Background: Bacteriophage Φ6 is a lipid-enveloped dsRNA bacteriophage. The limitations in our knowledge of how this bacteriophage occurs in the environment are limited by non-selective isolation techniques. Research on finding phages in the environment in the past has employed the Double Agar Layer (DAL) plaque assay using Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), a non-selective media. The bacterial host for bacteriophage Φ6 is Pseudomonas syringae. In this study, we tested Pseudomonas Agar, a selective media that suppresses the growth of bacteria except Pseudomonas species, in the standard double agar layer plaque assay for Φ6. Methods: DAL plaque assays were performed to determine the sensitivity of both Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and Pseudomonas Agar (PA) for determining the titer of pure bacteriophage Φ6 stocks. We used Pseudomonas syringae (HB10Y) as the host, and the plaque formation on both agars was compared. Following the evaluation of PA with pure Φ6 stocks, PA effectiveness for Φ6 isolation from environmental samples was tested in spiked waters obtained from irrigation ponds at an agricultural farm. Results: Comparison of TSA and PA using pure Φ6 cultured in the laboratory and spiked environmental samples showed that PA agar can detect bacteriophage Φ6 as well as the standard DAL assay using TSA. On PA, formation of clear visible plaques comparable to the plaques formed using TSA was observed. Conclusions: Pseudomonas Agar can be used for the isolation of bacteriophage Φ6 in environmental samples. This may enhance the detection of these phages in the environment.

Questa tesi cerca di fornire un quadro di analisi delle azioni e interazione che caratterizzano la produzione di musica indipendente a Milano. Il punto di partenza del progetto è stato uno studio della letteratura collegata alle ‘scene musicali’ (Peterson & Bennett, 2004), termine utilizzato per comprendere una vasta gamma di studi che condividono una visione comune di scena musicale come legata a affinità di genere o a un contesto territoriale. Facendo riferimento a prospettive diverse, la tesi critica la nozione di scena musicale (Webb, 2007) perché non permette di analizzare la complessità e la mobilità delle pratiche musicali (Urry, 2005), e non considera le interazioni esterne con forze politiche ed economiche (Bourdieu, 1993). Per questo motivo, la tesi fornisce un modello per l'analisi di circuiti di produzione di musica indipendente. Il modello comprende tre livelli di analisi, uno relativo alla necessità di analizzare la scena musicale per le sue caratteristiche produttive e organizzative, come circuiti di produzione culturale; il secondo considera la scena come interconnessa a un contesto mediale, economico, normativo, politico e culturale; e il terzo livello cerca di analizzare la natura complessa del territorio in cui pratiche si svolgono, che non può essere limitata ai confini delle città. / This thesis attempts to provide a new analytical framework for the study of actions and interactions of small-scale independent live music production in Milan. The starting point of the project has been the literature connected to the music scene perspective (e.g. Peterson & Bennett, 2004), which comprises a wide range of studies sharing a common understanding of scenes as either genre-based or locally specific. Referring to different frameworks, the thesis criticizes the music scene perspective (e.g Webb, 2007) because it doesn’t allow to analyze the complexity and mobility of music-making practices (Urry, 2005), and the need of considering the external interactions with political and economic forces (Bourdieu, 1993). For this reason, the thesis provides a multi-layered model for the analysis of circuits of independent music production. The model comprises three levels of analysis, one concerning the need to analyze the music scene for its productive and organizational characteristics as circuits of cultural production, the second one considers the scene as interconnected to the media, economic, regulatory, political and cultural environment and the third level that seeks to analyze the complex nature of the territory in which such practices take place which cannot be restricted to physical space of the city.

