Thesis (M. A. (Clinical Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / African people have a long history of using traditional herbs to treat various ailments, including mental health. However, because there is not much empirical data supporting the use of traditional herbs in the treatment of mental illnesses, the purpose of this study was to explore the usage of molebatša in bereavement care in the Mopani district. The research study used a qualitative approach and a snowball sampling process to recruit a total of nine participants (Females = 7; males = 2). Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The collected data was analyzed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method. The following were the primary themes that emerged from the research: - a) descriptions of the nature of bolebatša; b) preparation and administration of bolebatša for medicinal purposes; c) conditions managed with bolebatša and d) the role of spirituality in traditional medicine. The findings of the study revealed that bolebatša is a herb with furry coating of hair-like structures, harvested from the Molebatša tree, scientifically known as Lannea schweinfurthii. The harvested bolebatša is mostly dried and taken orally, either with warm water, porridge or its dried skins are chewed. It was determined, based on the findings of the investigation, that the herb has the ability to induce forgetfulness and this was beneficial in treating various psychological ailments (such as trauma, bereavement and grief and adjustment disorders) as well as spiritual conditions, with no adverse side effects. Recommendations emerging from the study call for more investigations to scientifically validate the efficacy of this herbal extract. / HWSETA

Traditionally, tourism was placed second as a priority in the agenda of investors, policy makers, and academics. Nowadays, a significant reappraisal of its role in socioeconomic development is taking place, which values tourism as a source for earning export revenues, generating large numbers of jobs, promoting economic growth and a more services-oriented economy not only in developing but also in developed countries (UNCTAD, 2007). According to World Tourism Organization (WTO), the European Union (EU) numbered six Member States among the top 10 countries in the world welcoming the largest number of international tourist arrivals. Within the EU, receipts from international tourism in 2008 were highest in Spain, France, and Italy, followed by Greece and Portugal. Previous studies have attempted to explain destination and/or firm strategic positions by focusing on (mostly demand and supply side factors) prices, exchange rates, qualitative and other institutional factors. The unique memorable experiences provided to customers directly determine a business’s and ultimately destination’s competitiveness. However, the extant tourism literature has provided limited explanation of the factors that characterize these memorable tourism experiences. Why Experience? ● Because a trip is very high in experiential & hedonic characteristics ● Pine & Gilmore (1999) argued the emerging of an “experience economy” in which: companies personally engage consumers through staged events, experiences become offerings in the marketplace; and consumers’ hearts are captured by the memorability of the experience Subject of Research ● Differences in Competitiveness of Regional Destination ● A business’s competitiveness is directly determined by the unique memorable experiences provided to customers. ● Therefore, it is important to investigate the impact that the experience’s perception and expectations can have on the diversification of tourism product & the competitiveness of international regional destinations It is well