The severe balance of payments crisis of 1947 threatened the Labour administration's ability to fund the totality of its post-war reconstruction programmes. The government's solution was to call for an increase in individual and collective industrial productivity to boost exports and increase income. One of their initiatives was the launch of an industrial human science research programme. The expectation was that this would yield information and techniques which would increase human efficiency and, hence, productivity, on the shop floor and in management. The human science research programme, which comprised both ergonomics and human relations studies, was of low financial value and produced knowledge and techniques that were capable of supporting an array of non-human science technologies. This thesis examines the derivation and management of the human science research programme and how this contributed to the emergence, growth and shaping of ergonomics, the study of the worker in their working environment. By tracing the development and growth of the human science research programme, I show how the learned society for ergonomics, the Ergonomics Research Society (ERS), played a marginal role in promoting the science. Instead, it was the actions of engineers in academia, and organisations such as the Department of Science and Industrial Research (DSIR), Medical Research Council (MRC) and the Trades Union Congress (TUC), that were responsible for the institutionalisation and professionalisation of ergonomics in the middle years of the twentieth century. This study also throws new light on the management of a low-value research programme during this period by showing how the level of responsibility was delegated down from central government to committees which comprised academics, industrialists and union officials only. I argue that this resulted in a flexible and agile research programme which addressed important issues of productivity and shaped the science of ergonomics.

The professional component of this thesis focuses on how deinstitutionalisation and the current public mental health system have affected individuals with schizophrenia. Chapter one discusses the process of deinstitutionalisation and the research that has examined the impact of this initiative. Chapter two concentrates on schizophrenia, specifically the symptoms, course, etiological theories and treatments of this illness. Four case studies are then provided in order to explore how deinstitutionalisation and the current mental health system have affected individuals with schizophrenia. The names and identifying characteristics of these clients and their families have been modified to ensure anonymity. Chapter three describes a 47 year old woman, AA, who was referred for a neuro-psychological assessment. Chapter four outlines the second case study, a 23 year old male, BB, who was referred for a psychological assessment regarding diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Chapter five describes the third case study, a 54 year old woman, CC, who was referred for therapy and consultation regarding future treatment recommendations. Chapter six discusses the fourth case study, a 21 year old male, DD, who was seen for crisis intervention and treated in the community. Each of these case studies outlines the background history, formulation and treatment approaches. These case reports are used to illustrate how deinstitutionalisation and the present public mental health system affect individuals with schizophrenia. Chapter seven provides an overall discussion and conclusion to these case studies.

In the context of regionalism and regionalisation, the notion of a region holds sway. Discussions around the topic of how spatial entities defined as ‘regions’ form, evolve, develop, become institutionalised and sometimes stabilized have been active and profound over the last forty years. Moreover, rich and diverse literature provides different conceptualizations and problematisation of regions that have been changing over time. ‘Heterogeneous relations’ that stretch over boundaries and are not territorially fixed have been accorded an increased attention in the regional studies. This research investigates the region building process in the Alpine region and analyses different agenda-settings pursued by various stakeholders in the Alpine region. The study employs qualitative methods to analyse processes of region building by applying Paasi’s institutionalisation theory. The findings show the regional dynamics in the case under investigation and claims that the Alpine region has being transformed from a closed, bounded, territorially fixed entity to a relational one, based on not territorially fixed heterogeneous relations. This transformation leads from a relatively ‘fixed’ Alpine region (as defined by Alpine Convention) to a more fluid, unbounded and ‘fuzzy’ space – the Alpine macro-region, which is being developing.

This thesis sets out to investigate the field of public service interpreting in southern Spain, with a particular emphasis on the position of volunteer interpreters working at two different healthcare institutions. It looks at the power relationships that develop between agents that hold different degrees of control and autonomy, especially in a context where individuals hold different forms and volume of capital in each encounter. Drawing on Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice, the study offers an in-depth examination of a group of volunteer interpreters as legitimate agents of the wider field of public service interpreting and the sub-field of healthcare interpreting, while looking at their impact on the structures and ethics of the larger field. This is the first project to employ Bourdieu’s theory in a sustained case study of a healthcare context where volunteer interpreters operate as legitimised institutional agents. One of the peculiarities of the two settings under examination is that volunteer interpreters seem to have acquired a high degree of institutionalisation, which provides them with a large volume of symbolic capital and allows them to take part in the field as legitimate members of the healthcare team, often occupying similar positions to those adopted by doctors at the top end of the field hierarchy. The study adopts an ethnographic approach based on a triangulation of data: participant observation of volunteer interpreters, audio-recorded interpreter-mediated interaction and focus-group interviews with volunteer interpreters. The primary data that informs the thesis consists of four focus groups carried out with volunteer interpreters in two different Spanish hospitals. The additional use of participant observations and audio-recordings make it possible to examine not only interpreters’ perceptions but also actual behaviour in authentic encounters, and to compare interpreters’ perception of their positioning with the actual positions they often occupy in the field.

