<p>The purpose of this essay has been to seek understanding of how young people in high school and adult education experience the use of educational media tools in teaching. Examples of questions submitted material has been: What are the positive and negative experiences of ICT in the classroom?</p><p>The essay is of a qualitative nature, in which five students were interviewed about their experiences of ICT in the school environment. The result is analyzed from a sociocultural perspective and from an inward-student perspective.</p><p>The results showed that students felt that it was difficult to absorb many of the ICT facilities as sources of knowledge in the school environment. Due to lack of quality in teaching material and difficulties of the pupils to sort out the important information of the injected.</p>

The purpose of this essay has been to seek understanding of how young people in high school and adult education experience the use of educational media tools in teaching. Examples of questions submitted material has been: What are the positive and negative experiences of ICT in the classroom? The essay is of a qualitative nature, in which five students were interviewed about their experiences of ICT in the school environment. The result is analyzed from a sociocultural perspective and from an inward-student perspective. The results showed that students felt that it was difficult to absorb many of the ICT facilities as sources of knowledge in the school environment. Due to lack of quality in teaching material and difficulties of the pupils to sort out the important information of the injected.

Music plays a crucial role in everyday life by enabling listeners to seek individual emotional experiences. To explain why such emotions occur, we must understand the underlying process that mediates between surface-level features of the music and aroused emotions. This thesis aimed to investigate how musical emotions are mediated by psychological mechanisms from a cross-cultural perspective. Study I manipulated four mechanisms by selecting ecologically valid pieces of music that featured information relevant for each mechanism. The results suggested that listeners’ emotions could be successfully predicted based on theoretically based manipulations of target mechanisms. However, Study I featured only listeners from a single culture, neglecting the possible role of contextual and individual factors. Study II investigated the prevalence of emotions, mechanisms, and listening motives in a web survey featuring listeners from both individualist and collectivist countries. Results indicated that patterns of prevalence of emotions and mechanisms were quite similar across cultures. Still, Study II found that certain emotions such as nostalgia and the mechanism episodic memory were more frequent in collectivist cultures. In contrast, sadness and the mechanism musical expectancy were more frequent in individualist cultures. Study II also suggested that listening motives were country-specific, rather than subject to the individualism-collectivism dimension. Study III explored how particular mechanisms are manifested within a collectivist cultural setting with great potential for deeply felt emotions: fado music in Portugal. Interviews with listeners provided in-depth information on how the cultural context might shape listening motives and emotions. The results revealed that listeners strived for musical experiences that would arouse culturally valued emotions. Music-evoked nostalgia and contextual factors were regarded as important and contributed to an enhanced sense of wellbeing. Study IV tested the influence of lyrics on the emotions induced by Swedish and Portuguese pieces of music. The results revealed cross-cultural differences in how lyrics influenced emotions. The differences were not related to the music’s origin, but to the listener’s origin, suggesting that the impact of lyrics depends on the cultural background of the listener. In conclusion, the thesis suggests that cultural factors serve as moderators of effects of biologically based mechanisms for emotion induction.

O presente trabalho visa, a partir de uma perspectiva histórico-cultural, aprofundar a compreensão acerca da constituição de um sujeito adulto e autista, analisando a narrativa de sua história de vida, passando pela vivência escolar e depois pela experiência ativista e militante em defesa dos direitos da comunidade autista e da transformação social. São discutidos temas como as diferentes concepções de autismo, a problemática da escolarização, e, com base nas contribuições de Vigotski,o desenvolvimento do adulto, a relação entre deficiência e desenvolvimento, bem como o papel da educação nesse processo. Tal discussão embasou uma análise qualitativa acerca dos processos de formação de conceitos eda constituição da personalidade, incluindo a resistência como característica importante dessa personalidade. Assim, partindo de uma concepção social da constituição do sujeito, foi possível identificar algumas relações que se apresentaram como parte de todo esse processo e que tornam possível, por exemplo, se reafirmar a importância de uma educação para a emancipação (conceito de Mészáros) do sujeito. / The present work aims, from a historical-cultural perspective, to deepen the understanding about the constitution of an adult and autistic subject, analyzing the narrative of his life history, going through the school experience and then through the activist experience and militant in defense of the rights of the autistic community and social transformation. Topics such as the different conceptions of autism, the problem of schooling, and, based on the contributions of Vygotsky, adult development, the relation between disability and development, as well as the role of education in this process are discussed. This discussion was based on a qualitative analysis about the processes of concept formation and the constitution of the personality, including resistance as an important characteristic of this personality. Thus, starting from a social conception of the constitution of the subject, it was possible to identify some relations that appeared as part of this whole process and that make it possible, for example, to reaffirm the importance of an education for emancipation (Mészáros concept) subject.

