本研究主要探討「旅遊目的地意象」、「口碑」與「滿意度」之關係。 「旅遊目的地意象」主要分為3種狀況：期待之旅遊目的地意象（體驗前之旅遊目的地意象）、實際體驗後之旅遊目的地意象，以及旅遊目的地意象之落差。 本研究也探討旅客對旅遊目的地之資訊收集方式及其可靠度，與體驗前之旅遊目的地意象、旅遊目的地意象之落差，和旅遊滿度的相關性。旅客資訊收集的方式，共分為：（1）傳統口碑傳播、（2）傳統媒體傳播、（3）電子口碑傳播、（4）電子媒體傳播四種。 旅遊目的地意象量表的內容由兩大部份組成，第一部份借用Florida(2012) 所提出的創意城市4T條件，發展出創意城市量表，本研究不在討論創意城市，而是借用4T的條件來衡量旅客對目的地的意象。第二部份則根據Pine II & Gilmore(1998) 體驗經濟的4大領域，作為另一個測量旅客對旅遊目的地意象的體驗知覺量表。分別跑出創意城市意象和體驗知覺意象兩個因素，前者的Cronbach’ s α值為.658，後者的Cronbach’ s α值為.881。 旅遊滿意度量表，包括整體滿意度、重遊意願、推薦意願和移居意願的內容，共7個題目，得出一個因素，Cronbach’ s α值為.790。 所有量表評分之方式皆採用 Likert 5點量表，從「非常不同意」、「不同意」「普通」、「同意」到「非常同意」，分別給予1至5分。 本研究的對象為宜蘭的旅客，於2013年6月2日，及6月9日，下午5時至晚上11時，在宜蘭縣羅東鎮之火車站及客運站發放問卷。總共收集208個有效樣本，25歲以下占74%；學生占73.6%；台北人占55%、宜蘭人占11％、台北及宜蘭以外地區占34%。 在旅客旅遊現況方面： 旅遊資訊收集方式之採用狀況（複選題），「電子媒體傳播」（96.2%）為最多，「傳統口碑傳播」（90.4%）第2多， 「傳統媒體傳播」（88.5%）為第三， 「電子口碑傳播」（81.7%）人數最少。採用百分比均超過81.7％，表示大部份旅客會同時採用多種旅遊資訊收集方式。 旅遊資訊收集方式之可靠程度，由高至低之排序為「傳統口碑傳播」（4.02）、 「電子口碑傳播」（3.35）「電子媒體傳播」（3.41）、「傳統媒體傳播」（3.18）。 實際體驗前，旅客期待之旅遊目的地意象，創意城市意象為3.426，旅客體驗意象為3.7139。 實際體驗後之旅遊目的地意象，創意城市整體印象為3.4875，旅客整體體驗為3.90064。 旅遊目的地意象之落差雖然很小（旅遊目的地意象之落差 = 體驗後之旅遊目的地意象－期待之旅遊目的地意象），但各項數值基本都有所提升，創意城市整體印象之落差為0.0615，旅客整體體驗之落差為0.1867，可見旅客實際體驗後之旅遊目的地意象皆比期待稍為好。 旅遊滿意度由7個題目構成整個量表，分數為3.8482，接近同意。細部分為三個構面來看，平衡分數依序為：(1)包括重遊意願的整體滿意度(4.1995)，(2)推薦意願(平均分為3.881)，(3)移居意願(3.0144)。從各構面的狀況，可見旅客對宜蘭的整體滿意度及重遊意願很高，也願意透過各種資料收集方式推薦宜蘭，但是移居宜蘭的意願只有普通。 在假設驗證方面： 1. 旅客對各類已收集之旅遊資訊的信任度與期待之旅遊目的地意象具有顯著的正相關，大部份假設成立。 2. 旅客期待之旅遊目的地意象與實際體驗後之旅遊目的地意象具有顯著的正相關，假設皆成立。 3. 旅客實際體驗後之旅遊目的地意象與旅遊滿意度具有顯著正相關，假設皆成立。 4. 旅客期待之旅遊目的地意象與旅遊滿意度具有顯著的正相關，假設皆成立。 5. 旅客對各類已收集之旅遊資訊的信任度與目的地意象之落差具有顯著的負相關，只有旅客對以電子媒體傳播方式收集之旅遊資訊信任度與目的地意象之落差(以旅客體驗角度) 具有顯著的負相關，假設成立。 6. 目的地意象之落差與旅遊滿意度具有顯著的相關，假設皆不成立。 7. 旅客對各類已收集之旅遊資訊的信任度與旅遊滿意度具有顯著的正相關，結果大部份假設成立。 / The major purpose of this research was to explore the relationship among Destination Image, Word-of-Mouth, and Satisfaction. Destination Image includes 3 situations: Expected Destination Image (期待之旅遊目的地意象), Destination Image After Visiting (實際之旅遊目的地意象), and Gap between Expected and Actual Destination Image (旅遊目的地意象之落差). This research also explored how travelers collect tourist information, including: (1) traditional word-of-mouth dissemination (傳統口碑傳播), (2) traditional advertising dissemination (傳統媒體傳播), (3) electronic word-of-mouth dissemination (電子口碑傳播), and (4) electronic advertising dissemination (電子媒體傳播). The Destination Image Scale is composed of two parts, which include the Traveler Experience Scale from Pine II & Gilmore (1998), and the concepts of Creative City Scale from Florida (2012). The reliability of the scales are .658 and .881. The Satisfaction Scale includes three parts: Total Satisfaction (including willingness to revisit) (整體滿意度和重遊意願), Willingness to Recommend (推薦意願) and Willingness to Migrate (移居意願). The reliability of the scales is .790. All measurement used a 5-point Likert-scale, from 5 (strongly agree) to 1 (strongly disagree). The subjects of this research were travelers to Yilan on June 2 and June 9, 2013, from 5pm to 11pm. 208 questionnaires were collected at bus stations and the train station in Luodong Township of Yilan County. 