Indicators are still at the heart of the debate on ‘sustainable development’ (SD), whatever the level or stance taken. However, initiatives of ‘indicators for sustainable development’ (ISD) cannot be related to a well-defined object. Facing this heterogeneity, an analysis of the uses and impacts of ISD in decision- and policy-making situations appears to be a necessity. Consequently, the present thesis focalises on the discussion and analysis of the characteristics of ISD-initiatives that are influencing the usability of ISD in decision situations? At a secondary level, the thesis identifies of a key which allows to read and analyse these characteristics, i.e. the usability-profile of ISD-processes, with respect to the configuration of the decision situation. A discussion of the mechanics of decision-making processes and the handling of information within these, identifies that the utilisation of assessments in policy-making can be apprehended with three different characteristics: legitimacy, credibility and salience (L,C,S). Applied to the context of ISD, legitimacy refers to the perception of the policy-actors of the procedural fairness, credibility to the perception of the scientific soundness and salience to the perception of stakeholder- and policy-relevance. A discussion of alternative and existing utilisation-analyses of ISD shows that the L,C,S-framework has sufficient depth and width to figure as a potential, overarching framework of ISD-characteristics. Simultaneously, the confrontation of the L,C,S-framework with the issue domain of SD, as well as a translation of L,C,S on the level of ISD-initiatives, shows that a secondary level of analysis is necessary. The linkages between an L,C,S-based analysis of the usability-profiles of ISD, the principles of SD and the policy making processes can be identified to be best discussed at the level of the institutionalisation of ISD, i.e. the ‘institutional embeddedness’ of ‘soft’ information-processes for SD-management into public decision-making culture. ISD can be identified as ‘boundary organisations’, i.e. objects which are set to facilitate the interactions between different existing actor arenas which have different cultures of understanding, constructing, organising and digesting information. We propose thus to add to the analysis of the usability of ISD, a second, institutional axis which allows to situate the mechanics of L,C,S between actor arenas, and allows to conceive a ‘usability-profile’ for ISD-initiatives. The institutional reading of ISD-initiatives is than developed further. In order to enhance their usability, ISD-processes need to be governed and steered: their usability can be managed and co-constructed through the lenses of the three usability-characteristics. Simultaneously, ISD are themselves acknowledged as being part of the government- and governance-instruments of the SD-domain. By translating information between actor-arenas, ISD foster a ‘governance-enhancing’ function, which in the end renders ISD as being part of the steering (or governance) instruments of SD. As a consequence, the enhancement or even management of the usability of ISD will distil down to ‘steer the steering’. Such a double-bound governance function can be addressed as ‘reflexive governance’, i.e. the governance of the governance instrument.

