Disputats, Uppsala universitet, 2007. / Findes også på internet (PDF-format): http://www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument?urn_nbn_se_uu_diva-7902-2__fulltext.pdf.

Referral practices within healthcare systems are seen as a means of heightening the quality of perinatal care and lessening perinatal mortality and morbidity. Perinatal death or the birth of child with a handicap can be debilitating for a family. Since January 2002 a new referral system has been instituted within Greenland sending all at risk pregnancy to the referral hospital in Nuuk. The aim of the study was to describe the women’s experience of referral by drawing on their experiences and using their voices to present referral from the women’s point of view. Interviews were conducted within arrival at the referral hospital and during fieldwork over a one-year period. Interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed. The analysis of interview data was conducted within the narrative framework, using Coping theory and resiliency tools as the theoretical base for structuring the narratives. Through their narratives the women presented their identities as mothers, community members and caretakers. Acceptance of referral was described as a tool for protecting their unborn child. With acceptance of the referral the women found an inner source of strength to deal with their own anger joy anxiety and loneliness. Their ability to accept referral was directly connected to their family and community and the support that they found therein / Siden januar 2002 har Grønland instrumenteret nye perinatale retningslinier. Disse retningslinier har til hensigt til at nedbringe mortaliteten og morbiditeten hos de nyfødte og deres mødre. Projektet tager udgangspunkt i kvindernes oplevelse af visitationen. Det belyser de udfordringer som kvinderne præsenteres for samt de redskaber kvinderne er i besiddelse af, i forsøget på at besejre disse udfordringer. Kvinderne blev interviewet ved ankomsten til modtagelsessygehuset og under feltarbejde. Interviewene blev optaget på bånd og blev transskriberet løbende. Narrrative teorier er grundlag for analysen af interviewene og coping og resiliency faktorer er de teoretiske grundprincipper for præsentation af kvindernes tanker. Igennem narrativerne fremlagde kvinderne deres oplevelse af sig selv som mødre, som medborgere og omsorgspersoner. Det at acceptere visitationen beskrives som et redskab til at beskytte deres ufødte barn. Ved at acceptere visitationen oplevede kvinderne en indre styrke, som hjalp dem til at bearbejde følelser som vrede, glæde, bekymring og ensomhed. Støtte fra deres familier og deres lokalsamfund var afgørende for deres oplevelse af tiden på modtagelsessygehuset / <p>ISBN 91-7997-126-1</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:01:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EmersonESM.pdf: 931852 bytes, checksum: f768665fe7e8aa27e4023b4def16f98d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Considering their commercial importance, as these are the species of freshwater fish more commercialized in Brazil, their occurence in different kinds of aquatic environments (lakes, rivers and dams) and for being tolerant to a wide range of variation of various physical parameters and chemical water, the fish species Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio and Colossoma macropomum were chosen for this study, furthermore, to test the toxicity we used the herbicide Roundup. The fingerlings of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), commun carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) were submitted to the herbicide roundup in the following concentrations: 0.0 (control); 18,06; 19,10; 20,14; 21,18 and 22,22 mg.L-1, 0.0 (control); 13,89; 14,86; 15,83; 16,81 and 17,78 mg.L-1, and 0.0 (control); 18,06; 19,10; 20,14; 21,18 and 22,22 mg.L-1, respectively, three for 96 hours. The LC50 - 96h for O. niloticus, C. carpio and C. macropomum was 21,63, 15,33 and 20,06 mg.L-1 of the herbicide roundup, respectively. The results show that this herbicide is classified as slightly toxic to the three species. The values of dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature recorded in the aquarium control and aquarium experimental of the three fish species have remained without significant variations during the tests, which reduces the possibility of death caused by sudden variations of these parameters during the 96 hours the experiment. The values of LC50 between different species of fish were observed, noting that the species O.niloticus, C. carpio and C. macropomum showed no expressive differences. The values of environmental risk of Roundup were calculated to obtain more stringent parameters in assessing the dangerousness of those on nontargets. The