos conflitos de ideias gerados pelos discursos religiosos. Verificou-se, ainda, que o Quilombola ao se converter ao Protestantismo ressignifica as estruturas de suas crenças de acordo com os novos dogmas e doutrinas religiosas apreendidos discursivamente.

Recent literature state that the relationship between buyers and sellers has gained more and more importance in business-to-business segments. The distribution of products may even end up in the shadow of these important relationships. The statement, of increased need for relationship marketing, is proven more tangible in cross-border interactions and communications. Managers who are maintaining and establishing international accounts have to acknowledge cultural differences, norms and preferences when keeping their international key accounts satisfaction. However, the practice around how cultural diversity implement the relationship process is something that could be further explored. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explore cultural conflicts and dilemmas in manager’s relations with international key accounts.The thesis has a phenomenological approach, which aims at exploring personal business experiences of managers in practice. Thus, the aim is not to make general assumptions about either KAM, RM or business culture. The thesis is developed through five separate interviews with managers of different gender, practice and targeted customer culture. We mainly used Hofstede's (2017) framework when analyzing and discussing the implication of business culture on international relationships. Several strategies, both personal and business oriented, where noticed as a result of international and intercultural business collaborations. The result shows how complex the subject of business culture is and how limitations of managing cultural diversity can lead to conflicts and dilemmas.

This thesis demonstrates a comparative and analytic discussion of citizenship idea based on two distinct liberal doctrines of two contemporary political philosophers: Brian Barry and William Galston. Barry's egalitarian liberalism argues for 'common citizenship' notion in order to promote liberty and equal treatment of all individuals irrespective of any social differences. On the other hand, 'liberal pluralist citizenship' of William Galston's signifies his liberal pluralism to mitigate cultural and religious conflicts of liberal democratic society. The fundamental disagreements among these liberal approaches over the issues of public recognition of group rights and restricted state authority are analysed in this study. Finally, by analysing both the liberal positions under the challenge of multicultural issues the author defends Galston's liberal idea and judges it as more convincing than Barry's liberal approach.

In our increasingly complex and interactive world, it becomes ever more difficult to isolate and map the cultural identity of any given region, as bounded and contained cultural places have become a rare occurrence. To further complicate the matter, perspectives, loyalties, and identities shift with time, and appear to shift with circumstance. While cultural conflict per se was not the subject of this study, the ability to quantify differing cultural profiles in one location relative to another may be the beginning of the development of a tool for assessing degrees of difference in neighboring regions, and thus diagnosing the potential for conflict escalation. The Compass System, a holistic model that uses eight archetypal categories to observe and evaluate complex systems, was used for this study. In this exploratory study, 33 restaurants in 5 cities in Chile were rated in these eight categories as perceived by a team of outsider observers. The predominant qualities of each city sampled, determined solely from the sampling of its restaurants, did match, in a general sense, qualities of the city that were otherwise observable. This matching indicates that a tool such as the Compass System can be used to gather a collective regional profile from small sampling, such as an area’s restaurants. Potential uses for further research and development could include conflict management and assessing risk for social instability or escalation of violence.