Orientador: Luci Banks-Leite / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T01:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Faria_ThaisBrandoBalazsdaCosta_M.pdf: 1468563 bytes, checksum: 2c28435c3f6433bc1a73d072aa311324 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Lev Vigotski, pensador bielo-russo, produziu seus textos na primeira metade do séc. XX. Interessado nas mais variadas disciplinas, dentre elas a psicologia, buscou superar a dicotomia individual/social, afirmando a constituição social do sujeito. Em outras palavras, as relações sociais nas quais o sujeito está inserido são constitutivas de seu desenvolvimento. Nós nos desenvolvemos a partir de nossa interação com o meio social no qual vivemos e crescemos e, significamos o mundo ao nosso redor, constituídos pela maneira como o grupo ao qual pertencemos o faz. Entretanto, nossas maneiras de significar, de pensar ou de agir constituem-se de forma dialética nos grupos dos quais fazemos parte. Clifford Geertz, antropólogo estadunidense, produziu grande parte de suas reflexões acerca da antropologia na segunda metade do séc. XX. Preocupado com os rumos para onde se direcionava esta disciplina, realizou uma meta-antropologia, questionando o papel do antropólogo enquanto autor das etnografias e também o papel do sujeito-informante. Juntamente com seus questionamentos epistemológicos, Geertz definiu um novo conceito de cultura, mais compatível com a antropologia que realiza após o giro antropológico. Suas preocupações meta-antropológicas impactam fortemente suas etnografias, motivo pelo qual não é possível compreender umas sem as outras. Finalmente, defende que para apreendermos qualquer relação social ou significado atribuído por determinado grupo, devemos realizar um estudo etnográfico que busque como resultado a descrição densa, pois somente a partir dela somos capazes de compreender as teias de significados nas quais os sujeitos estão imersos. Apesar do momento histórico distinto, das diferentes disciplinas e do objeto diverso, ambos os autores buscam compreender a importância e o papel da cultura na constituição do sujeito e na sua forma de tecer e ler as teias de significados nas quais está imerso / Abstract: Lev Vigotski, the Soviet Belarusian thinker, penned his texts in the first half of the 20th century. Interested in various disciplines, among which psychology, he sought to overcome the individual/social dichotomy, affirming the social constitution of the subject. In other words, social relationships in which subjects are inserted are constitutive of their development. We develop based on our interaction with the social environment in which we live and grow, and we give meaning to the world around us, according to the way the group we belong to does. However, our ways of signifying, thinking or acting are constituted in a dialectic way in the groups of which we are part. Clifford Geertz, in turn, an American anthropologist, produced much of his reflections on anthropology in the second half of the 20th century. Concerned with the directions in which the discipline was headed, he delved into meta-anthropology, questioning the role of the anthropologist as author of ethnographies and also as subject-informant. Along with its epistemological questions, Geertz defined a new concept of culture, which is more compatible with the kind of anthropology he engages in after the anthropological turn. His meta-anthropological concerns heavily impact his ethnographies, reason why one cannot understand one without recourse to the others. Finally, he argues that to apprehend any social relationship or meaning assigned by a particular group, we must conduct ethnographic studies whose goal is to attain thick description, because only a description of such kind is able to provide an understanding of the web of meanings in which the subjects are immersed. Despite the distinct historical moment, the different disciplines and objects of study, both authors seek to understand the importance and the role of culture in the constitution of the subject and his way of weaving and reading the web of meanings in which it is immersed / Mestrado / Psicologia Educacional / Mestra em Multiunidades em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of the preschool teachers, working with the preschool bus, regarding challenges and children's interactions in different learning environments offered by mobile preschool. The metod used in this study is the qualitative semi-structured interviews with four preschool teachers. The theoretical ground used to perform the analyse in the study is represented by socio-cultural perspective and hermeneutic research effort.  The study shows that the interaction between children is the same in all environments but that the interaction between children and the environment might be different depending on the development and intrests of the preschool children. The survey shows that this interaction between children and the environment begins before the bus week and that the starting point in the interaction can be expressed by intrest, bus destinations and preschool topic. The survey shows that one challenge might be that the preschool children need to be able to adapt to more environments than they are used to. The survey even shows that such challenge can be even greater if there are children with special needs in the group. The preschool bus can be also a challenge in bad weather days since the children have to share space and material.