Comment penser conjointement la (re)production et le changement en matière d’inégalités des sexes ? Telle est la question abordée dans cette thèse, au prisme de l’analyse des protagonistes impliqué-e-s dans l’accompagnement des démarches de promotion de l’égalité professionnelle femmes/hommes au sein des organisations. À partir d’une expérience personnelle envisagée d’un point de vue réflexif et d’un large corpus de données écrites et orales, dont une centaine d’entretiens, cette thèse propose d’étudier trois dynamiques (d’institutionnalisation, de marchandisation et de professionnalisation) perceptibles au sein de l’ « espace de l’égalité professionnelle », en France, depuis le milieu des années 1960. L’analyse met d’abord en exergue une « institutionnalisation molle » de l’égalité professionnelle dans le contexte français, au cours de la période considérée. Elle révèle ensuite le caractère « incertain » du marché des prestations de services et du marché de travail au sein de l’ « espace de l’accompagnement à l’égalité professionnelle ». Elle souligne, enfin, la difficile structuration d’un espace investi par des protagonistes issu-e-s d’horizons divers, mobilisant des conceptions variées de l’égalité, de l’expertise et de l’ethos professionnel. Deux facteurs paraissent dès lors jouer un rôle fondamental pour comprendre ces phénomènes, ainsi que le constat posé d’une difficile reconnaissance du caractère « professionnel » de l’activité étudiée : l’emprise du genre sur le fonctionnement de cet espace et le discrédit qui pèse plus généralement sur le féminisme, en France. Cette thèse permet ainsi d’éclairer certains enjeux scientifiques et sociaux qui se manifestent autour des activités dédiées à la promotion de l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes. De plus, s’inscrivant dans une approche favorisant le dialogue interdisciplinaire, elle fait écho aux préoccupations de plusieurs communautés de recherche, au premier rang desquelles les études genre, la sociologie de l’action publique, la sociologie économique et la sociologie des professions. / Is it possible to analyse simultaneously the (re)production and transformation of gender inequalities? This thesis aims to address this question, by focussing on women and men who are invested in accompanying organisations towards the promotion of equal opportunities in employment. By taking a reflexive stance on the author’s personal experience and by constructing a rich corpus of written and oral data, including almost one hundred interviews, this thesis uncovers three social processes (institutionalisation, marketization and professionalization), which have characterised the “equal opportunity in employment field” in France, since the mid-1960s. The research underscores the weak institutionalisation of equal opportunity measures in the French context over the period studied. It also reveals the “uncertain” nature of the job and business opportunities related to accompanying organisations in the promotion of equal opportunities in employment. The thesis illustrates the difficulties associated with organising a field that is invested by individuals originating from very diverse horizons, with varied know-how and qualifications. Two factors seem to play a major role in determining the denial of the “professional” nature of the activities studied here: the highly gendered characteristics of the field in question and the more general discredit of anything associated with feminism in France. This thesis sheds light on the scientific and social issues that are raised by activities related to the promotion of equal opportunities in employment. From a trans-disciplinary perspective, it echoes contemporary discussions within several research communities, including: Gender Studies, Social Policy, Economic Sociology and Sociology of the Professions.

L'Expression Corporelle (EC) est une discipline relativement récente en Espagne. Elle a été institutionnalisée au cours des années 1960 et 1970. Nous avons analysé les parcours de professionnalisation et les modalités d'appropriation/socialisation des pratiquants de l'EC. Le matériau est composé d'observations directes des pratiques corporelles, d'entretiens semi-directifs et de questionnaires qualitatifs. Cette thèse met en évidences les carrières corpo-expressives des pratiquant-e-s de l'EC. Notamment, on étudie le travail de transformation de soi qui modifie leurs dispositions. Nous mettons également en évidence la structuration de l'espace de la pratique. Il est configuré par les femmes des classes sociales moyennes et supérieures détenant un grand volume de capital culturel qui s'engagent "plus facilement" que les hommes dans des activités impliquant un " travail émotionnel ". / Body Expression (BE) is a relatively recent discipline in Spain. It was institutionalised over the course of the years 1960-1970. We have analysed the process of professionalisation and means of appropriation/socialisation of BE practitioners. The material subject to analysis consists of the direct observation of corporal practices, semi-directive interviews and qualitative questionnaires. This thesis brings to light the corpo-expressive careers of BE practitioners. We will mainly study the process of transformation of the self that modifies their disposition. We will also examine the structure of the space in which BE is practised. This space is mainly formed by middle and upper class women with a large amount of cultural capital who are "quicker" than men to commit to activities that entail "emotional work".