74% of respondents were under 25 years old; 73.6% were students; 55% were from Taipei, 11% from Yilan, and 34% from other cities. The current traveler information gathering situation: Regarding travelers collecting tourist information, most travelers use electronic advertising dissemination (96.2%), followed by traditional word-of-mouth dissemination (90.4%), traditional advertising dissemination, and finally electronic word-of-mouth dissemination (81.7%). With all four information collection rates above 80%, it is clear that travelers use more than one way to the gather tourist information. The degree of dependence for the methods of collecting information (旅遊資訊收集方式之可靠程度) from high to low is traditional word-of-mouth dissemination, (4.02), electronic word-of-mouth dissemination (3.35), electronic advertising dissemination (3.41), and finally traditional advertising dissemination (3.18). Before visiting the destination (Expected Destination Image) the overall image of a creative city (創意城市整體印象) was 3.426, and overall traveler experience (旅客整體體驗) was 3.7139. Regarding Destination Image After Visiting, the overall creative city image was 3.4875, and overall traveler experience was 3.90064. The Gap between Expected and Actual Destination Image (旅遊目的地意象之落差) was very low, but all evaluations showed an increase from pre- to post-visit. The same method of comparison showed that the gap between the overall image of creative city was 0.0615, and the gap between overall traveler experience is 0.1867. From this, we can see that for the se travelers, the reality was better than the expectation. The Satisfaction Scale included 3 items, from high to low, and Total Satisfaction included willingness to revisit (4.1995), willingness to recommend (3.881), and willingness to migrate (3.0144). Hypothesis testing: 1. Most correlations between the trustworthiness of collected information (旅客對各類已收集之旅遊資訊的信任度) and Expected Destination Image (期待之旅遊目的地意象) were significant and positive. 2. All correlations between Expected Destination Image (期待之旅遊目的地意象) and Destination Image After Visiting (實際之旅遊目的地意象) were significant and positive. 3. All correlations between Destination Image After Visiting (實際之旅遊目的地意象) and Satisfaction (旅遊滿意度) were significant and positive. 4. All correlations between Expected Destination Image (期待之旅遊目的地意象) and Satisfaction (旅遊滿意度) were significant and positive. 5. Only one hypothesis had a significant negative correlation between the trustworthiness of collected information (旅客對各類已收集之旅遊資訊的信任度) and Gap between Expected and Actual Destination Image (旅遊目的地意象之落差). 6. There was no significant correlation between Gap between Expected and Actual Destination Image (旅遊目的地意象之落差) and Satisfaction (旅遊滿意度). 7. Most correlations between the trustworthiness of collected information (旅客對各類已收集之旅遊資訊的信任度) and Satisfaction (旅遊滿意度) were significant and positive.

