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No contexto atual de alimentos nutracêuticos, a romãzeira, frutífera exótica no Brasil, se destaca mundialmente pelo alto poder antioxidante e propriedades anti-inflamatórias, anticancerígenas e antidegenerativas, com pesquisas recentes e produtos disponibilizados no mercado farmacêutico e alimentício. Para aumentar a oferta do produto no mercado consumidor a implantação de cultivos comercias é a primeira etapa do processo. Porém, para o bom desenvolvimento da cultura o uso de mudas de qualidade e com características agronômicas adequadas são primordiais. Almejando essas propriedades, a propagação, é o caminho mais utilizado na fruticultura para a produção de mudas com alto vigor e produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os métodos de propagação por estaquia e alporquia para produção de mudas de romãzeira cv. Comum. Avaliou-se o uso de AIB (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 mg L-1) na formação de raízes adventícias em estacas herbáceas, semi-lenhosas e lenhosas de romãzeira, nos períodos de inverno e primavera em ambiente com nebulização. Avaliou-se também, o uso de AIB nas concentrações de (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 mg L-1), no enraizamento de alporques em ramos com 10 e 15 mm de diâmetros, nos períodos de inverno e primavera. Pode-se concluir que, em romãzeira cv. Comum, o método de estaquia é mais eficiente com a utilização de estacas caulinares semi-lenhosas e lenhosas no período de inverno, não necessitando nesta época da aplicação de AIB para estimular a formação de raízes. O método de alporquia proporciona elevadas porcentagens de enraizamento tanto na primavera quanto no inverno. Alporques em ramos com diâmetro de 15,0 mm apresentam maior matéria seca de raízes quando comparados aos ramos de 10,0 mm de diâmetro. O uso de AIB em alporques influencia no comprimento e no número de raízes formadas. Os alporques realizados no inverno apresentam maior matéria seca de raízes. Os materiais usados para a contenção do substrato nos alporques, polietileno e papel alumínio, não interferem no enraizamento da romãzeira. / In the current context of nutraceutical foods, the exotic, fruitful pomegranate in Brazil stands out worldwide for its high antioxidant power and anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidegenerative properties, with recent research and products available in the pharmaceutical and food market. To increase the supply of the product in the consumer market the implantation of commercial crops is the first stage of the process. However, for the good development of the crop the use of quality seedlings and with suitable agronomic characteristics are primordial. Targeting these properties, propagation, is the most used path in fruit growing for the production of seedlings with high vigor and productivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the methods of propagation by cuttings and air-layerings for the production of pomegranate seedlings cv. Common. It was evaluated the use of AIB (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 mg L-1) in the formation of adventitious roots in herbaceous, semi-woody and woody piles of pomegranate, during winter and spring periods in the nebulized environment. It was also evaluated the use of AIB in the concentrations of (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 mg L-1), in the rooting of air-layering in branches with 10 and 15 mm of diameter, in the winter and spring periods. It can be concluded that in pomegranate cv. Common, the cutting method is more efficient with the use of semi-woody and woody stem cuttings in the winter period and does not require the application of IBA to stimulate root formation at this time. The weeding method provides high rooting percentages in both spring and winter. Air-layerings in branches with a diameter of 15 mm show a higher dry matter of roots when compared to the branches of 10 mm in diameter. The use of AIB in air-layering influences the length and number of roots formed. The air-layering made in the winter present greater dry matter of roots. The materials used for the containment of the substrate in the air-layering, polyethylene and aluminum foil, do not interfere in the rooting of the pomegranate.