Butehamun was one of the most famous scribes involved in the building of the royal tombs of the Valley of the Kings, and a member of the most illustrious family of scribes there. Butehamun presided over the closure of the Valley and the workers’ village of Deir elMedina, and the move from building new tombs to the preserving and moving (some would say plundering) of the mummies left behind, marking the transition from the New Kingdom to the Third Intermediate Period, as Egypt splintered into what were essentially two realms. By studying the primary sources associated with Butehamun, including letters, reburial ‘dockets’, graffiti, the apparently unique decorations on Butehamun’s coffin, and the finds at his excavated house in Medinet Habu, this paper investigates what can be learned about Butehamun and the reburial project. Some of the sources seem to indicate he experienced some kind of religious crisis, which may have been brought on by feelings of guilt over his treatment of the royal mummies, two of whom were worshipped as gods in Deir el-Medina. / Butehamon var en av de mest kända av de skrivare som deltog i byggandet av de kungliga gravarna i Konungarnas dal. Han tillhörde en av de mest framstående skrivaresläkterna där. Butehamon övervakade stängningen av dalen och arbetarnas by Deir el-Medinah. Det var han som ansvarade för arbetet när man övergick från att bygga nya gravar till att flytta (vissa skulle säga plundra) de mumier som lämnades kvar till nya förvaringsplatser. Detta skede markerar övergången från det Nya Riket till den Tredje Mellanperioden, då Egypten sönderföll i två separata stater. Genom att studera de primära källor som rör Butehamon, bland annat brev, etiketter på mumier, graffiti, bilder och de högst ovanliga dekorationerna på Butehamons kista samt fynd från utgrävningarna av hans hus i Medinet Habu, undersöker denna uppsats vad man kan lära sig om Butehamon och projektet att flytta mumierna. Några av dessa källor tycks tyda på att han upplevde någon form av religiös kris, som kan ha utlösts av på skuldkänslor över hur han lät behandla de kungliga mumierna. Två av dessa kungligheter dyrkades som gudar i Deir el-Medinah och bilder på dem och delar av deras familj återfinns på Butehamons egen kista.

L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer l’importance clinique de l’antigène érythrocytaire canin Dal, en investiguant sa prévalence, son mode d’héritabilité et son immunogénicité. Un total de 1230 chiens a été recruté à travers l’Amérique du Nord et typés pour le Dal en utilisant des allo-anticorps polyclonaux et une technique sur colonne de gel. Des individus Dal-négatifs ont été identifiés chez les Dalmatiens (n=15/128), Doberman Pinschers (n=183/432), Shih Tzus (n=12/21), chiens de races croisées (3/122), Beagles (2/100), Lhasa Apso (1/3) et Bichon Frisé (1/6). Six donneurs de sang Dal-négatifs ont été identifiés, dont 5 Doberman Pinschers (1/228 donneurs d’une autre race). Tous les autres chiens testés étaient Dal-positifs (n=418). La rareté du sang Dal-négatif place les chiens Dal-négatifs à risque d’incompatibilité transfusionnelle lors de transfusions multiples. Cette étude est la première à identifier des individus Dal-négatifs chez des chiens de race autre que Dalmatien et à établir le mode d’héritabilité du Dal, soit autosomal dominant. Par la suite, 2 Beagles Dal-négatifs ont été sensibilisés spécifiquement pour le Dal en recevant une transfusion Dal-positif. Suivant la sensibilisation, des allo-anticorps anti-Dal ont été détectés à partir du 4ième jour post-transfusion et sont demeurés détectables jusqu’à 2 ans post-transfusion. Les titres d’agglutination maximaux (1:64 et 1:1024) ont été atteints 2 et 1 mois post-transfusion chez le chien #1 et le chien #2, respectivement. Cette étude a confirmé l’immunogénicité du Dal tout en ayant généré une quantité considérable d’allo-anticorps anti-Dal permettant de futurs typages sanguins Dal. / The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical importance of the Dal canine erythrocyte antigen by investigating its prevalence, its mode of inheritance and its immunogenicity. A total of 1230 dogs recruited from North America were blood typed for Dal applying a gel column technique using polyclonal canine anti-Dal sera. Dal-negative dogs were identified mostly in Dalmatians (15/128), Dobermans Pinschers (183/432) and Shih Tzus (12/21), and sporadically in mixed breed dogs (3/122), Beagles (2/100), Lhasa Apso (1/6) and Bichon Frise (1/3). All other dogs tested were Dal-positive (n= 418). Six Dal-negative blood donors were found, including 5 Doberman Pinschers (1/228 non-Dalmatian and non-Doberman Pinscher blood donors). The scarcity of Dal-negative blood donors puts Dal-negative patient at higher risk of transfusion incompatibility if requiring multiple blood transfusions. This study was the first to identify Dal-negative dogs in other breeds than Dalmatians and to establish an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance of the Dal-positive phenotype. Secondly, 2 Dal-negative healthy research Beagles were sensitized specifically for Dal with a Dal-positive packed red blood cell transfusion. Following sensitization, anti-Dal alloantibodies were detected as early as 4 days post-transfusion and remained detectable 2 years post-transfusion, with maximum agglutination titers (1:1024 and 1:64) reached respectively 1 and 2 months posttransfusion in dog #2 and dog #1. Our study confirmed the immunogenicity of the Dal and allowed banking of a considerable amount of polyclonal antisera for further Dal blood typing.

