En octobre 2005, l’assemblée générale de l’UNESCO adoptait la Déclaration universelle sur la bioéthique et les droits de l’Homme. Le projet de cette déclaration a été élaboré par le Comité international de bioéthique (CIB) en consultation avec le Comité intergouvernemental de bioéthique (CIGB), les États membres, le comité interagences des Nations Unies, des organisations gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, des comités nationaux d’éthiques et de multiples acteurs impliqués en bioéthique. Cette déclaration faisait suite à deux autres textes sur le même sujet produits en 1997 et 2003, la Déclaration sur le génome humain et les droits de l’homme et la Déclaration internationale sur les données génétiques humaines. Les nouvelles questions éthiques que suscitaient les développements scientifiques et technologiques ainsi que la mondialisation de la recherche avaient incité cette organisation à se doter d’instruments normatifs pouvant rejoindre toutes les nations. Seule organisation mondiale ayant une vocation spécifique en éthique, l’UNESCO a voulu par cette dernière déclaration fournir à ses États membres un cadre normatif susceptible de les aider à formuler des lois et des lignes directrices. Ayant été impliquée, à titre de présidente du Comité international de bioéthique dans la préparation de cet instrument nous nous sommes posée la question suivante : Dans un contexte de mondialisation, une bioéthique qui vise le bien commun universel est-elle possible au sein de la diversité et de la pluralité culturelle des nations ? L’exemple de l’élaboration de la déclaration universelle sur la bioéthique et les droits de l’homme de l’UNESCO. Le bien commun étant un concept fréquemment mentionné et à peu près jamais défini clairement, il nous a semblé intéressant d’en retracer l’histoire et de dégager un cadre conceptuel qui a ensuite servi à étudier et dégager le sens donné à ces concepts dans la préparation de la déclaration. Un premier chapitre présente le contexte et la problématique. Le deuxième chapitre présente la revue de la littérature et la définition des concepts ainsi que le cadre conceptuel. Le troisième chapitre présente le cadre théorique et les données analysées et la méthodologie. Le quatrième chapitre présente l’analyse détaillée des différentes étapes de l’élaboration de la déclaration. Le cinquième chapitre présente la portée et les limites de la thèse et le cinquième chapitre la conclusion. Nous concluons que la déclaration en ayant utilisé une méthode de consultation, de délibération et de consensus pragmatique, offre un texte avec une vision d’un bien commun universel susceptible d’être utilisé dans tous les contextes culturels et par toutes les nations, spécialement les nations en développement. En effet, son architecture flexible et son souci de ne pas catégoriser les principes, mais plutôt de les utiliser en complémentarité les uns avec les autres, en fait un texte souple et adaptable au plan mondial. Ce travail pourra aussi contribuer à enrichir la réflexion et l’action des organisations internationales impliquées en bioéthique. Il pourra aussi inspirer les recherches actuelles en sciences politiques et en droit alors que sont explorés de nouveaux modèles de gouvernance et de nouvelles façons de construire les législations et les normes et de faire face aux défis actuels qui se posent aux droits de l’homme. / In October 2005 the General Assembly of UNESCO adopted the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. This declaration was produced by the International Bioethics Committee in consultation with the Intergovernmental Bioethics Committee, Member States, Interagency Committee of the United Nations, governmental and non governmental organisations, national bioethics committees and many actors involved in bioethics. This declaration had been preceded by two other declarations adopted in 1997 and 2003: The Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights and the International Declaration on Human Genetic Data. The ethical questions posed by the scientific and technological developments and globalization had prompted the organization to prepare normative instruments susceptible of being endorsed and used by all nations, especially developing ones. Being the only global organization with a specific mandate in ethics UNESCO wanted to give its Member States a normative framework that could help them in the formulation of their legislations and guidelines. Having been involved in that process as the Chair of the International Bioethics Committee, we asked ourselves this question: In the context of globalization, is it possible to have a bioethics based on a universal common good vision that could take into account cultural diversity and pluralism? The example of the elaboration of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights? Common good is a concept that is often mentioned without any specific definition. It appeared to us that it would be interesting to trace back its history and conception and to develop a conceptual framework that would serve after to study and find the meaning given to its basic concepts in the elaboration of the declaration. The first chapter of this work present the context and the problematic. The second chapter present a review of the literature, and the conceptual framework. The third chapter presents the theoretical perspective, the methodology and the data that have been analysed. The fourth chapter offers a detailed analysis of the different steps and the different versions of the declaration by looking at what was said about the concepts included in the conceptual framework. The fifth chapter presents the scope and the limits of the declaration and the sixth chapter offers a conclusion. We conclude that the declaration in going through a process of deliberation, consultation and pragmatic consensus offers a text that presents a renewed universal vision of the common good susceptible to take into account cultural diversity and pluralism, thus offering an instrument that can be used by all nations in different contexts its text being flexible and adaptable at the global level. That declaration offers a general framework of principles able to be used by all nations, specially the developing ones, in a globalized context because its flexible architecture and its willingness to not categorize the principles but to use them complementarily, presents us with a text that can be adaptable at the global level. This work will contribute to the enrichment of the thinking of international organizations involved in bioethics. It will also provide some ideas to the researchers in political sciences and laws when they are looking at new models of governance and at new ways of building legislations and norms, or at ways of facing human rights new challenges.