A Estação Ecológica de Juréia -Itatins (EEJI) é uma unidade de conservação de Proteção Integral. Tal categoria objetiva a preservação da natureza e a realização de pesquisas científicas, sendo a visitação pública consentida apenas quando destinada a atividades educacionais. Embora a lei proíba a ocupação humana no interior das Estações Ecológicas, a EEJI já comportava residentes no ato de sua criação em 1986, que em 1991 totalizavam 1531 pessoas. Conseqüentemente, a EEJI apresenta conflitos sociais decorrentes das restrições provenientes da política ambiental que passou a fazer parte da vida desses moradores. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação de mestrado quer verificar se há correlação entre a existência desses conflitos e as diferentes percepções ambientais de cinco grupos sócio -culturais envolvidos na gestão ambiental deste território comum, quais sejam: (i) os funcionários da administração, (ii) os guarda-parques, (iii) as entidades da sociedade civil organizada, (iv) os pesquisadores e (v) os moradores. Por intermédio de entrevistas de questões abertas e de observações indiretas feitas em campo sobre as relações humanas e suas interações com o espaço, analisaram-se os significados, as atitudes e as valorações desses grupos diante do ambiente natural e construído da EEJI e identificaram-se as suas expectativas em relação à gestão ambiental desta unidade de conservação. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que as diferentes percepções ambientais de fato estão atreladas aos conflitos, mas também destacaram vários pontos de convergência nessas alteridades perceptivas. Há abertura a uma gestão mais democrática que concilie a conservação das riquezas naturais e culturais da Estação. Existe a percepção de que a centralização do poder nas mãos do Órgão Público responsável pela EEJI apresenta uma maior probabilidade de ocorrência de conflitos. A ordem inversa, que contemple e conheça as dinâmicas sociais e ambientais do lugar e que assegure a participação dos grupos envolvidos, é reconhecida pelos entrevistados como um caminho mais eficaz e justo para a resolução desses impasses. Nesse sentido, o estudo de percepção ambiental, mostra-se como uma importante ferramenta política, uma vez que revela e contextualiza a realidade local, fornecendo subsídios ao planejamento e à gestão, evitando ou minimizando os conflitos provenientes de ações incoerentes com as realidades. Conceitos geográficos como espaço, paisagem, território e lugar amparam as discussões realizadas neste estudo. / The Estação Ecológica de Juréia-Itatins (EEJI) is a fully protected conservation unit. Such category aims to preserve nature and the fulfillment of scientific researches, being public visitation consented only for educational purposes. In spite of the fact that the law prohibits human occupation in such units, when EEJI was set up in 1986 it already had some residents, summing up to 1,531 people in 1991. Consequently the EEJI presents social conflicts as a result of the restrictions proceeding from the environmental policy which started to integrate the life of those people. In this context, this master essay wants to verify if there is a correlation between the existence of these conflicts and the different environmental perceptions of the five socio-cultural groups involved in the environmental management of this commonplace territory, known as: (i) the administration staff, (ii) park keepers , (iii) the entities of the organized civilian society, (iv) the researchers, and (v) the residents. Through open questioning interviews and indirect observations made in the field about the human relations and their interactions with the space, an analysis was made of the meanings, the attitudes and the value judgments of these groups concerning both the natural and constructed environments in the EEJI. Their expectations in relation to the environmental management of this conservation unit were also identified. The results of this research not only indicated that the different environmental perceptions are in fact bound by the conflicts but also pointed out several convergence points in these perceptual alterities. There is openness to a more democratic management that conciliates the conservation of natural and cultural wealth of the EEJI. There is the perception that the power concentrated in the hands of the Governmental Department responsible for EEJI presents a greater chance of conflicts taking place. The reverse order, that contemplates and knows the social and environmental dynamics of the place and that assures the participation of the groups involved is recognized by the interviewees as a fairer and more efficient way of settling the impasse. In this sense, the study of the environmental perception shows itself as an important political tool, once it reveals and contextualizes the local reality, supplying subsidies to the planning and managing, avoiding or minimizing the conflicts that arise from the incoherent actions taken. Geographical concepts of space, landscape, territory and place support the arguments accomplished in this study.

