A presente tese visa retomar a análise dos processos de segregação, com ênfase nas relações entre drogadicção, família e sociedade, para com isto investigar como a hiperdeterminação entre exclusão social e exclusão psíquica leva o sujeito a propagar social e geracionalmente a Segregação, podendo, também (por causa de outrem), encontrar origem nessa. Em outros termos, buscamos verificar neste trabalho, conceitualmente, bem como na e através da interpretação dos casos “escutados”, a possível provocação foraclusiva da drogadicção, assim como os seus efeitos de retroalimentação perversa existentes no nível extensivo do laço social (toxicomania), vistos enquanto produtos e produtores dos processos de segregação. Isto implica admitir a vigência de uma suposição que articula conceitualmente, em espiral dialética, as categorias de: Foraclusão do Nome-do-Pai, auto e hetero Exclusão (através da agressividade egoica) e Segregação. Para tal, elaboramos um quadro teórico-clínico que responde à articulação da psicanálise intensiva (clínica) com a psicanálise extensiva, enquanto abordagem que possibilitou o mapeamento do modo de ser do fenômeno da droga, como um sintoma social. E, por se tratar de uma categoria extensiva, que nos confronta com o tema da Segregação, nossa abordagem buscou pensar as condições psíquicas e sociais da exclusão (drogatícia), com vistas à proposição de subsídios teóricos às medidas sócio-pedagógicas em prol dos necessários atos de inclusão nos ambientes escolares. Assim, do ponto de vista do excluído, por vezes um drogadito, o estudo constatou a presença possível de três questões: 1º) a agressividade egoica; 2º) uma tendência à ruína psíquica, expressa na forma auto-hostil de um gozo com a morte, causada pela recusa do desmame, em função da suposição de fusão com o objeto impossível; e, 3º) a possível falência social e transmissiva da família. Já enfocando os efeitos sociais da toxicomania, levantamos a possibilidade: 1º) da inserção do drogadito, por efeito de estrutura, na perversão social; 2º) da configuração extensiva de uma relação entre o duo drogadicção/toxicomania e o binômio Kant/Sade; e finalmente, 3º) do contexto retroativo da Segregação que, ao hiperdeterminar exclusão social e (auto-)exclusão psíquica, leva o sujeito (drogadito), não só a transmitir a segregação, inclusive geracionalmente, mas também, por causa da ancestralidade, a tomá-la como fato originário. Por isso, em nosso percurso experimental fomos forçados a reconhecer a validade do diagnóstico lacaniano sobre a morte do olhar do Outro, principalmente no que concerne a função simbólica da metáfora paterna, condição de possibilidade dos processos civilizatórios e educativos. Em face desta foraclusão do Outro, no nível do laço social, nossa leitura, em caráter preventivo, visou destacar a importância da promoção e da transmissão, na infância, do referencial simbólico e amoroso, quando emanado da paternidade. Por outro lado, do ponto de vista dos casos individuais, nossa abordagem enfatiza a “escuta”, enquanto ato capaz de colocar limite ao gozo com a morte (em suas formas auto e hetero-hostis), possibilitando ao sujeito (drogadito ou não) se incluir ali onde ele se excluiu, na família, na escola e na sociedade. / This thesis has the objective to review the analysis of the segregation processes, emphatizing the relation among the drug addiction, family and the society, to investigate how the overdetermination between social exclusion and psycho exclusion lead the subject to spread social and generationaly the Segregation, it also can (because of the other) be constitute in this. In other terms, we try to check in this paper, conceptualy as well as in and through the interpretation of the “listened” cases, the possible drug addiction exclusive provocation as its effects of the perverse retro-feeding existent in the extensive level from the social link (toxicomania), as products and producers from the segregation processes. This implies to admit the force of a supposition that conceptually articulates in dialectic spiral the categories of: Exclusion from Name-of-the-Father, self and hetero Exclusion (through the ego agressivity) and Segregation. For this, we elaborate a clinic-theoric scene that responds to the articulation from the intensive (clinic) with the extensive psychoanalysis, that as approaching makes possible the cartography of the way of being from the drug phenomenon, like a social symptom. And, because it is a extensive category that confronts us with the Segregation theme, our approaching try to think the psychical and social conditions from the exclusion (drug use), in order to the theoric subsidy proposition to the social-pedagocial measures on behalf of the necessary inclusion action in the school environment. So, from the point of view from the exclude subject, sometimes a drug user, the study notices the possible presence of three issues: 1st) ego agressivity; 2nd) a tendency to