known that Traveller’s perceptions of different destinations, their awareness of alternative options and their perception of the extent to which these destination’s services could fulfil their expectations are crucial to tourist flows. A destination’s services should adapt and change in a way that suits the evolving consumer’s preferences in order for these destinations to maintain and/or enhance their competitiveness. Knowledge of tourist’s expectations, motivations, attitudes and differences among different cultural groups can create an environment within which by performing in an adaptive way, destinations will enhance their competitiveness. Therefore this research aims to offer the following contribution: ● Thorough literature review on the global tourism picture & the role of experience ● A novel approach by introducing a tourist’s enhanced role in defining the concept of experience ● Provide industry managers a generalized information on cross cultural differences Intend do so by trying to Evaluate the motivating experience factors that lead travellers from different cultural origins to different preferences when selecting their travel destination. Examine traveller’s anticipations, motivations and attitudes while reinterpreting experiences in a cross cultural setting. Assess the respective relevance and importance of the identified factors in the destination’s competitiveness as well as cross cultural influences and differences that lead to choosing differently while deciding to visit or revisit a destination. This research will also try to address practical and theoretical implications as well as suggestions for future research. / Ο τουρισμός αποτελούσε παραδοσιακά δεύτερη προτεραιότητα στην ατζέντα επενδυτών, υπεύθυνων χάραξης πολιτικής και ακαδημαϊκών. Σήμερα, πραγματοποιείται μια ουσιαστική επανεκτίμηση του ρόλου του στην κοινωνικοοικονομική ανάπτυξη, θεωρώντας ότι συνιστά πηγή εσόδων, ότι δημιουργεί μεγάλο αριθμό θέσεων εργασίας και ότι προωθεί την οικονομική ανάπτυξη και μια οικονομία περισσότερο προσανατολισμένη στις υπηρεσίες, τόσο στις αναπτυσσόμενες όσο και στις ανεπτυγμένες χώρες (UNCTAD, 2007). Σύμφωνα με τον Παγκόσμιο Οργανισμό Τουρισμού (ΠΟΤ), έξι κράτη μέλη της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (ΕΕ) συγκαταλέγονται μεταξύ των δέκα κορυφαίων παγκοσμίως χωρών με τον μεγαλύτερο αριθμό αφίξεων διεθνών τουριστών. Στην ΕΕ, τα έσοδα από τον διεθνή τουρισμό το 2008 ήταν υψηλότερα στην Ισπανία, τη Γαλλία και την Ιταλία, και ακολούθησε η Ελλάδα και η Πορτογαλία. Προηγούμενες μελέτες επιχείρησαν να εξηγήσουν στρατηγικές θέσεις προορισμών και/επιχειρήσεων, εστιάζοντας (κυρίως παράγοντες προσφοράς και ζήτησης) σε τιμές, συναλλαγματικές ισοτιμίες, ποιοτικούς και λοιπούς θεσμικούς παράγοντες. Οι μοναδικές, αξέχαστες εμπειρίες που προσφέρονται απευθείας στους πελάτες καθορίζουν την ανταγωνιστικότητα μιας επιχείρησης και, τελικά, ενός προορισμού. Ωστόσο, η υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία για τον τουρισμό δεν έχει εκτενώς επεξηγήσει τους παράγοντες που χαρακτηρίζουν και καθορίζουν αυτές τις αξέχαστες τουριστικές εμπειρίες. Γιατί γίνεται λόγος για εμπειρία ● Γιατί ένα ταξίδι έχει πολλά χαρακτηριστικά εμπειρίας και ηδονής ● Οι Pine & Gilmore (1999) μίλησαν για την εμφάνιση μιας «οικονομίας εμπειρίας»στην οποία οι εταιρείες προσελκύουν προσωπικά τους καταναλωτές μέσω σκηνοθετημένων εκδηλώσεων, όπου οι εμπειρίες γίνονται προσφορές στην αγορά και οι καρδιές των καταναλωτών σαγηνεύονται από την αξέχαστη εμπειρία. Θέμα της Έρευνας ● Διαφορές στην Ανταγωνιστικότητα των Περιφερειακών Προορισμών ● Η ανταγωνιστικότητα μιας επιχείρησης καθορίζεται άμεσα από τις μοναδικές, αξέχαστες εμπειρίες που προσφέρονται στους πελάτες. ● Επομένως, είναι σημαντικό να ερευνηθεί ο αντίκτυπος που μπορεί