Thesis (M.A. Agricultural Administration (Pasture Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / In the summer rainfall areas of South Africa small scale farmers, as well as commercial farmers experience low animal production due to a lack of good quality roughage. The nutritional value of the rangeland cannot maintain livestock during autumn and winter. Producing winter fodder could be expensive and literature showed that planting fodder radish and turnip might be a cheap relative option (not in sweet veld). Winter supplementation contributes largely to high input costs in livestock production, which can make this enterprise uneconomically. For this reason alternative winter feeding strategies should be investigated, like the use of Brassica and Raphanus species for feed supply, of high quality, in winter. Two Localities [Syferkuil, (University of Limpopo’s experimental farm (Limpopo) and Dewageningsdrift, (Hygrotech Experimental farm (Gauteng)] were used for this research project. On the two localities three different factors were tested:  Three planting dates (February, March and April)  Three cultivars (Nooitgedacht fodder radish, Forage star turnip (not on Syferkuil) and Mammoth purple top turnip)  Three cutting frequencies (first cut10 weeks after planting + regrowth; first cut 14 weeks after planting + regrowth and 18 weeks after planting, no regrowth). Samples (for dry matter production and nutritional value analysis) were collected at both localities as per cutting frequency treatments during the 2007 growing season. The samples were used to evaluate the influence of the mentioned treatments on total dry matter production, nutritional value, leaf production and tuber production of the three cultivars. At Syferkuil the DM production Nooitgedacht fodder radish was higher (5.23 to 5.9 t/ha) than that of Mammoth purple top turnip (3.24 t/ha) when planted in February. The same trend was seen during the March planting date (4.7 t/ha and 3.6 t/ha respectively for 18 W treatment). During the April planting date the highest production was higher (5.07 t/ha and 5.13 t/ha respectively) than that of the March iv planting date. The 10 Weeks + Re-growth cutting treatment resulted in general in the lowest production. At Dewageningsdrift (Gauteng) Nooitgedacht fodder radish produced the highest of all three cultivars at the 18 Weeks treatment, with the highest when planted in March (7.67 t/ha), 5.5 t/ha when planted in April and 5.3 t/ha when planted in February. For the rest of the treatments the DM production of Nooitgedacht varied between 2.9 t/ha and 4.6 t/ha. The highest DM production of Forage star turnip was 3.01 t/ha (10 W+R, February planting date), 1.35 t/ha (14 Weeks + Re-growth, March planting date) and 2.34 t/ha (18 Weeks, April planting date). The highest DM production of Forage star turnip was 2.96 t/ha (18 Weeks, February planting date), 2.59 t/ha (14 Weeks + Re-growth, March planting date) and 4.1 t/ha (18 Weeks, April planting date). An estimation of the grazing/feeding potential of the different cultivars, at different planting dates and defoliation/cutting treatments, was calculated by using the leave and tuber production (variable criteria) from each treatment. The period from the initial cut to the last regrowth cut was a second variable criterion that was used. The third criterion (non-variable) was the standard norm that the daily intake of a matured livestock unit (MLU) of 450 kg is 10 kg. According to the results the following example of a combination of treatments can be used to maintain ± 10 MLU/ha for the longest period in the winter in Limpopo: Plant 1.1 ha Nooigedacht radish in February, utilize from ± 27 April to 22 June, Plant 2.4 ha Nooigedacht radish in April, utilize from ± 22 June to 27 August, Plant 0.9 ha Mammoth purple top in April, utilize from ± 20 August to 3 Oct According to the results the following example of a combination of treatments can be used to maintain ± 10 MLU/ha for the longest period in the winter in Gauteng: Plant 2.1 ha Forage star turnip in February, utilize from ± 12 April to 13 June, Plant 1.7 ha Mammoth purple top in February, utilize from ± 7 June to 28 July, Plant 1.5 ha Forage star turnip in April, utilize from ± 18 July to 29 August, Plant 2.1 ha Forage star turnip in April, utilize from ± 17 August to 4 Oct.

The influence of streambank location and timing of herbivory on success of planted Booth's willow (Salix boothii Dorn) cuttings along a Rosgen C5-type stream in an eastern Oregon meadow was determined. Willow cuttings were planted on two morphological locations (i.e. point bar and floodplain) in May of 2002 and 2003. Gravimetric soil moisture and depth to water table data were collected periodically on each planting location during the growing season, May through September, in both years. Three grazing treatments, early season, late season, and none (control) were conducted. Percent survival, leader density, and number of browsed leaders of willows were recorded prior to and after each grazing treatment, as well as stubble height of forage species. Simple linear regression was used to determine if a relationship between residual stubble height and percent willow browse existed. Multiple linear regression was used in an attempt to develop a predictive equation for percent browse based on pre-grazing stubble and willow heights. It was hypothesized that depth to water table and percent soil moisture throughout the growing season would significantly influence willow survival and growth; that survival would be higher on point bar locations; and that willows would be browsed at different intensities according to season of grazing. Soil moisture content at point bar locations was greater than that of floodplain locations for the majority of the growing season in both years. In 2003, groundwater levels were higher on point bar than floodplain locations from May through September. Willow survival was higher for point bar locations than floodplain locations, in both years, regardless of grazing treatment. Willows were browsed more intensively later in the growing season. Results from the simple linear regression suggest that percent browse of willows was related to the residual stubble height, but did not explain the variability observed. An attempt to develop a predictive equation, i.e., expected browse based on pre-grazing stubble height, was made, however no apparent relationship between the willow height, stubble height, and percent browse was found. Grazing treatment did influence willow survival; survival on floodplain locations within the late grazing treatment was less than that of the ungrazed floodplain locations. Our results suggest that planting willows in locations where the planting depth remains within 40 cm of the groundwater depth will increase planting success. Protection from grazing for at least the first year of growth is recommended for optimum planting survival; grazing early in the season is more favorable to survival than grazing later in the season. / Graduation date: 2004