This thesis looks at a period of Northumbrian history when the king was a part Irish, Iona trained scholar. Some have suggested that Aldfrith was assisted to the kingship by the northern victors of the battle of Nechtansmere. It examines processes in the late seventh century to try to identify changes that might have happened during the reign of this king. The study begins with a wide overview of previous research to establish a basis from which to look for processes and change and also examines the sources available to us, written and archaeological. It then looks at the kingdoms to the north and west and at Aldfrith and the period of his reign. The suggestion is made that Aldfrith acted, with the Church, to cult saints that were Northumbrian and Romanist, as opposed to other options that might have been available. It proposes that the Northumbrians rejected opportunities to develop links with the north and west that may have been open to them. The following chapters then examine processes underway in Northumbria in three general areas; in the use of power, in society, and in the economy. It concludes that although many processes continued as before, these sped up and in certain areas such as the production of coins, and the consequential development of trade, it was a period of innovation. There is no evidence of a focus to the north and west during Aldfrith's reign and this has implications for how Aldfrith got to the throne, suggesting that it was with the support of the Northumbrian elite and not through the military strength of the Dál Riata or the Picts. The evidence is that Northumbria increasingly looked south for its influences and is prepared to absorb and implement processes and approaches from southern England, Gaul and Rome.

I denna uppsats studeras en sedan tidigare obehandlad källa rörande häxprocessen i Torsåkers socken i Ångermanland under 1600-talet. Källan som innehåller två rättsliga protokoll och en berättande text kring den ovan nämnda processen påträffades av en arkivarie vid namn Göran Gullbro i arkivet på länsmuseet Murberget i Härnösand. I och med studien har en avskrift av källan gjorts samt att dess innehåll har studerats och jämförts med redan sedan tidigare kända källor rörande ämnet. Här avses häradsrättens rannsakningsprotokoll från händelsen samt en avhandling i ämnet som publicerades 1771 författad av en Jöns Hornaeus.   Studien ger ett möjligt svar på frågan kring den funna källans beskaffenhet, samt en redogörelse för dess innehåll inför kommande studier. Hypoteserna om Jöns Hornaeus som författare till källans berättande del samt att de två protokollen skulle kunna vara avskrifter av det sedan runt 300 år tillbaka förlorade kommissionsdomstolsprotokollet testas med spännande resultat.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdlenaSP_TESE_PARCIAL.pdf: 36445 bytes, checksum: 906a477e5d52a6df016d2b8566404dda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / La tese avvicina le Memorie dal carcere, di Graciliano Ramos e i Quaderni dal carcere di Antonio Gramsci, in una prospettiva in cui essi erano uniti per lo stesso ideale politico della prima met? del XX secolo e rappresentavano la resistenza intellettuale di fronte alla repressione. Entrambi furono vittime dell autoritarismo dei poteri fascisti e registrarono il periodo di prigione in differenti forme memorialistiche. Questi scrittori sono uniti anche per il contesto nazionale molto simile per la differenza economica tra le regioni. Condividono, inoltre, anche il concetto di arte e la certezza che l alienzazione dell intelligenza pu? essere superata solamente attraverso la ricostruzione delle basi nazionali per mezzo della conoscenza, dell educazione e della cultura. Si vuole mostrare come i concetti di Gramsci sono presenti non solo nella convinzione politica di Graciliano, ma in tutto il suo stile letterario memorial?stico. Il lavoro, ancora, paragona le Memorie del carcere con due testi memorialistici di prigione in Italia, che sono Le mie prigioni, di Silvio Pellico, e Se questo ? un uomo, di Primo Levi, per dimostrare che la proposta della letteratura gramsciana ? molto