να έχει η αντίληψη της εμπειρίας και οι προσδοκίες στη διαφοροποίηση του προϊόντος τουρισμού και στην ανταγωνιστικότητα των διεθνών περιφερειακών προορισμών. Είναι ευρέως γνωστό ότι οι αντιλήψεις του ταξιδιώτη για τους διάφορους προορισμούς, η επίγνωση των εναλλακτικών επιλογών που έχει και η αντίληψη του βαθμού στον οποίο οι υπηρεσίες προορισμού θα μπορούσαν να ανταποκριθούν στις προσδοκίες του, έχουν αποφασιστική σημασία για τις τουριστικές ροές. Οι υπηρεσίες ενός προορισμού θα πρέπει να προσαρμόζονται και να αλλάζουν σύμφωνα με τις εξελισσόμενες προτιμήσεις του καταναλωτή προκειμένου οι προορισμοί αυτοί να διατηρούν και/ή να ενισχύουν την ανταγωνιστικότητά τους. Η γνώση των προσδοκιών, των κινήτρων, της νοοτροπίας του τουρίστα και των διαφορών μεταξύ διαφορετικών πολιτισμικών ομάδων μπορεί να δημιουργήσει ένα περιβάλλον μέσα στο οποίο οι προορισμοί, αντιδρώντας κατά τρόπο προσαρμοστικό, θα ενισχύσουν την ανταγωνιστικότητά τους. Επομένως, σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι να παράσχει τα εξής ● εις βάθος εξέταση της βιβλιογραφίας σχετικά με την εικόνα του παγκόσμιου τουρισμού και τον ρόλο της εμπειρίας ● μια καινοτόμα προσέγγιση με την εισαγωγή του ενισχυμένου ρόλου του τουρίστα στον ορισμό της έννοιας της εμπειρίας ● παροχή στους επικεφαλής του κλάδου γενικευμένων πληροφοριών σχετικά με τις διαπολιτισμικές διαφορές Κάτι τέτοιο επιδιώκεται μέσα από τα εξής ● Αξιολόγηση των παραγόντων δημιουργίας κινήτρων για την εμπειρία που οδηγούν τους ταξιδιώτες διαφορετικής πολιτισμικής προέλευσης σε διαφορετικές προτιμήσεις κατά την επιλογή του προορισμού ταξιδιού τους. ● Εξέταση των προσδοκιών, κινήτρων και της νοοτροπίας του ταξιδιώτη, δίνοντας ταυτόχρονα νέα ερμηνεία στις εμπειρίες μέσα από την διαπολιτισμική προοπτική ● Αξιολόγηση της σχετικής συνάφειας και σημασίας των προσδιορισμένων παραγόντων για την ανταγωνιστικότητα του προορισμού ● Αξιολόγηση των διαπολιτισμικών επιδράσεων και των διαφορών που οδηγούν σε διαφορετική επιλογή κατά τη λήψη απόφασης για την επίσκεψη ή την εκ νέου επίσκεψη ενός προορισμού. Η παρούσα έρευνα προσπαθεί επίσης να εξετάσει τις πρακτικές και θεωρητικές επιπτώσεις, καθώς και προτάσεις για μελλοντική έρευνα.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Francoise Vergés comments in her essay Let’s Cook! that “one could write the history of a people, of a country, of a continent by writing the history of its culinary habits” (250 ). Vergés here refers to the extent to which food can be seen to document and record certain events or subjectivities. Exploring a wide range of texts spanning the late 1800s up to the post-apartheid present, this thesis focuses in particular on the ways in which “spice” as commodity, ingredient or symbol is employed to articulate and/or embed creole and diasporic identities within the South African national context. The first chapter maps the depiction of the “Malay” figure within cookery books, focussing on the extent to which it is caught up in the trappings of the picturesque. This visibility is often mediated by the figure’s proximity to food. These depictions are then placed in conversation with the conceptual artist Berni Searle’s photographic and video installations. Searle visually interrogates the stagnant modes of representation that accrue around the figure of the “Malay” and moves toward understandings of how food and food narratives structure cultural identity as complex and mutable. Chapter two shifts focus from the Cape to the ways in which “Indian Cuisine” became significant within the South African context. Here the Indian housewife plays a role in perpetuating a distinctive cultural identity. The three primary texts discussed in this chapter are the popular Indian Delights cookery book authored by the Women’s Cultural