No description available.

Research was conducted into using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for removing hydrocarbons from drill cuttings slurries, which will be used in a pilot-scale continuous SFE system currently under development. A laboratory-scale batch SFE system employing supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) was used in this research. Based on the measured hydrocarbon solubility and apparent hydrocarbon solubility in supercritical CO2, conditions of 14.5 MPa and 40oC were selected for SFE treatment. The slurries require a minimum water to drill cuttings ratio of 1:1 (mass basis) to be free-flowing and therefore suitable for treatment in a continuous system. Water in the slurries leads to lower hydrocarbon extraction efficiencies during SFE treatment compared to the treatment of drill cuttings without slurrying. However, effective mixing and introduction of the supercritical CO2 at the bottom of the extraction vessel resulted in treated slurries containing less than 1% hydrocarbons (dry mass basis). / Environmental Engineering

Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-09Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:06:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000813720.pdf: 5549920 bytes, checksum: 18955998393a1dd13e579e475d6e4155 (MD5) / Há mais de 11 mil anos as figueiras são utilizadas pelo ser humano. Entre estas espécies encontra-se a figueira branca (Ficus adhatodifolia Schott ex Spreng.), nativa do Brasil, conhecida por sua atividade anti-helmíntica, no tratamento de ancilostomose e icterícia. Aos seus sicônios são atribuídas propriedades afrodisíacas e estimulantes da memória. O acelerado processo de desmatamento pode resultar na perda de diversidade genética da espécie e estudos sobre propagação da planta são importantes, pois permitem maiores chances de conservação e manutenção da espécie. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a propagação assexuada de F. adhatodifolia por estaquia, sob o efeito do regulador vegetal ácido indolbutírico (AIB) nas concentrações 0, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 3000, 6000, 9000 e 12000 mg L-1. Conferir a implicação dos diâmetros dos caules no enraizamento de F. adhatodifolia, oriundos de plantas adultas. Averiguar a porção caulinar apical, mediana ou basal mais adequada ao enraizamento, oriundos de plantas jovens. Constatar se há exigência em relação à luz para a germinação de sementes de F. adhatodifolia. Investigar a porcentagem de germinação de F. adhatodifolia após dois anos de armazenamento e determinar o teor de umidade das sementes F. adhatodifolia utilizando método de estufa; Acompanhar e avaliar o desenvolvimento de F. adhatodifolia em diferentes fases por 18 meses em sombreamento 70%. Na propagação assexuada ... / There are more than 11 thousand years that figs are used by humans. Between these species is the white fig tree (Ficus adhatodifolia Schott ex Spreng.), native of Brazil, known for their anthelminthic activity in the treatment of hookworm infection and jaundice. To their syconia are attributed aphrodisiac and stimulating properties of memory. The accelerated process of deforestation can result in the loss of genetic diversity of the species and plant propagation studies are important because they allow higher chances of conservation and maintenance of the species. The present work aims to study the asexual propagation of F. adhatodifolia by stem cuttings, under the effect of plant regulator-indolebutyric acid (IBA) at concentrations 0, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 6000, 9000 and 12000 mg L-1. Check out the implication of the diameters of stems in rooting of F. adhatodifolia, from the adult plants. Check the stem apical portion, median or more basal appropriate for rooting, from young plants. Note if there are requirement in relation to light for germination of seeds of F. adhatodifolia. Investigate the percentage of germination of F. adhatodifolia after two years of storage and determine the moisture content of seeds F. adhatodifolia using the method of greenhouse. Monitor and evaluate the development of F. adhatodifolia in different phases for 18 months under 70% shading. In the asexual propagation there were 6 tests, 5 with stem cuttings and 1 with root regeneration: (1) different concentrations of IBA: (0; 1000 1500 2000 2500 and 3000 mg L-1), in portions of the stem medians. The experimental design ...