Syfte: Den här studien undersöker hur företaget Icehotel arbetar med marknadsföring samt vad som lockar turisten att besöka denna turistattraktion. Vi har valt att studera och forska närmare kring människans fem sinnen, vilket består av syn, ljud, lukt, smak och känsel. Metod: I denna studie arbetar vi med kvalitativa metoder. Vi har utfört en deltagande observation på plats för att kunna få en djupgående förståelse för hur de fem sinnena påverkas under vistelsen. En stor del av empirin består av information som vi har fått genom email- och kvalitativa intervjuer. Det är sju informanter som har besvarat våra intervjufrågor. I analyskapitlet framkommer en diskussion om vår observation och våra egna tankar kring studien. Teori: Vi har i denna uppsats använt oss utav fem teoretiska referensramar och en modell. Teorierna är Sinnesmarknadsföring, Destinationsmarknadsföring, Konsumentkultur, Image och Word of mouth. Modellen heter Människans fem sinnen och sinnesupplevelser. Slutsats: I denna studie om Icehotel har vi kommit fram till att en marknadsföringsstrategi med fokus på människans fem sinnen kan gynna ett företag. Vi har dragit slutsatsen att sinnesmarknadsföring är ett okänt begrepp och om fler företagare blir informerade om dess inverkan kommer de förmodligen att tillämpa det. En förbättrad image kan höja gästernas och dagsbesökarnas helhetsupplevelse. / Purpose: This study examines how the company Icehotel works with marketing and what attracts tourists to visit this tourist attraction. We have chosen to study and research closely on the five human senses, which consists sight, sound, smell, taste and touch. Methodology: The chosen method for this study is that of qualitative method. We have conducted a participatory observation on the destination in order to get a deeper understanding of how the five senses are affected. The empirical data consists of information that we have received by email- and qualitative interviews. In the study seven respondents have answered our interview questions. In the analysis section emerges a discussion of our observation and our own thoughts on the study.  Theory: We have used five theoretical frameworks, as well as one theoretical model from this study. Our theories include, Sensory Marketing, Destination Marketing, Consumer Culture, Image and Word of mouth. The model is called, “The sensory experiences” Findings: In this study about the Icehotel, we came to a conclusion that a marketing strategy with a focus on the five senses can be beneficial for businesses. Sensory marketing is currently an unknown concept. If more entrepreneurs are informed about its impact, they will perhaps apply it. By applying the five senses to their marketing strategies, businesses' images can improve. Hence, raise guests and 'day visitors' overall experiences.

This study discusses the routing optimization techniques and algorithms for communication networks. Preventing data loss on overloaded communication links and utilizing link bandwidths efficiently are the main problems of traffic engineering. Load balancing and routing problems are solved using both by heuristics such as genetic algorithms, and simulation techniques. These algorithms work on destination-based or flow-based routing techniques and mainly change the link weight system or try to select the best routes set upon K-routes routing table respectively to optimize network utilization. In this study, first a definition of the network routing optimization problem will be made. Then the heuristics to solve the problem will be discussed and finally an analysis of these heuristics will be made on sample network models. This thesis includes a discussion about the performance of different optimization heuristics working as a part of the centralized network load balancing systems.