La présente thèse explore l’impact des différences culturelles au travail sur l’intégration et la santé des travailleurs étrangers. Les différences culturelles sont évaluées selon le concept de distance culturelle entre les dimensions culturelles identifiées par Hofstede, l’intégration selon le concept d’acculturation, et la santé selon le concept de santé psychologique au travail. Les ressources personnelles des immigrants (proactivité, optimisme et résilience) sont également étudiées. La recherche a été effectuée dans deux centres d’appels d’une importante coopérative financière québécoise. L’échantillon se compose de 100 immigrants de première génération de Montréal. Les résultats de l’étude mettent en avant les impacts significatifs mais modérés des différences culturelles sur la santé psychologique au travail, sur le style d’acculturation adopté au travail et sur l’importance des ressources personnelles (résilience) pour l’acculturation et la santé psychologique des travailleurs étrangers. De fortes différences culturelles engendreraient davantage de bien-être psychologique au travail et influenceraient l’adoption d’un style d’acculturation intégratif. La résilience serait aussi une ressource personnelle non négligeable pour la santé de l’immigrant. Ces résultats soulignent par ailleurs le rôle particulier de la sphère du travail pour les travailleurs étrangers, la documentation scientifique appuyant l’idée que le monde du travail aurait un impact significatif sur leur santé psychologique. Les limites de la recherche, des suggestions d’amélioration ainsi que des pistes d’actions sont également proposées. / This thesis focuses on the impact of cultural differences on foreign workers’ integration and health. Cultural differences are assessed using the concept of cultural distance between Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, integration using the concept of acculturation, and health using the concept of psychological health at work. The immigrants’ personal resources (proactivity, optimism and resilience) are also considered. The study was conducted in two call centers of a major financial cooperative in Quebec. The sample consists of 100 first generation immigrants in Montreal. The study’s results highlight the significant but moderate impacts of cultural differences on both the psychological health and the acculturation style at work, as well as the significant impact of personal resources (resilience) on foreign workers’ acculturation and psychological health at work. Strong cultural differences would generate greater psychological well-being at work and would engender the adoption of integrative acculturation style. Resilience stands out as a key personal resource for an immigrant’s health. The results further underline the particular role of the work sphere for foreign workers, with scientific literature supporting the idea that the workplace would have a significant impact on their psychological health. In addition to the above, a list of research limitations, recommendations for improvement and paths of action have been suggested.