Group, Shamim Sarif’s The World Unseen and Imraan Coovadia’s The Wedding. Indian Delights. All illustrate the extent to which the realm of the kitchen, traditionally a female domain, becomes a space from which alternative subjectivities can be made. The kitchen as a place for cultural retention is explored further and to differing degrees in both The Wedding and The World Unseen. Ultimately, indentifying cultural heritage through food enables tracing alternative and intersecting cultural identities that elsewhere, are often left out for neat and new ethnic, cultural or national identities. The thesis will in particular explore the extent to which spices used within creole and/or diasporic culinary practices encode complex affiliations and connections. Tracing the intimacies and the disjunctures becomes productive within the postapartheid present where the vestiges of apartheid’s taxonomical impetus alongside a new multicultural model threaten to erase further the complexities and nuances of everyday life. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In haar artikel Let’s Cook! wys Francoise Vergés daarop dat die geskiedenis van ‘n mens, ‘n land of selfs ‘n kontinent saamgestel sou kon word deur te skryf oor die geskiedenis van hulle kos en eetgewoontes (250).Vergés skep hier ‘n besef van individuele en sosiale identiteit wat deur kos geleenthede vasgevang kan word. Deur bronne vanaf die laat 1800’s tot die postapartheid periode te bestudeer, fokus hierdie navorsing spesifiek op die wyse waarop speserye as kommoditeit, inhoud of simbool gebruik word om die kreoolse en diasporiese identiteite in Suid Afrika te bevestig of te bevraagteken. Die eerste hoofstuk lewer ‘n uiteensetting en beskrywing, soos verkry uit kookboeke, van die stereotypes wat vorm om die Maleise figuur. Daar word konsekwent gefokus op die mate waarin die sigbaarheid van die Maleise identiteit verstrengel word in ‘n bestaande raamwerk van diskoerse. Die Maleise figure word dikwels meer sigbaar in die konteks van kos en eetgewoontes. Berni Searl se fotografiese en video installasies word gebruik om hierdie stereotiepiese visuele kodes te bevraagteken. Searle ontgin die passiewe wyse waarop die Maleise persoon visueel verbeeld word en beklemtoon dan hoe kos en gesprekke oor kos die kulturele identiteit kompleks en dinamies maak. Hoofstuk twee verskuif die klem vanaf die Kaap na die wyse waarop die Indiese kookkuns identiteit kry in die Suid Afrikaanse konteks. Die fokus val hier op die rol van die Indiese huisvrou en haar kombuis in die bevestiging en uitbou van ‘n onderskeibare kulturele identiteit. Die drie kern tekste wat in hierdie hoofstuk bespreek word is die wel bekende en populere Indian Delights kookboek wat saamgestel is deur die Women’s Cultural Group, Shamim Sarif se The World Unseen en Imraan Coovadia se The Wedding. Indian Delights toon verder die mate waarin die kombuis as primere domein van die vrou, ‘n ruimte bied vir die formulering van alternatiewe subjek posisies. Die kombuis bied ook geleentheid vir inherente subversie wat verder en op alternatiewe wyse ontgin word in die bronne The Wedding en The World Unseen. Deur kos te gebruik om kulturele identiteit te verstaan bied ook die geleentheid om kulturele oorvleueling te verstaan al mag sommige groepe beskou word as onafhanklik in hul oorsprong en identiteit. Hierdie navorsing gee spesifiek aandag aan die mate waarin speserye en die gebruik daarvan in kreoolse en diasporiese kookkuns die kompleksiteite, soortgelykhede, verskille en misverstande reflekteer. Dit is veral waardevol om te let op soortgelykhede en verskille gegee dat die apartheidstaksonomie van die verlede en die huidige multikulturele model die rykheid en subtiele nuanseerings van die daaglikse bestaan verder kan erodeer.