risk of environmental contamination by Roundup for the Nile tilapia, common carp, and tambaqui are low for the lowest application rate (1 L.ha-1) and depths (1.5 and 2.0 m). The dilution of 100%, the highest recommended dose (5 L.ha-1) and depths (1.5 and 2.0 m) the risk is moderate for the three species. The values of the Risk Ratio (QR) were greater than 0,1, indicating that the values of the CAE and LC50 are above acceptable levels and there is a need, this study, a refinement in ecotoxicological tests / Considerando a import?ncia comercial, por se tratarem das esp?cies de ?gua-doce mais comercializadas no Brasil, por ocorrerem em diversos tipos de ambientes aqu?ticos (lagos, rios e a?udes) e ainda por serem tolerantes a um amplo espectro de varia??o de diversos par?metros f?sicos e qu?micos da ?gua, as esp?cies de peixes Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio e Colossoma macropomum foram escolhidas para este estudo com a finalidade de testar a toxicidade do herbicida roundup. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a toxicidade aguda e avaliar o risco de contamina??o ambiental dessas tr?s esp?cies de peixes pelo herbicida Roundup. Os alevinos de Til?pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), Carpa-comum (Cyprinus carpio) e Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) foram submetidos ao herbicida roundup nas seguintes concentra??es: 0,0 (controle); 18,06; 19,10; 20,14; 21,18 e 22,22 mg.L-1, 0,0 (controle); 13,89; 14,86; 15,83; 16,81 e 17,78 mg.L-1 e 0,0 (controle); 18,06; 19,10; 20,14; 21,18 e 22,22 mg.L-1, respectivamente, os tr?s por 96 horas. A CL50 96h para O. niloticus, C. carpio e C. macropomum foi de 21,63, 15,33 e 20,06 mg.L-1 do herbicida roundup, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que esse herbicida est? classificado como levemente t?xico para as tr?s esp?cies. Os valores de oxig?nio dissolvido, pH e temperatura registrados no aqu?rio controle e nos aqu?rios experimentais das tr?s esp?cies estudadas mantiveram-se sem varia??es significativas ao longo dos testes, o que reduz a possibilidade de mortalidade causada por varia??es bruscas desses par?metros, durante as 96 horas de experimento. Os valores das CL50 entre as diferentes esp?cies de peixes foram observadas, constatando que as esp?cie Oreochromis niloticus, Colossoma macropomum e Cyprinus carpio n?o apresentaram diferen?as expressivas. Os valores de risco ambiental do Roundup foram calculados para a obten??o de par?metros mais rigorosos na avalia??o da periculosidade desses sobre organismos n?o-alvos. O risco de contamina??o ambiental por roundup para a til?pia do Nilo, carpa-comum e tambaqui s?o baixos para a menor dose de aplica??o (1 L.ha-1) e nas profundidades (1,5 e 2,0 m). Na dilui??o de 100%, na maior dose recomendada (5 L.ha-1) e nas profundidades (1,5 e 2,0 m) o risco ? moderado para as tr?s esp?cies. Os valores de Quociente de Risco (QR) foram maiores que 0,1, indicando que os valores da rela??o CAE e CL50 est?o acima dos n?veis aceit?veis, havendo a necessidade de um refinamento nas an?lises ecotoxicol?gicas

Norwegen und die Schweiz sind keine EU-Mitgliedstaaten, weil die Bevölkerungen die Integration mehrheitlich in Referenden ablehnte. Die enorme Mobilisierung und Emotionalisierung in den nationalen Integrationsdebatten kann weder durch ökonomische noch durch politische Umstände hinreichend erklärt werden, zumal die Eliten beider Länder mehrheitlich die Integration unterstützen. Die Hauptmobilisierungsressource von Euroskeptikern liegt vielmehr darin, tief verwurzelte nationale Selbst- und Fremdbilder zu reaktivieren. Diese Diskursanalyse beschreibt vergleichend, auf welche Art und Weise die größten euroskeptischen Akteure der Schweiz und Norwegens diesen Rückgriff auf das Nationale in Integrationsdebatten herstellen. Gefragt wird, wie die „Aktion für eine Unabhängige und Neutrale Schweiz“ (AUNS) und die eng mit ihr verbundene „Schweizerische Volkspartei“ (SVP) einerseits, und die norwegische Bewegung „Nein zur EU“ (norwegisch: Nei Til EU) andererseits, ihren Integrationswiderstand mittels nationaler Narrationen und Bildersprachen als sinnvoll darstellen. Hierzu werden umfangreiche euroskeptische Bild- und Textquellen referiert und gedeutet. Damit wird ein Beitrag zur Forschung über das Selbstverständnis, die Denkweise, die Rhetorik und das Tugendsystem anti-integratorischer Bewegungen geleistet. Denn Euroskeptiker verstehen sich primär als Verteidiger der guten nationalen Gemeinschaft. Diese Gemeinschaft und dessen Nationalstaat beschreiben sie als wärmer, natürlicher, näher, gerechter, effizienter, friedlicher und demokratischer als das integrierte Europa, welches als ferner, kalter, bürokratischer Superstaat EU dargestellt wird. / Norway and Switzerland are not member states