The phenomenon under investigation in this study was the experience of having an Asian identity while in a U.S. counseling psychology graduate/professional-training context. Using a qualitative methodology involving 12 participants, descriptive phenomenological analysis of in-depth interview data illuminated five structures which comprise the essence of the phenomenon. These essential structures include: Need to negotiate or cope with cultural value conflicts, Feeling subtle effects of marginalization, Navigating through unique dynamics in working with ethnically-similar clients, Understanding the strengths afforded by Asian identity, and Desire for increased assistance in the integration of cultural and professional identities. These findings suggest that Asian identity within the context of U.S. counseling psychology professional-training can, at times, be a source of struggle as well as a strength/asset. Recommendations to training programs include suggestions for providing resources that increase the empowering aspects related to Asian identity and reduce any hindering effects. Recommendations to supervisors include suggestions to spend more time discussing how Asian trainees' ethnic/cultural identity may impact their work with clients.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:18:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosangela Medeiros da Luz - Dissertacao.pdf: 676428 bytes, checksum: 6b62a6a73227c08e754959c0074ce089 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-13 / This ethnographic research sought to identify and understand how English language learners in a higher technology course in the business field attributed cultural meanings to the English language and its teaching and learning, and investigated how these cultural meanings interfered with the classroom dynamics. Some examples of this interference could be seen in the resistance of students towards the language taught, on the various forms of social interaction in the group during class, and in the resistance towards the methodology adopted by the teacher in the classroom, since there were comments from students about "ideal model / methodology for teaching foreign language (FL). This study took the form of participant observation, in which behavior, communication, actions and / or events of learners in the English classroom were observed and recorded and analyzed in order to identify the cultural domains, through the analysis of semantic relationship offered by Spradley (1980), and thus reveal the cultural meanings to such attitudes and behaviors, those cultural explanations have been built on the foundation of the emic principle, common in ethnographic studies. Through the analysis we realized that there were different cultural understandings about what was learning to the teacher and to her students. These cultural differences resulted in conflicts about the expectations regarding to the roles that these participants should take in the foreign language classroom, while the teacher envisioned an autonomous and active student, the students, on their turn, presented themselves as free of charge from this complex process of learning a FL, since, attributed this responsibility to others. As most of the problems, which arose in this investigated context, were related to cultural conflicts, especially the ones regarding the culture of teaching and learning the English language, we discussed the importance of an intercultural approach in the teaching practice of EFL teachers so they can mediate this mix of culture that can take place in the classroom. In order to achieve that, we reflected on the ethnorelativism stance, suggested by the model DIMS from Bennett (1993), and on the roles of teachers and students presented by Santos (2004). Finally, this study sought to reveal the cultural factors, that even in an invisible dimension, impel the dynamics of the classroom, in other words, we attempted to unravel what underlies teaching and learning of the English language in that investigated context. / Nesta pesquisa de base etnográfica buscou-se identificar e compreender como os aprendizes de língua inglesa (LI) de um curso superior tecnológico na área de negócios atribuíam significados culturais à LI e ao seu ensino e aprendizagem, além de investigar como esses significados culturais interferiam na dinâmica da sala de aula. Exemplos desta interferência puderam ser vistos na resistência dos alunos em relação à língua ensinada, nas várias formas de interação social no grupo durante as aulas e na resistência à metodologia adotada pela professora em sala de aula, uma vez que ocorreram comentários dos alunos sobre o modelo/metodologia ideal de ensino de língua estrangeira (LE). Este estudo se deu sob a forma de observação participante, no qual o comportamento, a comunicação, as ações e/ou os eventos destes aprendizes dentro da sala de aula de inglês foram observados e registrados e analisados, de forma a identificar os domínios culturais, por meio das análises de relações semânticas oferecidas por Spradley (1980), e assim, desvendar os significados culturais para tais atitudes e comportamentos; essas explicações culturais foram construídas sobre o alicerce do principio êmico, comum nos estudos etnográficos. Por meio das análises percebemos que havia diferentes compreensões culturais sobre o que é aprender para a professora e para seus alunos. Essas divergências culturas resultaram em conflitos nas expectativas em relação aos papeis que esses participantes deveriam assumir na sala de aula de língua estrangeira, enquanto a professora idealizava um aluno autônomo e ativo, o aprendiz, por sua vez, apresentava-se como isento de responsável por esse complexo processo de aprendizagem de uma LE, visto que, atribuíam essa responsabilidade a outrem. Como muito dos problemas que surgiram nesse contexto investigado estavam relacionados aos conflitos culturais, especialmente no que se refere à cultura de ensino e aprendizado da LI, discutimos a importância de uma abordagem intercultural na prática pedagógica dos professores de LE para que eles possam mediar essa mescla de cultura que é a sala de aula. Com esse intuito, refletimos sobre a postura etnorrelativista, sugerida pelo modelo DIMS de Bennett (1993), e sobre os papeis de professores e alunos apresentados em Santos (2004). Enfim, este trabalho buscou revelar os fatores culturais, que mesmo em uma dimensão invisível, impelem a dinâmica da sala de aula, ou seja, tentou-se desvendar o que subjaz ao ensino e aprendizado da LI naquele contexto investigado.