No description available.

I föreliggande studie är syftet att få en djupare förståelse för hur instrumentalister i olika genrer arbetar för att memorera musik och vad som eventuellt skiljer sig mellan de valda metoderna, arbetssätten och verktygen som används. Detta undersöks utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Bakgrundskapitlet tar upp tidigare forskning om det mänskliga minnet, hur vi minns saker generellt samt om skillnader mellan klassiska musiker och folkmusiker inom processen att minnas musik. Sedan presenteras metoderna som används i arbetet. Det är semistrukturerade intervjuer och tematisk analys tillsammans med en komparativ forskningsdesign. Därefter följer resultatet som visar att det förekommer både skillnader och likheter mellan de båda genrerna och även bland intervjupersonerna inom samma genre under processen att memorera musik utantill. Vidare framkommer även vilka de två mest använda verktygen för att memorera musik utantill är och om det är möjligt att memorera musik utan ett instrument närvarande. Slutligen diskuteras resultaten med kopplingar tillbaka till de tidigare kapitlen och det valda teoretiska perspektivet. / In the present study, the aim is to gain a deeper understanding of how the musicians in different genres work to memorize music by heart and what might differ in the chosen methods, procedures and tools that is used. This must be examined on the basis of a socio-cultural perspective. The background highlights earlier research about the human mind, how we remember things in general, and about the differences between classical musicians and folk musicians in the process that is memorizing music. Thereafter is the methods used in this study presented. They include semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis together with a comparative research design. This is followed by the result which shows that there are both similarities and differences between the two genres and even among interviewees within the same genre in the process of memorizing the music by heart. Further will the two most commonly used tools for memorizing music be presented, and the answer to whether it is possible to memorize music without using an instrument. Then the results will be discussed with links back to the previous chapters and the chosen theoretical perspective.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to find out how educators think about the design of play environment and its significance for the development and learning of the children. This study is based on qualitative interviews with five active educators. The results of the study show that the educators are looking out for the interest of the children to the largest extent possible when the play environments are designed. The theoretical outset of this study is based on a socio-cultural perspective. The result of the study also shows that the educators try to have as much materials available and visible for the children as possible. The educators pointed out that usage of recycled material is really important. Recycled materials leave plenty of opportunities for the children to use their imagination and creativity. For the educators to be able to provide motivational activity zones there has to be a wide variety of inspiring materials at preschools. This leads to development and learning for the children. Furthermore the result showed that the educators regarded large children’s groups as obstacles. The facilities of preschools are too small for these large groups. It affects sound levels, indoor temperatures and humidity inside the facilities. In addition the results showed that the ability to design good play environments is dependent on preschools having educated staff. Also evidence was found supporting the fact that there are staff shortages, which according to the educators, mean that it is difficult to create optimal play environments.

The study analyses four of Elsa Beskow´s picture books from a gender perspective and with character analyis as the method. The aim is to find out how gender is presented in the picture books and how the books reflect their time. The study also discusses how the books can be used in today´s school. The result shows that the men in the four works have the greatest power. They are portrayed as deciding and dominating everything. The character analysis also shows that they are portrayed as being surly rather than cheerful. The women and the girls in the works are portrayed as capable, caring and cautious. The school curriculum states that school should aim to ensure that all pupils are treated equally regardless for sex. Beskow´s works reflect the gender roles that prevailed around 1900, and teachers need to be aware of this when the works are used in school today.