of the EU, since the majority of the people rejected integration in several referenda. The emotionality and the enormous mobilisation in national debates on integration cannot sufficiently be explained by economic and political reasons, since the majority of the elites are supporting integration. Instead, the main resource of mobilisation for Eurosceptics lies in reactivating deeply rooted descriptions of national self and other. For carving out these collective images, this discourse-analysis compares how the major Eurosceptical actors of Switzerland, the “Action for an Independent and Neutral Switzerland” (AUNS) together with the tightly connected “Swiss People’s Party” (SVP), on one hand, and the Norwegian movement “No To EU” (NEI TIL EU), on the other hand, describe their actions as meaningful in their iconography and narrations. In doing so, the study refers to and interprets extensive material from Eurosceptical actors and contributes to the understanding of Eurosceptical self-perception, ways of thinking, rhetoric and virtue system. Here Eurosceptics perceive themselves mainly as defenders of the national community and its nation-state, which are regarded as warm, natural, close, justified, efficient, peaceful and democratic, while Europe is perceived as the cold, distant, bureaucratic superstate EU.

The task of a reformed apologetics is the application of both theology and philosophy in the confrontation with unbelievers, bridging the gap between the natural man and the Gospel of Christ and trying to do justice to the multi-aspectual, existential and constitutive sides of created reality. In the Festschrift of Cornelius Van Til, two well-known reformational philosophers, Herman Dooyeweerd of the Netherlands and Hendrik Stoker of South Africa, among others, discussed with Van Til the methodology of Christian apologetics (Jerusalem and Athens 1971: viii). The investigation focus on the reflections of Dooyeweerd and Stoker on Van Til’s method, which attempted to break away from classical methods and to reform apologetics biblically. Thence, constructive criticisms, methodological integration of reformational insights and the opening up of new avenues of apologetic discourse follows after a structural evaluation of the dialogue between the three thinkers, leading to a Trinitarian, Modal-spherical method (TMSA) of apologetics, while still presupposing the biblical and triune essence of Van Til’s pressuppositional apologetics. After absorbing and integrating inter-related elements in its Trinitarian framework, the new method of apologetics will be introduced to broader Christianity via two integralist accounts of traditional Christian philosophy, both inspired by an interpretation Neo-Thomism, which in many respects correspond to the Neo-Calvinist vision. So that after non-dualistically expanding TMSA’s methodological foundation and scope of interaction non-, it can be briefly introduced to other nuances of apologetics at the final step of the thesis, in the hope of contributing for the ongoing reformation of the Church and its apologetic endevour. / MA (Missiology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The task of a reformed apologetics is the application of both theology and philosophy in the confrontation with unbelievers, bridging the gap between the natural man and the Gospel of Christ and trying to do justice to the multi-aspectual, existential and constitutive sides of created reality. In the Festschrift of Cornelius Van Til, two well-known reformational philosophers, Herman Dooyeweerd of the Netherlands and Hendrik Stoker of South Africa, among others, discussed with Van Til the methodology of Christian apologetics (Jerusalem and Athens 1971: viii). The investigation focus on the reflections of Dooyeweerd and Stoker on Van Til’s method, which attempted to break away from classical methods and to reform apologetics biblically. Thence, constructive criticisms, methodological integration of reformational insights and the opening up of new avenues of apologetic discourse follows after a structural evaluation of the dialogue between the three thinkers, leading to a Trinitarian, Modal-spherical method (TMSA) of apologetics, while still presupposing the biblical and triune essence of Van Til’s pressuppositional apologetics. After absorbing and integrating inter-related elements in its Trinitarian framework, the new method of apologetics will be introduced to broader Christianity via two integralist accounts of traditional Christian philosophy, both inspired by an interpretation Neo-Thomism, which in many respects correspond to the Neo-Calvinist vision. So that after non-dualistically expanding TMSA’s methodological foundation and scope of interaction non-, it can be briefly introduced to other nuances of apologetics