A Estação Ecológica de Juréia -Itatins (EEJI) é uma unidade de conservação de Proteção Integral. Tal categoria objetiva a preservação da natureza e a realização de pesquisas científicas, sendo a visitação pública consentida apenas quando destinada a atividades educacionais. Embora a lei proíba a ocupação humana no interior das Estações Ecológicas, a EEJI já comportava residentes no ato de sua criação em 1986, que em 1991 totalizavam 1531 pessoas. Conseqüentemente, a EEJI apresenta conflitos sociais decorrentes das restrições provenientes da política ambiental que passou a fazer parte da vida desses moradores. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação de mestrado quer verificar se há correlação entre a existência desses conflitos e as diferentes percepções ambientais de cinco grupos sócio -culturais envolvidos na gestão ambiental deste território comum, quais sejam: (i) os funcionários da administração, (ii) os guarda-parques, (iii) as entidades da sociedade civil organizada, (iv) os pesquisadores e (v) os moradores. Por intermédio de entrevistas de questões abertas e de observações indiretas feitas em campo sobre as relações humanas e suas interações com o espaço, analisaram-se os significados, as atitudes e as valorações desses grupos diante do ambiente natural e construído da EEJI e identificaram-se as suas expectativas em relação à gestão ambiental desta unidade de conservação. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que as diferentes percepções ambientais de fato estão atreladas aos conflitos, mas também destacaram vários pontos de convergência nessas alteridades perceptivas. Há abertura a uma gestão mais democrática que concilie a conservação das riquezas naturais e culturais da Estação. Existe a percepção de que a centralização do poder nas mãos do Órgão Público responsável pela EEJI apresenta uma maior probabilidade de ocorrência de conflitos. A ordem inversa, que contemple e conheça as dinâmicas sociais e ambientais do lugar e que assegure a participação dos grupos envolvidos, é reconhecida pelos entrevistados como um caminho mais eficaz e justo para a resolução desses impasses. Nesse sentido, o estudo de percepção ambiental, mostra-se como uma importante ferramenta política, uma vez que revela e contextualiza a realidade local, fornecendo subsídios ao planejamento e à gestão, evitando ou minimizando os conflitos provenientes de ações incoerentes com as realidades. Conceitos geográficos como espaço, paisagem, território e lugar amparam as discussões realizadas neste estudo. / The Estação Ecológica de Juréia-Itatins (EEJI) is a fully protected conservation unit. Such category aims to preserve nature and the fulfillment of scientific researches, being public visitation consented only for educational purposes. In spite of the fact that the law prohibits human occupation in such units, when EEJI was set up in 1986 it already had some residents, summing up to 1,531 people in 1991. Consequently the EEJI presents social conflicts as a result of the restrictions proceeding from the environmental policy which started to integrate the life of those people. In this context, this master essay wants to verify if there is a correlation between the existence of these conflicts and the different environmental perceptions of the five socio-cultural groups involved in the environmental management of this commonplace territory, known as: (i) the administration staff, (ii) park keepers , (iii) the entities of the organized civilian society, (iv) the researchers, and (v) the residents. Through open questioning interviews and indirect observations made in the field about the human relations and their interactions with the space, an analysis was made of the meanings, the attitudes and the value judgments of these groups concerning both the natural and constructed environments in the EEJI. Their expectations in relation to the environmental management of this conservation unit were also identified. The results of this research not only indicated that the different environmental perceptions are in fact bound by the conflicts but also pointed out several convergence points in these perceptual alterities. There is openness to a more democratic management that conciliates the conservation of natural and cultural wealth of the EEJI. There is the perception that the power concentrated in the hands of the Governmental Department responsible for EEJI presents a greater chance of conflicts taking place. The reverse order, that contemplates and knows the social and environmental dynamics of the place and that assures the participation of the groups involved is recognized by the interviewees as a fairer and more efficient way of settling the impasse. In this sense, the study of the environmental perception shows itself as an important political tool, once it reveals and contextualizes the local reality, supplying subsidies to the planning and managing, avoiding or minimizing the conflicts that arise from the incoherent actions taken. Geographical concepts of space, landscape, territory and place support the arguments accomplished in this study.