psycho ruin, expresses in from of self-hostile enjoyment with the death caused by the refusal from stopping weaning as a result of the supposition fusion with the impossible object; and 3rd) the possible social and transmissive bankruptcy of the family. Pointing out the social effects from the toximania, we got the possibility: 1st) the drug user insertion by the structure effect in the social perversion; 2nd) from extensive configuration of a relation among the duo addiction/toximania and the bi-named Kant/Sade; and finally, 3rd) from the Segregation’s retroactive context that as overdetermine social exclusion and psycho (self-)exclusion leads the subject (drug user) not just to transmit the segregation, even generationaly, but also because of the ancestrality, gets it as originate fact. Because of this, in our experimental journey we are forced to recognize the validity of the “lacaniano” diagnostic over the look´s death from other, mainly concerning to the symbolic function from the father’s metaphora, that is, possibility condition from the civilizatory and educative processes. Because of the Other inclusion in the social link level, our reading, in preventive character, aims to point out the importance of the promotion and transmission in the childhood of the symbolic and loving referencial when emaneted from the fatherhood. On the other hand, from the point of view of individual cases, our approaching emphatizes the “listening” while capable action to put limit to the enjoyment with the death (in their forms self and hetero-hostile), making possible to the subject (drug user) includes himself there where he has included himself, in family, in the school and in the society.

O objeto deste estudo é a concepção Redução de Danos, optou-se pelo estudo qualitativo, exploratório e de campo. O objetivo principal é identificar e analisar as concepções dos profissionais de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas da cidade de São Paulo acerca da Redução de Danos. Foi desenvolvido com profissionais da equipe técnica de saúde mental e o coordenador do serviço. O marco conceitual teórico deste estudo é a Reforma Psiquiátrica e os pressupostos da Redução de Danos. Para a obtenção do material empírico a técnica empregada foi à entrevista semi-estruturada. Os instrumentos para coleta de dados contemplam a caracterização sociodemográfica dos colaboradores e um roteiro para entrevista que foi gravada. Os dados foram transcritos e analisados sob a luz do método Hermenêutico Dialético. Na análise emergiram quatro categorias: dificuldade em classificar a gravidade do consumo; a droga para encobrir as necessidades de grupos sociais desfavorecidos; a droga como necessidade de todas as classes nos tempos atuais e formas da RD de trabalhar com o consumo. O resultado aponta que para os sujeitos deste estudo a RD se posiciona como uma abordagem que se opõe ao modelo hegemônico de guerra as drogas e não parte do ponto único e exclusivo do uso de drogas como doença. Afirmam que a RD não é contra a abstinência e visa diminuir riscos e danos a saúde considerando todo o contexto, o desejo e as possibilidades de cada pessoa. Nesse sentido, amplia a oferta e as possibilidades de cuidados para as pessoas que fazem uso prejudicial dos diversos psicoativos. / The object of this study is the concept of Harm Reduction. It was opted to use a field research, with exploratory and qualitative approach. The main objective was to identify and analyze the views about Harm Reduction of professionals from a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs in São Paulo. The study as developed throughout all of the professional categories, e.g. higher-level, technical and coordinators of the staff. The theoretical framework of this study is the Psychiatric Reform and the assumptions of Harm Reduction. To obtain the empirical data, it were used semi-structured interviews as technique. The instruments for data collection include the sociodemographic characteristics of the members of the staff and a guide for the interviews, which were recorded. Data was transcribed and analyzed under the view of the Hermeneutic Dialectic method. In the analysis, four categories emerged: e.g. difficulties in classifying the severity of consumption; drugs as a way to cover the needs of disadvantaged groups; drugs as a need for all classes in the current times and ways of working with Harm Reduction and the consumption. The result shows that for the subjects in this study the Harm Reduction stands as an approach that opposes the hegemonic model of the war on drugs and not part of the one and only point of drug use as a disease. Claim that the Harm Reduction is not against abstinence and aims to reduce health risks and damage considering the entire context, the desire and the possibilities of each person. In this sense, extends the offer and the possibilities of care for people who make use of the various harmful psychoactive.