at the final step of the thesis, in the hope of contributing for the ongoing reformation of the Church and its apologetic endevour. / MA (Missiology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaMLC.pdf: 1068178 bytes, checksum: 2211aebe12426e9f45d52a507df28c0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The food chain theory predict that presence of omnivory prevent the trophic cascade and could be a strong stabilizing factor over resource and consumer community dynamics, and that the nutrient enrichment destabilize populations dynamics. Most of the freshwater tropical reservoirs are eutrophic, and strategies that seek improve the water quality through the control of phytoplankton biomass and nutrient input, become essential for the improvement and preservation of water quality. The aim of this study was test the zooplanktivory (when larvae) and omnivory (when young and adult) effects of Nile Tilapia over the structure and dynamics of plankton communities, in addition or absence of nutrients enrichment. For this, one field experiment was performed with a factorial design 2x3 resulting in six treatments: control, without fish and nutrient (C); with omnivorous fish (O); with zooplanktivorous fish (Z); without fish and with enrichment of nutrients (NP); with omnivorous fish and nutrients (ONP); and, with zooplanktivorous fish and nutrients (ZNP). The two planktivory types reduced the zooplankton biomass and increased the phytoplankton biomass, but the omnivory of filter-feeding fish attenuated the trophic cascade magnitude. The fertilization by nutrients increases the nutrient concentrations in water and the phytoplankton biomass, but the effect on zooplankton is dependent of the trophic structure. In a general way, the effects of the fish and nutrient addition were addictive, but significant interactions among those factors were observed in the answer of some zooplankton groups. The effects of omnivorous fish over the temporal variability of phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass were very variable, the increase or reduce in variability of the plankton depending of the level of nutrients and of the analyzed variable. With base in this study, we conclude that the planktivory type exercised by the fish and the concentrations of nutrients in the water affects the force of pelagic trophic cascades and probably the success of biomanipulation programs for the handling of water quality in lakes and tropical reservoirs / A teoria de cadeias alimentares prev? que a presen?a de onivoria pode atenuar os efeitos de cascata tr?fica e estabilizar as popula??es de aut?trofos e herb?voros, as quais s?o desestabilizadas pela fertiliza??o por nutrientes. Tendo em vista que muitos lagos e reservat?rios tropicais encontram-se eutrofizados, estrat?gias que visem o controle do aporte de nutrientes e a redu??o da biomassa fitoplanct?nica s?o essenciais para a melhoria da qualidade da ?gua desses ambientes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da zooplanctivoria e onivoria por uma mesma esp?cie de peixe (Til?pia do Nilo), que quando larva ? zooplanct?vora e quando jovem e adulta torna-se filtradora on?vora, sobre a estrutura e din?mica das comunidades planct?nicas, na presen?a e aus?ncia de enriquecimento por nutrientes. Para tanto, foi realizado um experimento com desenho fatorial 2 x 3, resultando em 6 tratamentos: sem adi??o de peixes ou nutrientes (C); com adi??o de peixes zooplanct?voros (Z); com adi??o de peixes on?voros (O); com adi??o de nutrientes (NP); com adi??o de peixes zooplanct?voros e nutrientes (ZNP); e com adi??o de peixes on?voros e nutrientes (ONP). Os resultados mostram que os dois tipos de planct?voros reduziram a biomassa zooplanct?nica e aumentaram a biomassa fitoplanct?nica, mas que a onivoria dos peixes filtradores atenuou a magnitude das cascatas tr?ficas. Os resultados tamb?m mostram que a fertiliza??o por nutrientes aumenta as concentra??es de nutrientes na ?gua e a biomassa fitoplanct?nica, mas que o efeito sobre o zoopl?ncton depende da estrutura tr?fica. De um modo geral, os efeitos da adi??o de peixes e nutrientes foram aditivos, mas intera??es significativas entre esses fatores foram observadas na resposta de alguns grupos zooplanct?nicos. Os efeitos dos peixes on?voros sobre a variabilidade temporal da biomassa do fitopl?ncton e do zoopl?ncton foram muito vari?veis, aumentando ou reduzindo a variabilidade do pl?ncton dependendo do n?vel de nutrientes e da vari?vel analisada. ? poss?vel concluir, com base neste estudo, que o tipo de planctivoria exercido pelos peixes e as concentra??es de nutrientes na ?gua afetam a for?a das cascatas tr?ficas pel?gicas e provavelmente o sucesso dos programas de biomanipula??o para o manejo da qualidade da ?gua de lagos e reservat?rios tropicais