This qualitative study was guided by the framework of Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC). In Canada, although researchers recognize that learning French through a cultural context will promote understanding and acceptance of cultural diversity, as well as the learning of the target language, there is little evidence to support the ways in which this methodology may influence the learning of elementary Core French students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ways in which a group of Grade 4 students, from an English community, perceived their peers from a French community, and to describe any changes in their attitudes toward learning French as a Second Language in response to the opportunity to learn through a cultural context. This action research study used a questionnaire, an observation checklist of task-related behaviour, and semi-structured group photo-interviews to explore 15 Grade 4 students’ perceptions and attitudes in response to a new research-based teaching approach. As the cultural exchange unfolded, I sought evidence of the three savoirs (that according to the ICC model, primary students have the ability to develop), in order to promote interculturality: savoir être (related to students’ attitudes towards the other students), savoirs (related to knowledge of the other culture), and savoir apprendre/faire (related to behaviour toward the other culture). Results indicated that students showed evidence of two savoirs: savoir être and savoirs. Savoir apprendre/faire, however, was not shown. In addition to the two savoirs, the exchange promoted the learning of French in the classroom, and supported the development of students’ confidence in communicating in French. The findings of this study contribute to the teaching of Elementary Core French in Ontario, by providing valuable insights into the possible ways that learning French through an intercultural experience holds potential in developing students’ communication abilities as well as awareness and acceptance of otherness, which is the bedrock upon one can develop effective communicators in the target language. / Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2014-04-23 18:35:56.721

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-79).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).

168 p. / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-07T18:10:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 33.pdf: 1472320 bytes, checksum: 1aaaec9f5c68a5eac45af11ceb24cf10 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T18:10:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 33.pdf: 1472320 bytes, checksum: 1aaaec9f5c68a5eac45af11ceb24cf10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar até que ponto a política cultural para música praticada pela Secretaria de Cultura e Turismo da Bahia - SCT, entre os anos de 1995 e 2006, esteve efetivamente voltada para a proteção e promoção da diversidade musical, ou, se ao contrário, de maneira intencional ou não, acabou contribuindo para estimular o avanço da Axé Music sobre os espaços reservados a música no mercado de entretenimento baiano. Para tanto foram levantados e analisados projetos, ações e programas promovidos pela SCT direcionados a área musical. Através da análise de relatórios de atividades do governo e dos planos plurianuais desse período foi possível verificar que as atividades da SCT na área de música tentaram de alguma forma proteger e promover a diversidade musical na Bahia, já que se pôde perceber que uma variedade de gêneros usufruiu desse apoio. Pôde-se comprovar também que algumas dessas atividades tinham a preocupação em promover artistas emergentes que, em sua maioria, não pertenciam aos gêneros musicais do mainstream. Porém, nem sempre esta preocupação vinha acompanhada de diretrizes que levassem em consideração pontos importantes à questão da proteção e promoção da diversidade musical. Muitos foram abordados de maneira superficial ou nem sequer foram tocados, não recebendo a devida atenção dos responsáveis pela elaboração dessas atividades. / Salvador

Estudos organizacionais / Submitted by Cristiane Shirayama (cristiane.shirayama@fgv.br) on 2011-05-19T15:58:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100003.pdf: 11975291 bytes, checksum: 781e4294b7a25af48b54654504d9123f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia(suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-05-19T17:11:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100003.pdf: 11975291 bytes, checksum: 781e4294b7a25af48b54654504d9123f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-19T17:13:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100003.pdf: 11975291 bytes, checksum: 781e4294b7a25af48b54654504d9123f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-19T17:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100003.pdf: 11975291 bytes, checksum: 781e4294b7a25af48b54654504d9123f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-16 / In a world increasingly interconnected and global, this research brings the analysis of the interaction of multicultural groups in three different organizations in Europe. In two organizations, the research had auto-ethnographic nature, while in the third organization, thirteen in-depth interviews with trainees and professionals were conducted in a multicultural work environment, while considering the theory of symbolic interactionism as the basis of analysis at the micro level of social relations. The studies took place within the context of expatriation and international experiences in which young people from different parts of the world move to another country in order to experience and learn about other cultures, develop their careers, personally, academically and professionally. Encounters of people from different cultures within the CEMS group and the organizations involved are reported and analyzed in this study in order to understand the dynamics and changes that occur when different cultures meet. / Em um mundo cada vez mais interligado e global, este trabalho traz a leitura de grupos multiculturais de três organizações europeias, através do método auto- etnográfico e de 13 entrevistas realizadas em profundidade com estagiários e profissionais de um ambiente de trabalho multicultural, com o interacionismo simbólico como lente de análise dos grupos no nível micro de relações sociais. Os estudos aconteceram dentro do contexto de expatriação e experiências internacionais, em que jovens de diferentes partes do mundo se mudam a outro país a fim de conhecer outras culturas, desenvolver suas carreiras e ter experiências profissionais e acadêmicas. Encontros entre as diferentes culturas dentro do grupo CEMS e das organizações envolvidas são relatados e analisados neste trabalho a fim de entender a dinâmica e as mudanças de comportamento que ocorrem quando diferentes culturas se encontram.