pi? vicina allo scrittore brasiliano che ai due suoi conazionali. / tese aproxima as Mem?rias do c?rcere (1953), de Graciliano Ramos, e os Cadernos do c?rcere (1948) de Antonio Gramsci, visando evidenciar que os dois est?o unidos pelo mesmo ideal pol?tico da primeira metade do s?culo XX e representam a resist?ncia intelectual frente ? repress?o. Ambos foram v?timas do autoritarismo de poderes fascistas e registram o per?odo de pris?o em diferentes formas memorial?sticas. Esses escritores se aproximam tamb?m por contextos nacionais muito semelhantes de discrep?ncias econ?micas entre regi?es; aproximam-se ainda pelo conceito de arte e pela certeza de que a aliena??o da intelig?ncia somente pode ser superada atrav?s da reconstru??o das bases nacionais por meio do conhecimento, da educa??o e da cultura. Pretende-se mostrar como os conceitos de Gramsci est?o presentes n?o somente nas convic??es pol?ticas de Graciliano, mas em todo o seu fazer liter?rio de mem?rias da pris?o e demais obras. O trabalho ainda compara as Mem?rias do c?rcere com dois textos memorial?sticos de pris?o na It?lia, que s?o Le mie prigioni, de Silvio Pellico, e Se questo ? un uomo, de Primo Levi, para demonstrar que a proposta de literatura gramsciana est? muito mais pr?xima do escritor brasileiro que a dos seus compatriotas. / 2020-01-01

This is a biography of the scribe Butehamun. A member of a well-known family who had long lived in the village of Deir el-Medina working on the tombs in the Valley of Kings, Butehamun’s coming of age saw invasion and civil war in Thebes, and the end to the making of new tombs in the Valley, as the New Kingdom came to an end. Instead he was given the task by the High Priests of Amun to remove and rewrap royal mummies and rebury them in secret caches, while plundering them of their gold and other valuables for the coffers of the priestly rulers of Thebes. In many respects Butehamun was a tomb raider in the service of the High Priests of Amun. That project seems to have been successful: The mummy of every single king from the 18th through 21st Dynasties that has been identified and was found in a tomb was found in the two caches KV 35 or TT 320 (with the sole exception of Tutankhamun). Butehamun is unusually well-documented, leaving behind many letters, labels on coffins he worked with, graffiti, and highly unusual imagery on his own coffins. Two houses he lived in have been excavated, one with inscriptions about his family. This paper seeks to create a biography of Butehamun through the study of these things he left behind. One seems to reflect he may have suffered a crisis of faith, others may display instead a deep piety for Amun and pride in the royal mummy reburial project he carried out in the service of the god. / Detta är en biografi över skrivaren Butehamon. Han kom från en mycket känd familj som i många generationer verkat i byn Deir e-Medinah och arbetat med gravarna i Konungarnas dal. Han växte upp under en tid av invasion och inbördeskrig i Thebe, vilket ledde till slutet på det Nya riket och på byggandet av nya gravar i Dalen. Butehamons uppdrag från guden Amuns överstepräster blev istället att svepa om mumierna med nytt linne och avlägsna allt guld och andra värdesaker. Mumierna begravdes i nya hemliga förvaringsplatser, medan värdesakerna gick till Thebes religiösa härskare. Man kan beskriva Butehamon som en gravplundrare i tjänst hos översteprästerna. Projektet tycks ha varit en succé: Varenda kung från 18:e till och med 21:a dynastierna vars mumie har identifierats och som hittades i en grav fanns i ett av de två gömställena, KV 35 eller TT 320 (med Tutankhamon som enda undantag). Butehamon är ovanligt väldokumenterad, med många brev, etiketter på likkistor han arbetat med, graffiti samt de mycket ovanliga bilderna på hans egna likkistor. Två hus där han bodde har grävts ut, ett med inskriptioner om hans familj. Denna avhandling är en biografi över Butehamon baserad på studier av de saker han lämnade efter sig. En av dem tyder på en andlig kris, medan andra tycks avspegla en djup fromhet och tro på Amun och stolthet över det mumieprojekt han ledde i gudens tjänst.

