Nesse estudo, objetivamos investigar a seguinte questão: Quais são os sentidos que os aprendentes da docência em física tecem para as histórias em quadrinhos direcionadas ao ensino em disciplinas de Metodologia de Ensino de Física? Como contexto, estabelecemos as disciplinas de Metodologia do Ensino de Física (MEF) do curso de licenciatura em física da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). A perspectiva metodológica adotada foi o modelo materialista de Vigotski. Para tal perspectiva, optamos por desenvolver estudos de casos circunstanciados pela observação participante. Em meio ao modelo materialista, adotamos como unidade de análise a natureza da curiosidade para as histórias em quadrinhos no ensino de física. Deste modo, analisamos a trajetória formativa de dois aprendentes da docência em sua historicidade e as interações estabelecidas por estes com as atividades formativas que pautaram a apreensão das histórias em quadrinhos como elemento de ensino. A pesquisa contou com a gravação em áudio e vídeo das aulas de MEF1, dos encontros de supervisão e das entrevistas semiestruturadas; de igual modo, contou com a análise de portfólios e planos de ensino produzidos pelos aprendentes para as disciplinas. O arcabouço analítico foi estruturado a partir de elementos da teoria histórico-cultural de Vigotski e constructos da perspectiva freireana. A construção dos dados se deu a partir da constituição de quatro movimentos de curiosidades, os quais foram tecidos a partir das ações que levaram os aprendentes a se engajar com as histórias em quadrinhos e, de igual modo, abarcaram em si as atividades formativas que os mesmos organizaram para apreender este elemento. Por conseguinte, enfatizamos as curiosidades dos aprendentes, os sentidos atribuídos às histórias em quadrinhos, assim como as situações e os modos como as curiosidades se complexificaram e os sentidos se estruturaram. Os resultados apontaram como estruturas significativas para a atribuição de sentidos os modos singulares como os aprendentes internalizaram este elemento; as discussões promovidas pelos coletivos de aprendizagens sobre as histórias em quadrinhos; as perspectivas formativas adotadas nas aulas de MEF1; a pluralidade de atividades que compuseram as disciplinas de MEF e as temáticas problematizadas no estágio supervisionado. Ademais, devemos ressaltar que a dinâmica de atribuição de sentidos para as histórias em quadrinhos no ensino teve sua gênese na disciplina de MEF1, mas não se esgotou nela. Logo, o panorama articulado nos permitiu destacar alguns dos sentidos tecidos pelos aprendentes para as histórias em quadrinhos, dentre os quais está a sua interpretação enquanto linguagem mediadora para engajar estudantes em discussões científicas; meio para dar centralidade às ações dos estudantes; estratégia de ruptura com a rotina escolar; recurso cultural condicionado ao contexto histórico-cultural; a ação crítica e criativa dos docentes e a arte de contestação e reflexão. / In this study, we aim to investigate which senses teaching learners assign to comics in education. As a context, we established the disciplines of Physics Teaching Methodology (MEF) of the degree course in Physics at the University of São Paulo (USP). The methodological perspective adopted was Vygotsky\'s materialist model. For this perspective, we chose to develop case studies conditioned by participant observation. For this, we embrace as a unit of analysis the nature of curiosity for comics in teaching of Physics. Thus, we analyze the formative trajectory of two learners of teaching in their historicity and interactions established through formative activities that guided the apprehension of comics as factor of teaching. The research included audio and video recording of classes, supervision meetings and semi-structured interviews, as well as the analysis of portfolios and teaching plans produced by students containing comics. The analytical framework structured from elements of Vygotsky\'s historical-cultural theory and from constructs from Paulo Freire\'s perspective. The construction of the data based on constitution of four curiosity movements, woven from actions that led the learners to engage with comics. In the same way, they embraced the formative activities and organized them for the apprehension of study element. Therefore, we emphasize the curiosities of the learners, the senses attributed to the comics, as well as the situations and the ways in which curiosities have become more complex and the senses structured. As significant structures for the attribution of senses, the results point: the singular modes as learners internalized this element, the discussions promoted by the collectives of learning about comics, the formative perspectives adopted in the MEF1 classes, the plurality of activities that composed the MEF disciplines and the approached topics in the supervised internship. Moreover, we must emphasize that the dynamics of attribution senses to comics in teaching had its genesis in discipline of MEF1, but it did not run out in itself. Therefore, the articulated viewpoint allowed us to highlight some of the senses woven by the learners for comics, among which is their interpretation: as mediator language to engage students in scientific discussions, path to grant centrality to student actions. As well as, disruption strategy with school routine, cultural resource conditioned to historical-cultural context, and critical and creative action of teachers and art of contestation and reflection.