The natural environment is a key attraction for Australia???s tourism industry. In order to prevent the deterioration of the environment, environmental management measures have been adopted by the tourism industry. Some of these measures are related to environmental regulations imposed on tourism operators by governments. However, given the dependence of the nature-based tourism industry on the environment, voluntary environmental management measures have also been instituted. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the effect of environmental management on the competitiveness of a nature-based tourism destination. For that purpose, Tropical North Queensland, a major Australian nature-based destination, is selected as a case study. Competitiveness is measured by the aggregate profitability of the tourism industry in the destination region. The investigation incorporates an assessment of the simultaneous effects of environmental management on the destination???s tourism demand and on business costs to tourism operators at the destination. The conceptual background to the investigations is discussed in the first part of the thesis. It includes the rationale for choosing a nature-based destination region as the unit of analysis. The conceptual framework is a departure from the conventional analysis of the relationship between the environment and international competitiveness in which the effect of regulatory compliance costs is emphasised. In this thesis, the potential demand benefits and the associated voluntary environmental management are added to the conventional analytical framework. The primary data for the analysis are derived from two separate investigations. The first comprises an analysis of the tourism industry in Tropical North Queensland. The second investigation involves a discrete choice modelling analysis of destination choices by prospective visitors to Tropical North Queensland. The empirical results show that it is justified to treat the nature-based tourism destination region, Tropical North Queensland, as an aggregate entity in the analysis. The destination competes as a collective unit with other destinations. This is done, predominantly, on the basis of the region???s high-quality natural attractions. The empirical analyses show that tourism businesses??? costs due to environmental management are small in comparison with the positive demand effects. The cost and demand effects are assessed in a quantitative fashion in an economic model. That analysis shows that environmental management makes a positive contribution to Tropical North Queensland???s competitiveness as a nature-based tourism destination.

Submitted by BENEDITO LUIZ MARTINS null (martins_bl@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-17T18:07:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL _2017.pdf: 3661389 bytes, checksum: 7b4001b28a033f80f30fdf4f28f9e7b1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2018-01-22T11:31:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 martins,bl_dr_bot.pdf: 3661389 bytes, checksum: 7b4001b28a033f80f30fdf4f28f9e7b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T11:31:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martins,bl_dr_bot.pdf: 3661389 bytes, checksum: 7b4001b28a033f80f30fdf4f28f9e7b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-30 / O exponencial crescimento populacional e a crescente urbanização, agravado pelo desenvolvimento econômico da sociedade, tem como resultado o crescimento da geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos e também a necessidade cada vez maior de energia. As formas de destinação e disposição de resíduos impactam negativamente o meio ambiente. No entanto, os resíduos podem ser utilizados para recuperação de energia, a qual pode ser adicionada à matriz do país. A realização da gestão integrada dos resíduos sólidos, com base na Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, apresenta também condições para o Brasil atuar de forma responsável e com mais sustentabilidade, através de uso de instrumentos como a logística reversa e a responsabilidade compartilhada, o que pode permitir a composição gradual da hierarquia da boa gestão dos resíduos sólidos: não gerar, reusar, reciclar, destinar e dispor. O objetivo desta tese é realizar um estudo sobre um projeto regional com 39 municípios para análise comparativa para destinação dos rejeitos dos resíduos sólidos urbanos em um incinerador e disposição em um aterro sanitário com captação do biogás, considerando a possibilidade de recuperação energética em ambos os sistemas. Em complemento objetiva-se a elaboração de uma análise documental sobre o tema resíduos sólidos com abordagem de critérios que possam ser comparados entre os dois sistemas, especificamente: emissão de gases de efeito estufa, ocupação de área física de terra, impactos negativos ao meio ambiente e hierarquia dos sistemas na gestão de resíduos sólidos. Para realização deste estudo foram adotadas as seguintes metodologias: análise documental sobre os resíduos sólidos; caracterização gravimétrica das frações de resíduos sólidos produzidas na região; cálculo de captação do biogás com recuperação energética utilizando a equação elabora pelo IPCC - International Panel on Climate Change, com distribuição triangular da produção do metano gerado ao longo dos anos pela degradação lenta e rápida dos resíduos; e recuperação de energia em sistema de incineração adotando-se o valor de 500 kWh por tonelada de resíduo sólido incinerada. Assumiu-se o período de 15 anos de disposição de resíduos sólidos em aterro sanitário, mas com captação do biogás no período de 30 anos, e funcionamento do sistema de incineração pelo período de 30 anos, como forma de comparação da recuperação energética em igual período entre ambos os sistemas. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os sistemas podem produzir energia, mas o sistema de incineração tem eficiência maior em 3,2 vezes. O sistema de aterro sanitário ocupa área física de terra 18 vezes maior e emite gases de efeito estufa 2,9 vezes mais que o sistema de incineração. Ambos os sistemas causam impactos ambientais negativos, e na análise da hierarquia para a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos a destinação de resíduos sólidos em incinerador é estabelecida como a penúltima opção, enquanto que a disposição em aterro sanitário é a última opção. A conclusão do estudo é que a incineração leva vantagem sobre o aterro sanitário na gestão de resíduos sólidos, porque gera mais energia elétrica, emite menos gases de efeito estufa, utiliza menos área física de terra e, por ser um sistema fechado e estanque apresenta melhores condições para mitigação dos impactos ambientais negativos. / The exponential population growth and increasing urbanization, aggravated by the economic development of society, results in the growth of urban solid waste generation and also the increasing need for energy. The destination and disposal of solid waste cause negative impacts in the environment. However, solid waste can be used for energy recovery, which can be added to the country matrix. The implementation of integrated solid waste management, based on the National Solid Waste Policy, also presents conditions for Brazil to act in a responsible and more sustainable way, through the use of instruments such as reverse logistics and shared responsibility, which may allow the gradual composition of the hierarchy of ideal solid waste management: not generate, reuse, recycle, destine and dispose. The objective of this thesis is to realize a study on a regional project with 39 municipalities for comparative analysis for the destination of waste from urban solid waste in an incinerator and disposal in a landfill with biogas capture, considering the possibility of energy recovery in both systems. In addition, the objective of this paper is to elaborate a documentary analysis on the subject of solid waste, with approach to criteria that can be compared between the two systems, specifically: greenhouse gas emissions, occupation of the physical area of land, negative impacts on the environment and hierarchy of systems in solid waste management. In order to carry out this study, the following methodologies were adopted: documentary analysis on solid waste; gravimetric characterization of solid waste fractions produced in the region; calculation of biogas capture with energy recovery using the equation elaborated by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), with a triangular distribution of the methane production generated over the years by the slow and rapid degradation of the wastes; and energy recovery in the incineration system, adopting the value of 500 kWh per ton of solid waste incinerated. It was adopted the period of 15 years for disposal of solid waste in landfill, but with biogas collection over a period of 30 years, and operation of the incineration system for a period of 30 years was used as a way of comparing the energy recovery in the same period between both systems. The results showed that both systems can produce energy, but the incineration system has a higher efficiency by 3,2 times. The landfill system occupies an area of land that is 18 times larger and emits greenhouse gases 2,9 times more than the incineration system. Both systems cause negative environmental impacts, and in the analysis of the hierarchy for the management of municipal solid waste the destination of solid waste in incinerator is established as the penultimate option, while landfill disposal is the last option. The conclusion of the study is that incineration takes advantage of the landfill in solid waste management because it generates more electricity, emits less greenhouse gases, uses less physical land area and, because it is a closed system, it has better conditions to mitigate negative environmental impacts.