Cette étude propose de questionner les correspondances entre l’architecture apparente ou non des premiers romans de Marcel Aymé (1902-1967) et la présence des nombreux « faits d’oralité » à l’œuvre ou mis en œuvre. L’approche ethnocritique de ces récits permet de croiser une poétique du romanesque et une anthropologie du symbolique. Nous nous appuyons tout d’abord sur la théorie du « roman parlant » liée à l’entre-deux guerres, période même de l’arrivée de Marcel Aymé dans le champ littéraire. Nous cartographions ensuite la présence et la conscience de la raison graphique en observant les jeux et enjeux d’une écriture composite. En effet, nous percevons à la fois les échos intertextuels avec la littérature classique mais aussi un intérêt pour d’autres formes de langages littéraires et cinématographiques. L’attention particulière à la voix narrative, le recours au burlesque et à l’ironie participent à la compréhension des choix esthétiques du jeune romancier et au style culturel de ces romans. Au centre de cette analyse, les personnages sont interrogés dans leur quête d’identité et dans leurs façons d’être en prise avec des systèmes étatiques et sociaux qui se concrétisent en particulier dans l’état-civil. Le rapport à l’image et la puissance de la numératie complètent la dynamique complexe de cette recherche identitaire. Voix publiques ou privées, singulières ou collectives, sonnantes ou dissonantes se font entendre dans la narration et sont examinées alors comme témoins des tensions culturelles internes aux communautés représentées. Une dernière partie lit les belligérances et/ ou les coalescences de l’habitus littératien et des oralités vivaces telles qu’elles apparaissent dans les romans de notre corpus (Brûlebois, Aller retour, La Table-aux-Crevés). Cette étude se veut aussi ouverte sur le monde ayméen dans son ensemble, attentive aux passerelles entre toutes les publications de l’auteur des articles de presse aux pièces de théâtre. / This study proposes to examine the relationship between the visible or non-visible structure of the first novels by Marcel Aymé (1902-1967) and the presence of numerous aspects of orality in the novels. An ethnocritical approach to these narratives makes it possible to combine a poetics of the novel with an anthropology of symbols. We base our study first of all on a theory of the “talking novel” (“roman parlant”) related to the period between the two world wars, which corresponds to the period when Marcel Aymé began publishing his work. Then we trace the presence and awareness of writing (as opposed to orality) through an examination of the stylistic effects of what could be called a composite form of writing and the role of these effects in the overall strategy of the author. In effect, we perceive intertextual echoes of the classics but also an interest in new forms of literary and cinematographic expression. The particular attention to narrative voice, but also the presence of the burlesque and of irony, are elements that help one to understand the aesthetic choices of the young author and the cultural style of his novels. In the central part of this analysis the characters are studied in the perspective of their search for identity and of their way of coming to terms with the public and social systems with which they are confronted through events involving their civil status (marriage, death, etc.). Their relationship with the image and power of numeracy is another important dimension of the complex dynamics of this search for identity. The voices that one hears in the narration, public or private, individual or collective, consensual or dissenting, are examined for the clues they yield concerning the cultural tensions present within the communities represented in the novels. The last part of the thesis examines the conflict and convergence between literacy as a “habitus” and the living traces of orality as they appear in the novels of the corpus (Brûlebois, Aller retour, La Table-aux-Crevés). This study also aims at being open to the world of Marcel Aymé as a whole and at being attentive to the interrelations between all the publications of the author, including his newspaper articles and his plays.