Nos pressupostos winnicotianos, experiências provenientes de uma maternagem insatisfatória podem não propiciaro desenvolvimento adequado dos fenômenos tradicionais, resultando em patologias como a adicção. Devido aos poucos estudos existentes relacionando o fenômeno adicção com a maternagem, decidiu-se investigar o funcionamento psíquico de mães de adictos a drogas, a fim de se verificar quais características deste funcionamento poderiam dificultar o desempenho adequado da função materna. Fizeram parte deste estudo 10 mães de adictos a drogas (cocaína), que foram atendidas individualmente em situação de psicodiagnóstico, incluindo Entrevista semidirigida sobre o filho, Entrevista baseada na Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada (EDAO) sobre elas próprias e aplicação do Método de Rorschach. As mães foram convidadas a participar desta pesquisa à medida que seus filhos - do sexo masculino e adicto à droga cocaína - davam entrada para tratamento no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial em Álcool e Droga (CAPS-AD) do município de Santana de Parnaíba (região oeste da Grande São Paulo, Brasil). Os filhos adictos não apresentavam perturbação neurológica ou psicológica grave e foram avaliados por outro profissional diferente do resposnável por esta coleta de dados. Na região atendida, predomina uma população de baixa renda. Os dados foram analisados e relacionados entre si, privilegiando os processos de pensamento, de socialização e a dinâmica afetiva, utilizando-se o referencial psicanalítico winnicottiano. Os resultados do grupo no Método de Rorschach e nas Entrevistas configuraram um perfil marcado por um funcionamento psíquico imaturo, por um embotamento afetivo e intelectual, dificuldades de relacionamento objetal adulto, atitudes ambíguas e tendência à repetição de vivências conjugais geradoras de sofrimento, decorrentes de violência e abusos. Tal funcionamento parece derivar-se das próprias vivências precoces, permeadas por uma maternagem não suficientemente boa, que compromete o desenvolvimento do processo de sepração e individuação. A partir deste funcionamento, estas mães não se mostraram capazes de favorecer o desenvolvimento adequado de seus filhos pelas próprias dificuldades na passagem da dependência para a independência e no desenvolvimento de um espaço transicional. / Winnicott reported that an unsatisfatory good-enough mothering experience may not provide the appropriate transitional phenomena development leading to pathologies, for instance the addition. Considering the few studies regarding the relations between the addictive phenomenon and mothering from the mother perspective, was decided upon the investigation on the drug-addicted mother\'s psychic functioning, in order to verify if these performance characteristics could disturb the proper mother\'s function development. This study copes with 10 drug-addict mothers (cocain) that were attended individually in psychodiagnostic assessment, including a semi-structured interview referring to their son, an Adaptive Operational Diagnostic Scale (EDAO) interview and the Rorschach Method. The mothers were invited to participate in the study as long as that their sons, also drug addicted (cocain), had been brought for the treatment at the Alcohool and Drugs Psychological Care Center (CAPS-AD) in the Santana de Parnaíba municipality (São Paulo west region, Brazil), and this is predominantly low-income population. Theis sons were addicts and they did not present neurological or psychological severe disturbance, they were evaluated by another professional other than the person responsible for data collection. Using the Winnicott\'s psychoanalitic reference the data was analyzed and related among each other, focusing on the thought and socialization processes, and on the affective dynamics. The Rorschach Method and interviews results suggested a group with an immature psychological functioning profile, distinguished by an affective flattening, an intellectual blunting, a difficulty in an adult object-reaction, double-meaning attitudes and repeated marital experiences that causes suffering by its violence and abuse. These characterists seem to be a consequence of their own previous experiences and from an unsatisfactory good-enough mothering, hindering their separation/individuation process development. Consequently, the mothers were not able to assist their sons with a proper development considering their own difficulties related to the dependence-independence process and their transitional area development.