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:51:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcioMC_DISSERT.pdf: 2917876 bytes, checksum: 6618176c63435f1be7b0c9123c48f4cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-05 / This dissertation aims to analyze the causal relationship between the quality of tourist services, satisfaction with the attributes and globally, fidelity and image of tourist destinations. Therefore, it was conducted an exploratory, descriptive research with quantitative analytical approach. Data collection was performed by a questionnaire addressed to tourists at the Augusto Severo International Airport and Bus station of Natal, the main points of entry and exit of tourists. The composition was simple random sampling by reaching the final number of 400 tourists interviewed. Among the main results, is an assessment of the quality of the components of the destination. It was noted that nine are the dimensions of perceived quality of tourism products and services of ―Sun and Sand‖ segment, that is, Beaches and Facilities, Public Equipment, Catering Services, Transportation, Hotel Equipment, Hotel Services, Entertainment & Attractions, Access to the Hotel and Hospitality. Moreover, it was concluded that the Preview Tourism Destination Image has little direct influence in the Consumer Satisfaction, and only indirectly in the Post-Purchase Behavior. While the Complex Tourism Destination Image exerts strong and direct influence on both factors, in the Customer Satisfaction Process and Loyalty, the dimensions of quality also claimed to be strongly influences both factors / Esta disserta??o pretendeu analisar a rela??o causal entre a Qualidade dos Servi?os Tur?sticos, a Satisfa??o com os atributos e de forma global, a Fidelidade e a Imagem de Destinos Tur?sticos. Para tanto, se realizou um estudo explorat?rio-descritivo, do tipo Survey, com enfoque anal?tico quantitativo. A coleta de dados foi realizada atrav?s de question?rio aplicado junto aos turistas nacionais no Aeroporto Internacional Augusto Severo e na Rodovi?ria da Cidade do Natal, principais locais de entrada e sa?da de turistas. A composi??o amostral foi aleat?ria simples chegando-se ao n?mero final de 400 turistas entrevistados. Dentre os principais resultados, encontra-se um diagn?stico da qualidade dos componentes do destino tur?stico Natal. Observou-se, tamb?m, que s?o noves as dimens?es da percep??o de qualidade dos produtos e servi?os tur?sticos de Sol e Praia, ou seja, Praias e Facilidades, Equipamentos P?blicos, Restaura??o, Servi?os de Transportes, Equipamentos do Hotel, Servi?os do Hotel, Entretenimento e Atrativos, Acesso ao Hotel e Hospitalidade. Al?m disso, concluiu-se que a Imagem Pr?via do Destino Tur?stico exerce pouca influ?ncia direta junto a Satisfa??o do Consumidor, e apenas indireta no Comportamento P?s-Compra (Fidelidade). Enquanto que a Imagem Complexa exerce influ?ncia forte e direta tanto no processo de Satisfa??o do Consumidor quanto no de Fideliza??o dele, as dimens?es da qualidade encontradas tamb?m se apresentaram como fortes influenciadoras de ambos os fatores

Le tourisme a été généralement défini comme le voyage d'une personne à une destination pour y faire une escale avant de revenir à son milieu d'origine. La perception d'une destination est donc au centre de l’étude lors de l'examen de laproposition du tourisme expliqué dans le cadre de cette thèse. Mais la perception de la destination a aussi des caractéristiques très difficiles. Afin de vérifier cela, nous devons considérer ce que le marketing des professionnels et des chercheurs ont apporté. Metelka (1990, p.46) et Vukonic (1997) ont défini une destination comme “un lieu géographique où les gens peuvent séjourner », tandis que Gunn (1994) explique une destination comme une zone géographique "suffisamment développé pour répondre aux objectifs de voyageurs" (Gunn, 1994, p.27). De ce point de vue, les destinations touristiques peuvent être associées soit à un pays ou soit à un (ou plusieurs) région, une ville ou des sites touristiques ; la destination est une notion géographique ou spatiale qui est d'abord définie par ses propres visiteurs. Dans la condition où le lieu n’est pas familier au touriste, l'endroit ne peut pas être considéré comme destination. Cependant, de nombreuses questions sont abordées dans la présente thèse pour comprendre comment une place peut devenir ensuite une destination, ainsi que les implications de cette transformation. / Firstly, tourism has been defined as a journey of an individual to a destination for a stopover, then return to his/her origin environment. The perception of a destination is therefore at a centre, considering the tourism proposition explained here. Above and beyond this, the perception of a destination also has significantly difficult characteristics. To verify this, we have to consider what marketing professionals and researchers bring to it. Metelka (1990, p.46) describes a destination as "the geographic location to which someone travels." Vukonic (1997) also relates the term to that factor whereas Gunn (1994) explains a destination is recognised by the travel market as a geographical area "sufficiently developed to meet the objectives of travellers" (Gunn, 1994, p.27). From this standpoint, tourist destinations may have the scope of being a country or (one or more) region, city or an exact site. The destination is a geographical or spatial notion that is first definedby its visitors. In the condition that no stranger visits a place, that place cannot be deliberated as a destination. This image gives the impression of asserting the obvious. However, many issues are discussed in this paper for a place tosubsequently become a destination, as well as the implications of this transformation.