To study whether the curiosity can decline or not for a certain task could help us understand how to keep students both interested and engaged in all the different subjects that the education system has to offer. This study aimed to first find a way to measure curiosity, to then see if it changes over time, and if it shows to be different between low performing people and high performing people. 20 people participated at two different sessions. At the first session uncertainty was measured in form of Shannon’s entropy. At the second session participants got to choose between more or less informative options, and then gain feedback depending on the choice. The entropy proved to be a valid predictor for information choice and was used as curiosity measurement in form of a time cost by expected information gain. Patterns in curiosity change over time was found for the sample, low performing participants and high performing participants, where the sample and high performing people showed a significant effect of curiosity decline. / Att studera huruvida nyfikenhet kan avtaga eller ej för en särskild uppgift kan hjälpa oss förstå hur man kan hålla studenter både intresserade och engagerade i de olika ämnena som utbildningssystemet erbjuder. Den här studien siktade på att först finna ett sätt at mäta nyfikenhet, för att sedan se om förändras över tid, samt om det är någon skillnad för låg och högpresterande personer. 20 studenter deltog vid två separata tillfällen. Vid första tillfället mättes osäkerhet i form av Shannon’s entropi. Vid det andra tillfället fick deltagarna välja mellan mer eller mindre informativa val, och få feedback utifrån detta. Entropin visade sig kunna förutsäga om deltagarna valde feedback, och användes därför som mått på nyfikenhet i form av tidskostnad per förväntad informationsvinst. Mönster för nyfikenhetsförändring över tid kunde ses hos populationen, de lågpresterande samt högpresterande deltagarna, där både urvalsgruppen samt de högpresterande deltagarna visade en signifikant effekt av avtagande nyfikenhet.

Antiquaire nîmois de la première moitié du XVIIe siècle, Anne de Rulman a laissé un ensemble manuscrits imposants, parmi lesquels figure le Récit des anciens monuments qui paroissent encore dans le département de la première et seconde Gaule Narbonnoise (…). Cet ensemble, daté de 1626, s'articule en quatre volumes qui comprennent les observations de Rulman sur les sites antiques d'une vaste région allant de Toulouse à Nice ou encore un volume de dessins de monuments et fragments essentiellement nîmois et biterrois. À cela s'ajoutent des dessins d'objets antiques conservés dans les grands cabinets de collectionneurs du Sud de la France et un Inventaire particulier (…) des antiquités de Nîmes. Peu connus et reconnus, ces manuscrits représentent une source considérable pour la compréhension de la démarche antiquaire à travers laquelle l'objet du passé a peu à peu acquis le statut de témoignage historique et archéologique, mais aussi d'œuvre d'art. Ils contribuent également à une meilleure connaissance du milieu savant du Sud de la France qui gravitait alors autour de l'emblématique Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc (1580-1637). Cette étude participe ainsi à des questionnements d'envergure qui touchent aussi bien à l'histoire de l'art et du goût, qu'à l'histoire et à l'archéologie. / Nimois antiquariam of the...