Kring en person med missbruksproblematik finns det ofta en eller flera anhöriga som påverkas av missbrukets konsekvenser och riskerar att drabbas av psykisk, fysisk samt social problematik (Melin & Näsholm 1998; Socialstyrelsen 2014). Den här kvalitativa studien undersöker hur anhöriga till närstående med missbruksproblematik upplever det arbetssätt som personalen har på verksamheten Eken. Eken arbetar främst mot unga vuxna med missbruksproblematik och syftar till att ha ett arbetssätt präglat av tillgänglighet och flexibilitet. Verksamhetens arbete syftar även till att involvera och erbjuda stöd till de unga vuxnas anhöriga. Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka hur anhöriga till unga vuxna med missbruksproblematik beskriver personalens arbetssätt och hur de upplever att arbetssättet påverkar det egna välbefinnandet samt förmågan att stödja sin närstående. Studiens frågeställningar är följande: Hur beskriver anhöriga utformningen av det stöd personalen erbjuder dem? Hur beskriver anhöriga att personalen uppmärksammar de anhörigas behov relaterat till det egna välbefinnandet? Hur beskriver anhöriga att personalen uppmärksammar de anhörigas behov relaterat till deras förmåga att stödja sin närstående? Utifrån studiens syfte och frågeställningar valdes en kvalitativ forskningsansats. För insamling av empiriskt material genomfördes fem kvalitativa intervjuer med fem anhöriga, vilka har pågående, avslutande eller avslutad kontakt med Eken. Med en strävan efter att skapa förståelse för intervjupersonernas upplevelser valde vi att analysera studiens resultat utifrån symbolisk interaktionism, ett perspektiv som ämnar beskriva sociala verkligheter med fokus på̊ interaktion och samspelsprocesser (Trost & Levin 2010). De centrala begrepp som användes var coping, delaktighet, kommunikation, allians samt medberoende. Tidigare forskning är begränsad och visar att stöd för vuxna anhöriga till personer med missbruksproblematik är ett område som är åsidosatt och där det finns ett behov av att utvecklas. Vid analysering av studiens resultat användes tematisk analysmetod med vilken vi avsåg att bearbeta materialet för att finna återkommande teman i den insamlade empirin. Studiens resultat visar att intervjupersonerna beskriver personalens arbetssätt som engagerat, respektfullt och behovsanpassat. Det visar sig även att arbetssättet innefattar möjlighet till kontakt med personalen när som helst under dygnet vilket intervjupersonerna beskriver som en trygghet. Samtliga intervjupersoner uttrycker att kontakten bidrar till minskade känslor av ensamhet och rådlöshet samt att de upplever sig delaktiga i sin närståendes behandlingsprocess. Från resultatet framkommer även att intervjupersonerna kan tillgå stöd i hur de kan bemöta sin närstående genom bland annat rådgivning. / In the surroundings of every person with a drug addiction there is often one or many people that suffer from the consequences of their relative's addiction and are at risk of mental, physical and social problems (Melin & Näsholm 1998; Socialstyrelsen 2014). The aim of this study is to examine how relatives are affected by having someone close with a drug addiction and what their interpretations are regarding the support they receive from the organisation called Eken. Eken works mainly with young adults with drug addiction and the organisation aims at having an approach characterized by accessibility and flexibility as well as commitment and support to the young adults' relatives. The main questions of this study are as follows: How do relatives describe how the work that the staff is doing is formed? How do relatives describe what the staff is doing to acknowledge the needs related to their own wellbeing? How do relatives describe how the staff acknowledges the need related to the relatives' ability to support their close relative? Based on the aim of this study a qualitative research approach was chosen. The collection of the empirical data was made through five semi-structured interviews with five relatives. All informants have ongoing, terminating or terminated contact with Eken. In order to create an understanding of what the informants share, we have analyzed the results of the study based on symbolic interactionism, which is a perspective aiming at describing social realities with a focus on the interaction processor (Trost & Levin 2010). The main notions used are coping, participation, communication, alliance and codependency. We discovered that previous research is limited but shows that the area is neglected. When analyzing the results of the study, a thematic analysis method was used. To process the material we looked for recurring themes in the collected material. The results of the study show that the informants describe the staff's way of working as committed, respectful and need-oriented. The working method includes the possibility of contacting staff at any time during the day, which they describe as a security. All informants express that the contact includes both involvement in the young adults' treatment process and reduced feelings of loneliness and perplexity. The results also show that the informants can be supported with how they can deal with their relatives through advice among other things.