This research explores the development of sustainable tourism in destinations in the Baltic region and in the case of Visby, Gotland. The purpose is to contribute to the understanding how destination management organisations and local communities in these destinations work together to develop the destination. The aim is to investigate how these actors work together in practice and to compare the findings with an ideal collaborative approach. The research design consists of a mixed-method approach and uses two web-based questionnaires to investigate the destinations in the Baltic region and in-depth interviews to gain insights into the case of Visby, Gotland. The research findings provide information on how sustainable tourism is targeted and understood in the destinations and what drivers and barriers for a collaborative approach exist. The findings create a better understanding on how different actors in the destination work and why an ideal collaborative approach is a necessity for the development of a sustainable destination. Overall, the results shed light on the fact that an ideal collaboration can overcome the four major lacks (lack of communication, lack of knowledge, lack of responsibilities, and lack of support) as found in the destinations. This study provides an understanding of factors affecting the development of a collaborative approach and thereby, the development of sustainable tourism. Further, the study highlights how an ideal collaborative approach in a destination can foster sustainability in the tourism industry.

O município de Porto Alegre possui uma única estação de transbordo localizada no bairro Lomba do Pinheiro (Zona Leste) que recebe todo o resíduo sólido urbano (RSU) coletado, que tem como destino final o aterro sanitário localizado em Minas do Leão/RS. Uma parte deste material é triado, com separação de materiais recicláveis que são vendidos às indústrias de reciclagem através de unidades de triagem conveniadas à prefeitura local e material orgânico, que através do processo de compostagem é transformado em composto e comercializado. Foi feito um levantamento de dados relativos aos RSU como: volumes de coleta, quilometragem percorrida pelos caminhões de coleta, custo de equipamentos e áreas disponíveis no município. Após a análise destes dados, constatou-se a possibilidade de otimizar o serviço de coleta e de disposição final. Esta otimização pretende reduzir tanto os impactos ambientais gerados por estas atividades, bem como os custos decorrentes. A criação de uma segunda estação de transbordo, proposta para a área do já enclausurado aterro da Zona Norte, foi a opção que melhor atendeu aos critérios estabelecidos. A nova estação de transbordo apresenta vantagens relacionadas à adoção de novas tecnologias, à economia e a preservação ambiental. A área escolhida para o novo transbordo levou em conta aspectos como: centralidade, área útil disponível e provável facilidade no licenciamento ambiental. Na concepção do novo transbordo sugere-se a instalação de equipamentos compactadores, bem como medidas para maximizar a triagem de resíduos e o conseqüente diminuição de materiais destinados ao aterro sanitário, com conseqüente economia no transporte e aumento da vida útil do aterro. Para a estação de transbordo atual, na Lomba do Pinheiro, sugere-se um aumento na triagem de resíduos e o conseqüente aumento na produção do composto. Estas providências reduzem significativamente a massa de resíduos que diariamente é destinada ao aterro em Minas do Leão. / The city of Porto Alegre has a single transshipment station located in the district of Lomba do Pinheiro (East) that receives all the colleted municipal solid waste (MSW) , which has as final destination the sanitary landfill located in nearby city of Minas do Leão / RS. Part of this waste is separated and the recyclable materials are sold to local recycling industries of recycling through units of selection that have signed agreements with the city authorities. The organic waste goes through the process o composting and then sold. A survey was done on MSW looking at: volumes of collection, milage of the collecting trucks, the cost of equipment and available areas in the county. After analysis of these data, there was the possibility to optimize the service of collection and final disposal. This optimization reduces both the environmental impacts generated by these activities as well