Ett växande samhälle kräver ständigt behov av nya tekniska lösningar och innovationer för att fylla samhällets behov och dess fortsatta utveckling. I Sverige förekommer brister i innovationssystemet, där stöd till mindre bolag och för uppskalning är bristfälliga. Detta examensarbete består av en studie utförd för Produktionsänglar, ett koncept som stöttar startupföretag samt mindre företag som önskar skala upp en fysisk produkt från idé till serieproduktion. Produktionsänglar har tidigare lagt resurser på att förstå sig på startupföretagens perspektiv. Lika mycket tonvikt har inte lagts på tillverkarnas och därmed råder det inte samma förståelse för tillverkarnas perspektiv. Genom intervjuer med tillverkningsföretagen har kraven eller mer specifikt förutsättningar som tillverkningsföretagen sätter på startupföretagen identifierats. Detta för att båda parterna skall matchas utan svårigheter samtidigt som startupföretagens idé kan kommersialisera sig. Resultatet av studien visar att startupföretagen bör ha i överseende på fem förutsättningar för att de tillverkande företagen skall kunna ta an deras idé och samarbeta. De bör ha enekonomisk plan, matchande bransch med tydlig idé, se över marknadspotentialen, patent samt komma i kontakt med tillverkningsföretag i tidigare stadier. / A growing society requires a constant need for new technological solutions and innovations to meet the society's demands and for its continued development. In Sweden there are shortcomings in its innovation system, where support for small scale companies and for upscaling is deficient. This thesis consists of a study carried out for Produktionsänglar, a concept which supports startups and smaller companies that want to scale up a physical product from an idea to batch production. Produktionsänglar have previously invested resources in understanding the startups perspective, but the same emphasis has not been placed on the manufacturers side. Thus the same understanding does not exist regarding the manufacturers' perspective. Through interviews with manufacturing companies, the requirements, more specifically the conditions which the manufacturing company places on startups have been identified in order to match the two parties without difficulty and where the startups idea can commercialize. The results of the study show that startups need to review five conditions for manufacturing companies in order for them to adopt their idea and be willing to cooperate. They should have a financial plan, matching industry with a clear idea, review market potential, patents and get involved with the manufacturing companies in earlier stages.

Innovation has emerged in the latest decades as the key driver of economic growth. The Swedish Government has made innovation a key focus and supports a multitude of initiatives to improve the innovation capacity of Sweden. This thesis provides a multiple case study on hardware scaleups, to evaluate how they could be better supported in overcoming the valley of death by the Swedish innovation system. Through the framework of triple helix, actors representing all key areas were interviewed to achieve a holistic view on the system. Through interviews with both scaleups and other actors in the system, a picture of a gap between scaleups and existing infrastructure emerges. The findings show that improving the facilitation of connections between hardware scaleups and Swedish suppliers, improving the access to production competence, and simplifying the access to existing resources in the innovation system are all key to a better facilitation of hardware scaleups growth in Sweden. / Innovation har växt fram under de senaste decennierna som den främsta drivkraften för ekonomisk tillväxt. Den svenska staten har satt innovation i fokus, och stödjer en bredd av initiativ för att öka Sveriges innovationskapacitet.  Detta examensarete består av en multipel fallstudie på hårdvaruscaleups för att utvärdera hur deras tillväxt bättre kan faciliteras av det svenska innovationssystemet. Genom intervjuer med både scaleups och andra aktärer i systemet framkommer en bild av en värld där scaleups inte tar del av existerande innovationsinfrastruktur i full grad.  Studiens resultat visar att förbättrad facilitering av förbindelser mellan hårdvaruscaleups och underleverantörer, förbättrad tillgång till produktionskompetens, och en förenkling av användandet av existerande resurser i det svenska innovationssystemet är tre centrala faktorer för att bättre facilitera tillväxten för hårdvaruscaleups i Sverige.