This study explores the notion of female cultural difference in the context of dominant patriarchal and other oppressive patriarchal structures. Essentially, its focus is on deconstructing stereotypical images of women, who are often perceived as homogenous. Throughout the study I argue that as much as their sensibilities are varied, African and African American women respond differently to the oppressive conditions they find themselves in. The following selected texts provided the opportunities for exploring and evaluating the genealogy of female cultural difference that is central to my research: Anthills of the Savannah (Chinua Achebe); Scarlet Song (Mariama Ba); The Joys of Motherhood and Kehinde (BuchiEmecheta); Their Eyes Were Watching God (Nora Zeale Hurston); Bitches Brew and Seven Steps to Heaven (Fred Khumalo). In the process of analyzing these texts, I demonstrated that the notion of cultural difference is often narrowly and erroneously construed. I discovered that the protagonists in these texts are not only conscious of their oppressed condition but often adopt strategic agency to contest male privileges that silence them. In pursuit of this critical perspective, I have proceeded to apply relevant theoretical frameworks constructed by Cornel West, Hudson-Weems, Bakhtin and a conflation of others whose philosophical tenets support the major theoretical frameworks. The aforementioned literary critics have enabled me to come up with a more comprehensive and richer analysis of the set texts. In my analysis I have advanced the argument that female visibility manifests itself variously and temporally through individual and sometimes sisterly attempts at empowerment, self- definition and esoteric discursive features. I noted that all this is evidence of the nascent creative potential in African women who refuse to be silenced. In my analysis of the Seven texts I have incorporated, modified and developed some of the insights from critical thinkers who engage in the ongoing debate about female cultural difference. This approach has enabled me to come up with new insights that ferret out veneers of African women’s rich cultural diversity, in light of the ever changing nature of women’s operational spaces. It is this transcendental vision that basically informs and resonates with my study. / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (English)

This study investigated the process of bereavement in the Xhosa, Zulu and Tswana cultures with participants including three cultural experts and a bereaved family from each ethnic group. Data was collected using semi – structured interviews mainly in the participants’ homes. Analysis was used by comparing and contrasting the information gathered. Empirical research findings revealed that the process in the African culture specifically in these three ethnic groups is different from the western culture as stated in the literature. The literature review findings show that the western culture’s processes of bereavement seem focused in the intrapersonal processes. However, the African Black cultures seem to be focused more on interpersonal processes of bereavement. Recommendations are made in the study on how a western trained Educational Psychologist can approach a bereaved client coming from these ethnic groups. Recommendations are also made for Educators and Parents. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

The Apartheid Philosophy resulted in creating a heterogenous society in South Africa, with each group having its own distinctive culture and value-orientation. Organizational values, influenced by personal value-orientation employed by White managers, could be challenged by appointing members of this heterogenous society into positions previously held by White managers, thereby emphasizing the need for congruence between organizational and personal value-orientation. The literature study revealed not only the existence of both Individualism and Collectivism, but the co-existence thereof in individual value-orientation and the existence of Ubuntuism as another form of collectivism - the latter being analogous to humanism. Through this empirical study the value-orientations of managers from either Black or White cultural backgrounds, were assessed, using a value-orientation questionnaire. The findings of the present study, although inconclusive, demonstrated that Black and White managers do not differ significantly in terms of their value-orientation at work. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)