as the costs involved. The creation of a second transhipment station in the Northern District sanitary landfill area was the option that best met the established criteria. This new transhipment station has advantages related to the adoption of new technologies, the economy and environmental preservation. The area chosen for the new transshipment station took into account aspects such as: central location, available usefull area and easy environmental licensing. The concept of a new transhipment station suggests the installation of compacting equipments as well as actions to maximize the sorting of waste and the consequent reduction of materials destinated to the landfill with consequent economy in transport and increasing the useful life of the landfill. To the Lomba Pinheiro transshipment station it is suggested an increase in the sorting of waste and the consequent increase in the production of compost. These procedures significantly reduce the mass of daily waste that is destinated to the landfill in Minas do Leão.

Supported the expansion of free time leisure for workers from the post-industrial period, marked by technological development and the improvement of services, tourism earned irreplaceable connotations for companies using the rest and renewal needs of consumers as a reference for their growth. Realizing the new dynamic that gained strength from the late nineteenth century and turned into right politically advocated for improving the lives - especially in countries of Europe - governments have entered into partnerships with the private sector for guidance, revitalization and organization of the tourism sector, in order to serve as inexhaustible financial fuel to regions. In Brazil, especially in the Northeast, the process is set based on other peculiarities and dynamics that need further scientific attention. Seeking to organize the tourism sector as an alternative to exit the economic backwardness in the face of developing regions such as South and Southeast, the Northeast became worth of emergency strategic plans to create destinations and receive tourists, with the expansion of the hotel network, repair of historic structures and symbolic construction of natural destinations, for example. It is necessarily in this sense that this work will turn, whether the use of a sociology of political and administrative activities of the State. Fundamentally, the research will focus on the state of Alagoas, in order to know the process of organization and the dynamics that involve the translation and implementation of national tourism policies, and identify the relevance of these policies in the construction of destinations. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Amparado na ampliação do tempo livre ao lazer para os trabalhadores a partir do período pós-industrial, marcado pelo desenvolvimento tecnológico e pelo melhoramento dos serviços, o turismo conquistou conotações de insubstituível para as sociedades, usando das necessidades de descanso e renovação dos consumidores como referencial para o seu crescimento. Percebendo a nova dinâmica que ganhou força a partir do final do século XIX e se transformou em direito politicamente defendido para melhoria da vida - sobretudo nos países da Europa - governos firmaram parcerias com o setor privado para a orientação, revitalização e organização do segmento turístico, no intuito de servir como combustível financeiro inesgotável às regiões. No Brasil, sobretudo na região Nordeste, o processo se configurou com base em outras peculiaridades e dinâmicas que carecem de maior atenção científica. Buscando organizar o setor do turismo como alternativa para sair do atraso econômico em face às regiões em desenvolvimento, como Sul e Sudeste, o Nordeste se fez valer de planos estratégicos emergenciais para criar os destinos e receber os turistas, como a ampliação da rede hoteleira, reparação de estruturas históricas e construção simbólica dos destinos naturais, por exemplo. É necessariamente nesse sentido que o presente trabalho se direcionará, no uso de uma sociologia das atividades políticas e administrativas do Estado. Fundamentalmente, a pesquisa se concentrará no Estado de Alagoas, no intuito de conhecer esse processo de organização e as dinâmicas que envolvem a tradução e aplicação das políticas públicas nacionais de turismo, além de identificar a relevância dessas políticas na construção dos destinos.