Well-cuttings data and wireline logs in conjunction with limited core and outcrop data are used to generate a regional, three dimensional high resolution sequence framework for Upper Mississippian (Chesterian), Big Lime carbonates, West Virginia, U.S.A.. The analysis was done using the washed coarse fraction (1-2 mm) of cuttings for each sample interval, which were separated into Dunham rock types, counted to determine relative abundance and the data presented as percent lithology plotted against depth for each well. Digitized wireline logs and the cuttings-percent logs were slipped to take into account drilling lag and lithologic columns produced from the combined data. Sequence stratigraphic cross sections through the basin and into the outcrop belt, with a resolution of 10 feet were then produced. Sequence stratigraphic time slices were generated as isopachs maps of the sequences, and of lowstand-transgressive, and highstand tracts with major facies shown. This data was then used to document the stratigraphic response of the foreland basin to tectonics and, with isotope data from the slope section, evaluates evidence for glacio-eustasy during the transition into ice-house times. The major mappable sequences are fourth-order sequences, a few meters to over 90 meters (300 feet) thick. They consist of updip red beds and eolianites, lagoonal muddy carbonates, ooid grainstone and skeletal grainstone-packstone shoal complexes, deeper ramp and slope wackestone-mudstone, and laminated argillaceous lime mudstone. Maximum flooding surfaces on the ramp slope occur at the base of deeper water facies that overlie lowstand- to transgressive siliciclastic or carbonate complexes, whereas on the ramp, maximum flooding surfaces cap near-shore shale or lime mudstone beneath widespread grainstones. The highstand systems tracts contain significant grainstone units, interlayered with extensive lagoonal lime mudstones. In spite of differential subsidence rates across the foreland, fourth-order eustatic sea level changes documented by isotopic signals in basinal facies, controlled regional sequence development. Thrust-load induced differential subsidence of fault-blocks of the foreland basement controlled the rapid basinward thickening of the depositional wedge while subtle structures such as arches at high angles as well as parallel to the margin, affected thicknesses and facies development. / Ph. D.

In clonal deployment programmes of plantation species, there is frequently the need to deploy Eucalyptus species and interspecific hybrids as rooted cuttings. However, the rooting ability of a particular species or hybrid is a major, and usually limiting, factor affecting the economics of commercial deployment. There is also significant between-species and between-family variation for this trait. Recently, Eucalyptus longirostrata was crossed with E. grandis in an effort to combine its desirable wood properties, drought tolerance and disease resistance with the latter's vigorous growth. Should progeny with these suitable characteristics be identified, there is the possibility of extending plantations to more marginal areas and increasing the quality and volume from existing plantations. An investigation was undertaken to study the rooting ability of E. grandis x E. longirostrata hybrid cuttings. The plant material was sourced from five families in seedling derived hedges at two nurseries, as well as five families coppiced from an unreplicated progeny trial planted in the midlands of KwaZulu-Natal. Their rooting ability was assessed by determining the percentage of cuttings that developed roots using two different rooting methods. The variation between and within families and clones is presented. The study shows that root strike is under moderate genetic control, with an estimate of broad-sense rooting heritability of 0.197 (S.E. = 0.070). The two nurseries used in this study used different rooting technologies, with cuttings rooted either in media (traditional method) or in air (aeroponically). The aeroponics technology was highly significantly (p<0.0001) superior, in terms of rooting success. Rooting was also highly significantly affected (p<0.0001) by the temperature at the time of cutting. Rooting success of cuttings from seedling-derived parental hedges was similar to cuttings from coppiced stumps. The consequences of the low repeatability of measurements of rooting ability, 0.187 (S.E. 0.067) by clone and 0.340 (S.E. 0.072) by ramet, which was influenced by the response to age of material and nursery conditions, is discussed. This study demonstrated that large improvements in rooting success can be made by the optimization of rooting protocols and selecting for superior genotypes, as long as the performances of genotypes are accurately assessed. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.