Studiens syfte är att undersöka upplevelser av och uppfattningar om psykologisk trygghet i relation till ansvarstagande bland skogliga planerare utifrån frågeställningarna: hur ser den psykologiska tryggheten ut bland skogliga planerare? Samt: hur påverkar förekomsten av psykologisk trygghet individens upplevda möjlighet till ansvarstagande i sin yrkesroll? Kvalitativ, induktiv metod med fenomenologisk ansats valdes för studien. Materialinsamlingen genomfördes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det insamlade materialet analyserades genom induktiv tematisk analys. Studiens resultat visar att informanterna genomgående uttrycker ett stort ansvarstagande och hög psykologisk trygghet i sitt arbete. En starkt negativt påverkande faktor på den psykologiska tryggheten visade sig vara ensamarbete och då främst i samband med att informanterna fattade komplexa beslut. Studiens slutsats visar på stort ansvarstagande kombinerat med upplevd stor psykologisk trygghet bland dessa skogliga planerare. Informanterna uppfattas i stor utsträckning befinna sig i en arbetsmiljö med goda förutsättningar för lärande vilket möjliggör en hållbar utveckling för individ och organisation. / The purpose of the study is to investigate the degree of psychological safety in relation to responsibility among forest planners based on the questions: what are the experiences of psychological safety among forest planners? And: How do different experiences of psychological safety relate to experiences of individuals responsibility in their professional role? A qualitative, inductive method with a phenomenological approach was chosen for the study. The collection of material was conducted through semi-structured interviews. The collected material was analyzed through inductive thematic analysis. The results of the study show that the informants consistently expressed high accountability and an experienced high psychological safety in their work. A negative factor mentioned as important for experiencing psychological safety at work is working alone, mainly in connection with the informants making more complex decisions. The study's conclusion shows high accountability combined with perceived high psychological safety among these forest planners. The informants are perceived to be in a work environment with good conditions for learning, which enables sustainable development for the individual and the organization.

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The growing number of video gamers over the age of fifty has sparked new interests in the transformative power of play and consequently, video games, for a larger demographic of citizens. Researchers have found that digital gaming can have positive effects on the physical, psychological and cognitive well-being of older adults. Of particular interest to this thesis is the potential of games to facilitate social connections between different generations of players. Intergenerational games have focused on improving relations between younger people and older adults by providing enjoyable interactions that can impart cognitive and physical benefits. While previous work has focused on enhancing intergenerational social connections between relatives, non-familial intergenerational encounters have scarcely been explored. Games often feature asymmetrical participation and require long term interest, all factors that can prove challenging to implement for public non-kin intergenerational gameplay. Previous works have shown that the successful use of games is dependent on a number of psychosocial and contextual factors that shape the player experience. One of them is the degree of familiarity between players. Familiarity has been linked to many of the core motivations associated with intergenerational play, exposing doubts of whether the same motivations can be used to inform the design of intergenerational games between strangers of different ages. In addition, for most socio-technical interventions designed for older adults, the characteristics of seniors have predominantly been framed around accessibility and decline. This limited perspective also tends to be true when discussing games designed for seniors. Finally, existing research on games for seniors has mainly focused on seniors who play conventional video games and self-identify as gamers, further marginalizing seniors who do not fit these descriptions. The current design of intergenerational games might not be ready for adoption by the broader society. In response to these gaps, this thesis presents a research through design project aimed to investigate how a general population of older people (who may not be composed of video-gamers) perceive and experience game and play, and map this knowledge to promising playful approaches of intergenerational encounters while at the same time promoting a positive image of older adults as active and sociable members of society. The methodology featured a participatory approach that involved interview studies, co-design workshops, and playtests that helped to articulate the general requirements for an intergenerational game to be played in public spaces. The result of these formative exercises produced Klang Verbindet (“Sound Connects”), an interactive playful system that supports embodied interaction and group exploration of spaces. Designed to be played through body movements, the system employs vision-based algorithms and sound synthesis to provide an age- agnostic space for public play. Interactions with the system were evaluated in two different public contexts, using direct observations, semi-structured group interviews, and post-game questionnaires. Based on these data and the design and implementation of the system, the thesis describes a number of important factors to be considered when designing and evaluating games for non-familial intergenerational interaction. The most important being, to design for short-term and low-entry engagements which are defined as “low-threshold intergenerational encounters”. Within this space, the thesis discusses the distinctive value of - ambiguity, appropriation, and curiosity as drivers of gameplay for rapid mixed-aged encounters in the public context.