Bakgrund: Långvarigt drogbruk leder till negativa fysiologiska och psykologiska konsekvenser. Samsjuklighet, stigmatisering och abstinens är några anledningar till att patientgruppen fortsätter sitt drogbruk. Droginjicering är en av orsakerna till att blodsmittor sprids i samhället. Sprututbytesprogrammet är riktat till personer med intravenöst drogberoende och erbjuder remittering, sprututbyte, samtalskontakt och antidotpreparat. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av skadereduktion och påverkan påriskbeteende genom deltagande på sprututbytesprogrammet. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie utgjordes av tio kvalitativa originalartiklar som analyserades tematiskt. Resultat: Tre huvudteman och sex subteman identifierades. Minskat riskbeteende med subtema egenvårdsförmåga och hjälp från flera håll. Ökad relationsbyggnad med subtema hälsofrämjande verksamhet och vårdmötet. Begränsade resurser med subtema fortsatt stigmatisering och när drogberoendet tar överhand. Slutsats: Sprututbytesprogrammet ökarkunskapen om riskbeteende, egenvårdsförmågan och hälsofrämjande livsstilsförändringar. Behandling, utbildning och en känsla av trygghet är viktiga komponenter för konsekvent deltagande på Sprututbytesprogrammet. Verksamheten ökar självkänslan hos patientgruppen till skillnad från annan hälso- och sjukvård och bidrar till att minska sociala klyftor mellan patientgruppen och övriga samhället. Fortsatt stigmatisering och strukturella hinder gör patientgruppen skör vilket belyser behovet av vidare forskning och utbildning för att kunna möta deras vårdbehov. / Background: Addictive disorders lead to negative physiological and psychological consequences. Comorbidity, stigmatization and abstinence are reasons for continued drug use. Intravenous drug use contributes to the spread of blood-borne diseases. The needle-exchange program targets intravenous drug users and offers referrals, needle-exchange, counselling and naloxone. Aim: The purpose was to describe patients' experience of harm reduction and the impact on risk behavior through participation in the syringe exchange program. Method: A literature study based on ten original qualitative articles that were thematically analysed. Result: Three main themes and six sub-themes were identified. Positive life-style change with sub-themes self-care ability and help from different directions. Relationship building with sub-themes health-promotion operations and care meeting. Limited resources with sub-themes continued stigmatization and when drug addiction takes over. Conclusion: Needle-exchange increase patients’ knowledge of risk behaviour, self-care, and positive life-style changes. Treatment, education, and safety are components for continued participation. The program increases self-esteem, and helps reduce the social divide between people with drug addiction and the rest of society. Our research revealed that there are obstacles to consider. Continued stigma and structural barriers make the patients fragile, which highlights the need for continued research and education to be able to meet their care needs.