This study seeks to explore anorexia nervosa as experienced within the South African coloured community in the specific. It represents an examination of themes within the participants’ depictions, discovering those themes that concur with existent literature, as well as discerning novel themes within the target group. Literature proves to yield varied results with regard to anorexia as presented in diverse cultures. Sufficient awareness is lacking within the South African context, where a scarcity of available literature that explores the experiences of the coloured anorexic individual necessitates the need for the current study. The contributing factors are viewed to involve societal, cultural, and familial aspects, all of which are situated within a systemic frame of reference. Systems theory provides the foundation within which these factors are explored, aiming to provide the reader with in-depth knowledge as to the functioning of the anorectic patient. It should be noted that these factors are interconnected, influencing each other in a circular manner. Attention is awarded to not only larger systems of societal and cultural influences, but also serves to encompass the functioning of the anorectic within the familial system. The reciprocity that exists within and between sub-systems is investigated, with the focus being the interrelatedness between members. Recursive feedback and associated processes are examined as they relate to the development and maintenance of anorexia. A qualitative research design was applied, where semi-structured interviews served as the chosen data collection strategy. Interviews were conducted at the hospital where they received treatment, and aimed to extract the meanings inherent in the participants’ experiences. A limited availability of diagnosed coloured anorexic individuals resulted in two willing participants partaking in the study. Thematic networks enabled the researcher to explore their representations in depth, leading to the subsequent organising of themes for further analysis. Two global themes emerged upon examination, the first of which was identified as “familial impact and patterns”, consisting of organising themes of relational positioning and interactional processes. Organising themes of expectations and internal emotional states constitute the second global theme of “control”. These themes are supported by a variety of basic themes, all of which serve to enhance the understanding of the organising themes, contributing to the respective global themes. Extensive exploration of the discovered themes followed, with the investigation proceeding within a systems theory framework. A conclusive discussion serves the purpose of bringing the exploration to a close. Relevant literature is incorporated into the discussion, providing the reader with an integrated understanding of the findings of the study within the broader field of anorexia nervosa. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / unrestricted

Proceeding from the premise that the meaning of performances flows from contextual, textual, and nonverbal elements, this dissertation explores layers of meaning arising from performances of selected South African struggle songs, poems and plays. In particular, it focuses on performances of the Mayibuye Cultural Group which functioned as an adaptive mechanism in the changing sociopolitical landscape of the 1980s and early 1990s, and on contemporary performances. The analysis of the songs, poems and play underscores the importance of nonverbal elements for the interpretation of performances, and proposes that performances functioned as debate and as a discursive presence in the public sphere. In particular, the performances glorified a masculine conception of the struggle and of South African society which highlighted the fragile gender politics in South Africa, and functioned as a vibrant mechanism for the expression of sanctioned criticism especially for the marginalised and for those at the fringes of power. / Anthropology / M.A. (Anthropology)

Proceeding from the premise that the meaning of performances flows from contextual, textual, and nonverbal elements, this dissertation explores layers of meaning arising from performances of selected South African struggle songs, poems and plays. In particular, it focuses on performances of the Mayibuye Cultural Group which functioned as an adaptive mechanism in the changing sociopolitical landscape of the 1980s and early 1990s, and on contemporary performances. The analysis of the songs, poems and play underscores the importance of nonverbal elements for the interpretation of performances, and proposes that performances functioned as debate and as a discursive presence in the public sphere. In particular, the performances glorified a masculine conception of the struggle and of South African society which highlighted the fragile gender politics in South Africa, and functioned as a vibrant mechanism for the expression of sanctioned criticism especially for the marginalised and for those at the fringes of power. / Anthropology / M.A. (Anthropology)

Nettement moins présent que l’anglais, le français, en tant que langue étrangère, n’est actuellement enseigné, en Libye, qu’à l’université. Cependant, la formation délivrée, notamment à l’Université de Tripoli ne permet pas aux apprenants - parce que le département manque totalement de matériel et de moyens, parce que les enseignants ont rarement reçu une formation didactique, parce que les modalités d’enseignement/apprentissage restent transmissives - d’acquérir les compétences nécessaires pour communiquer avec des natifs. Pensant que l’intégration de documents authentiques pouvait être une solution pertinente et efficace pour améliorer l’enseignement/apprentissage du FLE en Libye et faire évoluer les pratiques de classe, nous avons conduit, en 2012, une expérimentation d’introduction de documents authentiques avec un groupe expérimental composé d’étudiants de niveau B1 qui en étaient à leur dernière année de formation à l’Université de Tripoli. Une introduction qui s’avère probante, à nos yeux, aux yeux des étudiants et au vu des résultats, parce qu’elle suscite intérêt et motivation, permet de diversifier les supports d’apprentissage, de rompre avec les pratiques ordinaires d’enseignement et parce qu’elle développe des compétences communicative, culturelle et interculturelle. / Less present than English, French as a foreign language is currently taught in Libya at the university level. However, the training provided at the University of Tripoli is not of the high quality due to the facts that the department lacks of equipment and resources required, the trainers are not equipped enough to provide the knowledge transfer, and the teaching system inplace is archaic and remains ‘transmissive learning‘ which is outdated. These are the factors that are making the trainers not be acquainted with necessary knowledge to communicate with the autochthones. Having thought the following 1-The integration of Authentic Documents could be a relevant and effective solution to improve the teaching / learning of FFL in Libya 2- The creation of classroom practices We conducted in 2012, an experiment of introducing Authentic Documents and working with group of B1 level students who were in their final year of training at the University of Tripoli. The experiment was a success according to the participants (organizers, students) and the results obtained as well. The experiment arouses interest and motivation of the participants and helps the diversification of the learning materials and to modernize the old fashion of teaching. In conclusion the experiment helps to develop communication, cultural and intercultural skills.