Western psychology has in its current position and definition laid claim to the “psychology” landscape, despite being the construction of one epistemology. This imposition allows western psychology to dominate and control the “psychology” landscape, to the detriment of other equally valid and “scientific” “psychologies”. We argue for redefinition of western psychology in terms of lived experience or soul, so that it can co-exist with other “psychologies”. This should co-facilitate the process of repositioning western psychology into a dialogically equal relationship with indigenous african psychology. Redefinition of western psychology is dependant on psychologist’s appreciation of the relativity of epistemological frameworks and ability to challenge their own subjectivities. This in turn requires epistemological curiosity. This study adopts a conceptual, autoethnographic approach and methodology. Our aim is not to provide answers, but rather create a context for dialogue. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Syfte: Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) är en kundstyrd prissättningsstrategi, där kunden bestämmer priset. Tidigare forskning visar att antalet kunder ökar vid tillämpning av prisstrategin. Studiens syfte är således att analysera samband och förklara ifall variablerna priskänslighet, rättvisa, riskkänslighet och nyfikenhet påverkar konsumentens attraktion till PWYW. Metod: Studien har ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt för att analysera litteratur och vetenskapliga artiklar. Teorin har deducerat studiens hypoteser för att undersöka samband och kvantitativ metod har används där empirisk data har samlats in med en webbenkät. Resultatet analyseras i SPSS med en faktoranalys och korrelationsanalys. Detta redovisas genom tabeller och figurer samt diskussion. Resultat & slutsats: Studien visar positiva samband mellan attraktion till PWYW och priskänslighet, rättvisa samt nyfikenhet. Sambandet mellan attraktion till PWYW och riskkänslighet visar dock svag korrelation. Däremot indikerar resultatet att det finns fler variabler att ta hänsyn till. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Resultatet indikerar att det saknas faktorer som påverkar konsumentens attraktion till PWYW. Det är av intresse att undersöka hur faktorerna kan nyttjas av företag samt om konsumentens attraktion påverkas ifall prisstrategin inte längre anses ovanlig. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien är först med att studera konsumentens motivationer till PWYW innan köpmomentet. Studien bidrar med variabler som förklarar varför konsumenter attraheras av en kundstyrd prisstrategi. Studien bidrar likaså med kunskap för forskningen kring PWYW.

Ce travail a pour objet l’image de l’autre dans les textes des voyageurs latins en Cilicie, Syrie-Palestine et Égypte du XIIe au début du XVe siècle. La rencontre directe entre chrétiens d’Occident et chrétiens d’Orient altère en effet progressivement les représentations occidentales antérieures. Les attitudes des auteurs varient selon leur statut et selon les trajectoires propres à chacun. Après une présentation des conditions de production des œuvres, mettant en évidence les thématiques présidant à la rencontre avec les chrétiens d’Orient, cette étude analyse le discours latin sur l’altérité orientale. Ce dernier résulte de la confrontation entre observations et représentations et se construit entre la curiosité pour une réalité nouvelle porteuse d’exotisme, et l’élaboration d’une double rhétorique du rejet et de l’assimilation de chrétiens considérés à la jonction d’enjeux géopolitiques, dans le contexte des croisades, et d’enjeux religieux, dans le double contexte de la politique d’union pontificale et du prolongement de la réforme monastique. L’intégration des Églises orientales à la culture occidentale suppose alors d’articuler unité et diversité au sein même de la chrétienté. L’analyse du rapport des Latins à la Terre sainte, entre « géographie sacrée » et géographie réelle, des discours croisé, missionnaire et pèlerin sur la diversité et de leurs réactions à celle-ci permet enfin de mesurer l’impact de la rencontre avec les chrétiens orientaux, dans leur dissemblance et leur similitude, sur l’idée de chrétienté. / This research aims at analysing the representation of otherness in the writings of Latin travellers in Cilicia, Syria Palestine and Egypt from the 12th century to the early 15th century. Close encounters between Western Christians and Eastern Christians gradually changed the previous representations of the former, while the attitudes of the writers depended on their status and the respective career paths. After presenting the conditions in which the works were written and underlining the themes and issues that were tackled during the encounters with Eastern Christians, this research analyses the Latin discourse on Eastern otherness, the construction of which results from the confrontation between observation and representation. Curiosity for a new exotic reality went along with a double-edged rhetoric of rejection and assimilation of Eastern Christians, as the stakes were both geopolitical – in the context of the Crusades – and religious – with the policy of pontifical union and the continuation of the monastic reform. Integrating Eastern churches into Western culture thus meant conciliating unity and diversity with Christianity. Analysing the relationships of Latin people with the Holy Land – between biblical and actual geography – as well as the discourses of crusaders, missionaries and pilgrims on diversity and their various reactions to it allows one to measure the impact of the encounter with Eastern Christians on the idea of Christianity.