Evaluace výsledků léčby v terapeutické komunitě pro drogově závislé Martin Šefránek Abstrakt: Východiska: Výzkumem podložené závěry prokazující efektivitu léčby v terapeutických komunitách pro léčbu závislostí a umožňující mezinárodní srovnání jsou v ČR ojedinělé. "Evaluace výsledků léčby v terapeutické komunitě pro drogově závislé" je v ČR první prospektivní výzkumná studie hodnoticí efektivitu léčby uživatelů drog v terapeutických komunitách. Cil: Cílem studie je vyhodnotit, jak se změnilo užívání drog, kriminalita, osobní a sociální fungování a kvalita života uživatelů drog 1 rok po ukončení léčby. Metody: Data byly sbírány prostřednictvím strukturovaných interview s klienty terapeutických komunit. Studie porovnává změny v problémovém chování klientů ve 30 dnech před začátkem léčby a ve 30 dnech po 1 roce od jejího ukončení. Základním výzkumným nástrojem je the Maudsley Addiction Profile, který jsme doplnili o další měření. Soubor: Výzkumný soubor tvoří 176 uživatelů drog, kteří v letech 2007 a 2008 zahájili léčbu v rezidenční terapeutické komunitě. 1 rok po ukončení léčby byly data získány od 77.8% (N=137) klientů. Na studii participovaly 4 terapeutické komunity. Výsledky: Po 1 roce od ukončení léčby došlo k signifikantnímu nárůstu abstinence od metamfetaminu, opiátových drog a benzodiazepinů. Před...

For women in recovery from complex trauma and substance abuse, the lack of posttreatment family reunification services such as family engagement, service delivery, and aftercare planning increase the likelihood of parental relapse and children reentering foster care. A primary caregiver's continued relapse can lead to longer out of home placement for minor children and a loss of parental rights, with a negative impact on both children and parents. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to examine the lived experiences of women in recovery, their sobriety practices, and how they reunified their families. The theoretical framework was Herman's trauma and recovery model. The research question focused on gaining a broader understanding of the complexities of substance abuse recovery among single-parenting women with trauma histories and their efforts to achieve and sustain family reunification. Data were obtained from interviews of 10 participants using an audio recording device and open-ended interview questions. Five themes emerged through analysis using open and axial coding: (a) choosing to remain sober, (b) cultivating and connecting, (c) trust and discovery, (d) trauma histories, and (e) aftercare and maintenance. Results indicated a possible connection between foster care recidivism and outdated aftercare services and practices. Improved aftercare practices could increase sustainability of reunified families and decrease the likelihood of relapse among caregivers in recovery. This study impacts social change by informing policy makers on state and federal levels of the needs of recovering parents and their families.

Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The use and abuse of illicit drugs is a challenge which affects people on a global scale and South Africa. The use of a new street drug known as nyaope (whonga) has been on the rise in the country amongst the youth, including university students. Its use is associated with a wide range of negative consequences such as poor academic performance, aggression, vandalism, rape, risky sexual behaviours, and social dysfunctionality. The main objective of this study was to explore the self-reported experiences and behaviours of students who use nyaope at the University of Limpopo. The study was qualitative in nature as the researcher wanted to gather first-hand, in-depth information. The sample was purposive in nature and consisted of 6 participants. Quality criteria were used to ensure the quality and rigour of the findings. Thematic content analysis (TCA) was used to analyse data. Six major themes emerged from the analysis which were supported by existing findings. The themes were identified as: causes of drug use, frequency of drug use, experiences of students, knowledge about the negative implications of the drug and self-reported behaviours. Participants reported experiencing a decline in academic performance, deteriorating relationships with others, poor physical and psychological wellbeing, behavioural changes and perceiving that they were discriminated against. The findings of this study are useful to aid in informing policy and interventions at the University. They may also help psychologists who work with drug abusers