The dissertation focuses on the challenges of teaching “Foundations of Orthodox Culture” course to junior teenagers in general schools. Based on the analysis of age-specific psychological, pedagogical and cultural traits of younger teenagers as a specific cultural group, the author explores the main challenges faced by teachers of “Foundations of Orthodox Culture” curriculum in Russian general education schools. As a potential approach to overcoming some of these challenges, the author has designed a digital encyclopedic dictionary to facilitate modern (i.e. utilizing information and communication technologies) presentation of course materials both during the lessons and in extracurriculum activities. / Диссертация посвящена проблемам преподавания предмета «Основы православной культуры» младшим подросткам в общеобразовательной школе. На основе анализа возрастных психолого-педагогических и культурных особенностей младших подростков (как особой культурной группы) анализируются основные проблемы преподавания предмета «Основы православной культуры» в российских общеобразовательных школах. Как вариант разрешения ряда проблем предлагается авторский электронный энциклопедический словарь, ориентированный на современное (с использованием информационно-коммуникационных технологий) изложение материала на уроках и во внеурочной деятельности.

Bibliography: leaves 253-298 / This study examines the language, identity and intercultural communication dynamics in the Xhosa communities of Cape Town where some immigrant Shona speakers dwell. Language is a complex and nuanced repertoire of culture and the choice of language constitutes part of an individual’s identity construction. Owing to these identity dynamics, the Shona speakers resident among the Xhosa communities find themselves entangled in the politics of belonging and identity that define the Shona-Xhosa immigrant landscape in Cape Town. The Shona speakers engaging in intercultural communication in Xhosa communities are confronted with language and cultural hurdles. Orbe’s Co-cultural Theory among others was central to the unpacking of the intricacies of culture and the Xhosa hegemony. Results show that Shona people speak Xhosa for social acceptance and to secure economic benefits. Nevertheless, this seems not to offer them profound indulgence with the Xhosa culture. Even if they comprehend the culture, their Shona cultural identity hampers their full admission into the Xhosa culture. This lack of cultural acceptance leaves the Shona speakers alienated from both Xhosa and Shona cultures. In that regard, Shona speakers among Xhosa communities in Cape Town live a fluid life in which relentless cultural change is the only constant. This transitory life promotes intercultural concession in the personal layer of self, leading to the emergence of a hybrid multicultural self-concept. The study thus contributes towards scholarship by revealing that the differences in individual linguistic circumstances in the process of intercultural negotiation appear to produce different levels of acquisition of the Xhosa culture and Xhosa by the Shona speakers. This is corroborated by the fact that Shona speakers who could not speak English learnt Xhosa faster than those who could speak English. This study argues that the maintenance of the Shona language by its speakers in Xhosa communities is as much their duty, as it is their right. Ultimately, the study posits that ethnocentrism stifles the intercultural communication process and leads to tiffs in multicultural communities / Linguistics and Modern Languages / D. Phil. (Languages, Linguistics and Literature)