[pt] O presente trabalho visa analisar o uso de drogas como uma via para regulação do mal estar na contemporaneidade. Para tal realizou se uma pesquisa com proposta interdisciplinar e de cunho teórico, em que são elencados autores de diferentes saberes dentre as Ciências Humanas, como a Psicanálise, Sociologia e Filosofia, e as Ciências da Saúde. Com ênfase na literatura psicanalítica, citamos textos de autores clássicos, como, por exemplo, os freudianos e ferenczianos, para assim, tecermos considerações a respeito do uso de drogas e da contemporaneidade dialogando com autores mais atuais. No primeiro capítulo da pesquisa abordamos a Saúde Pública, discutimos a Redução de Danos como um recurso que auxilia o sujeito a lidar com o mal estar, abordamos o aumento do consumo de drogas durante a pandemia do Covid 19 e consideramos os aspectos sociais, a sociedade do espetáculo e da performance; n o segundo capítulo analisamos os mecanismos da incorporação e introjeção e sua vinculação com o uso de substâncias psicoativas, discorremos sobre a função da droga para o sujeito, diferenciando as modalidades de uso, os tipos de uso não compulsivo do uso compulsivo do toxicômano e de modo mais específico nos detemos a discorrer sobre o fenômeno da Toxicomania no terceiro capítulo, são abordadas as expressões pulsionais contemporâneas das pulsões de Eros e Tânatos o trauma do sujeito e as relações objetais, as quais nos remetem a dinâmica do objeto droga. Reconhecemos os potenciais prejuízos das drogas, sobretudo a depender da forma como ela é utilizada, e percebemos o lugar de importância que ela ocupa na dinâmica psíquica do sujeito. / [en] This work aims to analyze the use of drugs as a way to regulate malaise in contemporary times. To this end, a research was carried out with an interdisciplinary proposal and of a theoretical nature, in which authors of different knowledge among the Human Sciences, such as Psychoanalysis, Sociology and Philosophy, and the Health Sciences are listed. With an emphasis on psychoanalysis, we cite texts by classic authors, such as, for example, the Freudians and Ferenczian s in order to make considerations about drug use and contemporaneity, dialoguing with more current authors. In the first chapter of the research, we address Public Health, we discuss Harm Reduction as a resource that helps the subject to deal with malaise, we address the increase in drug consumption during the Covid 19 pandemic and we consider the social aspects, the society of the spectacle and of performance; in the second chapter, we analyze the mechanisms of incorporation and introjection and their connection with the use of psychoactive substances, we discuss the drug s function for the subject, differentiating the modalities of use, the types of non compulsi ve use of the compulsive use of the drug addict, and more specifically, we stop to discuss the phenomenon of drug addiction in the third chapter, the contemporary instinctual expressions of the impulses of Eros and Tanatos, the subject s trauma and object relations are approached, which refer us to the dynamics of the drug object. We recognize the potential harm caused by drugs, especially depending on how it is used, and we realize the important place it occupies in the subject s psychic dynamics.

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as características da dinâmica da família em que um ou mais de seus componentes é adicto a substâncias psicoativas. Utilizamos, para este fim, o referencial sistêmico. Entendemos que a dependência por substâncias seja tanto uma patologia em si, quanto um sintoma de um sistema familiar. Nas relações que se estabelecem entre o dependente e os outros membros da família, vai-se construindo uma teia relacional que, muitas vezes, perpetua os padrões disfuncionais que ajudam a manter a dependência. É indispensável, no tratamento da dependência, abordar os vínculos familiares, para que o sistema familiar possa encontrar alternativas mais saudáveis de relacionamento, a fim de promover uma progressiva mudança nos padrões de interação que são facilitadores da manutenção do comportamento adictivo. / [en] The purpose of this exertion is to understand the caracteristics of the family dynamics in the way that one or more of their components is addicted to alcohol and other drugs. To get to this outcome will use the systemic referencial. We understand that the substance dependence is a much a patology itself as a symptom related to a family system. In the individual´s relationship with the family and the same with the individual that is a drug user, it goes on establishing a tangled relational that the most of the times perpetuate the disfuncionals patterns that helps to sustain the dependence in the family. It is indispensable, in the treatment of the dependence, to come to grips with the family ties so that family system can find healthier alternatives in the relationship, in order to promote a progressive change in the interaction patterns that are facilitators for the maintenance of the addictive behavior.