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-18T14:20:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 sobrevoo_reconhecimento.pdf: 8200021 bytes, checksum: 231b2e90e485427554f8b491ad6c10d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-18T14:20:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sobrevoo_reconhecimento.pdf: 8200021 bytes, checksum: 231b2e90e485427554f8b491ad6c10d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / Nenhuma / Nesta pesquisa, elaboramos a seguinte questão-problema: desde o âmbito do mercado publicitário (incluindo as agências de publicidade, os profissionais da criação publicitária, os anúncios premiados e os eventos de premiação), como se configuram os mecanismos de institucionalização da criação publicitária no Rio Grande do Sul pela perspectiva do habitus? Para respondê-la, definimos como objetivo principal a averiguação dos esquemas de institucionalização no mercado da criação publicitária no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, conduzidos pelas perspectivas do habitus e dos capitais que este aciona: social, cultural e econômico. Assim, articulamos principalmente os conceitos de institucionalização (BERGER & LUCKMANN, 2008) e os conceitos de Bourdieu (1983, 1989, 2004, 2005, 2007a, 2007b e 2008) de campo, de habitus e de capital. Em função da complexidade do nosso objeto, utilizamos a cartografia como base metodológica para a investigação, o que permitiu que nos afastássemos de nosso objeto: em um movimento de sobrevôo, visualizamos suas intensidades, que, mais ou menos vibrantes, revelaram seis platôs que deveriam ser considerados na (re)construção do subcampo: platô Instituições de Ensino Superior; platô sindicatos e organizações; platô agências; platô profissionais; platô anúncios e, ainda, platô eventos. Esse sobrevôo resultou em nossa macro visão. No entanto, esses platôs mostraram-se mais ou menos intensos e, assim, preferimos realizar um reconhecimento atento sobre aqueles de maior intensidade: platô agências, platô profissionais, platô anúncios e também o platô eventos de premiação, que constituem o que designamos como mercado publicitário. Foram muitos os mecanismos que identificamos e, da mesma forma, muitas as maneiras de atuação do habitus. Porém, podemos ressaltar que a institucionalização da criação publicitária no Rio Grande do Sul é um processo dinâmico, organizado nos e pelos esquemas de atuação do habitus. Isso porque esse processo é promovido pelos modos de atuação dos agentes. Com nosso pouso em cada platô, mas ainda no processo que se iniciou no sobrevôo, estes se revelaram ainda mais como multiplicidades, pois, perpassados pelo habitus, constituíam-se nas atuações dos capitais social, cultural e econômico. São as atuações desses capitais que estabelecem as linhas de força que constituem o subcampo da criação publicitária. / In this research, we have elaborated the following key question: from the scope of the advertising market (comprising advertising agencies, advertising professionals, awarded adverts and awarding events), how are the mechanisms for the institutionalisation of advert creation in Rio Grande do Sul configured through the perspective of habitus? To answer that question, we have defined our main objective to be the inquiry of the schemes of institutionalisation over the advertising market in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, conducted by both the perspective of habitus and of the capitals that it triggers: social, cultural and economic. Thus, we have mainly articulated the concept of institutionalisation (BERGER & LUCKMANN, 2008) and Bourdieu?s concepts of field, habitus and capital (1983, 1989, 2004, 2005, 2007a, 2007b e 2008). Due to the complexity of our object, we have employed cartography as our methodological basis for researching, which has allowed us to step away from our object: in a movement of overflying, we have visualised its intensities, which, more or less vibrant, have unfolded themselves into six plateaus that should be considered in the (re)construction of the subfield: plateau Higher Education Institutions; plateau unions and organisations; plateau agencies; plateau professionals, plateau adverts and plateau events. This overflight resulted in our macro vision. Nonetheless, these plateaus turned out to be more or less intense, and, thus, we have chosen to watchfully recognise those of more intensity: plateau agencies, plateau professionals, plateau adverts, and plateau awarding events as well, which constitute what we claim to be the advertising market. We have identified many mechanisms, and, likewise, many ways for habitus to act. However, we can highlight that the institutionalisation of advert creation in Rio Grande do Sul is a dynamic process, which is organised inside and by the schemes in which habitus acts. That because of the fact that such a process is boosted by the agents? modes of action. As we land on each plateau, but still in the process initiated in the overflight, they turned out to be of even more multiplicity, for, as they are pervaded by habitus, they constituted themselves in the actions of social, cultural and economic capitals. And it is those actions of such capitals that establish the power lines which constitute the subfield of advert creation.

A partir da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira e da implementação de serviços substitutivos ao modelo manicomial, novas práticas de cuidado aos usuários de saúde mental foram se constituindo. A presente dissertação coloca em questão os efeitos produzidos pela desinstitucionalização, a produção de processos de “cronificação” dos usuários nos serviços especializados e a necessidade da ampliação da circulação pela cidade por essas pessoas. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em um CAPS no município de Esteio, localizado na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre-RS, e utilizou-se da pesquisa-intervenção como estratégia metodológica apostando na ideia de que conhecimento e prática caminham juntos. Acompanhou-se um pequeno grupo de usuários de saúde mental que possuíam uma longa trajetória de tratamento e de tempo de permanência diária no CAPS. Durante a oficina, foram mapeados alguns de seus percursos pela cidade e realizadas saídas a campo para percorrer esses trajetos. Os efeitos produzidos pela intervenção colocaram em análise a relação com a cidade, a vulnerabilidade econômica dos usuários de saúde mental, além dos desdobramentos produzidos na pesquisadora. / The Brazilian’s Psychiatric Reform and the increasing of mental health community services, the ones that are not related to the mental asylum model, have developed new procedures to provide assistance care to mental health services users. This Master’s thesis aims to discuss the results achieved by the de-institutionalization process; the existence of user’s chronification process in specialized mental health community care services; and the demand of take the mental health users out of the services and make them move around the cities. The research was developed in a Brazil's Centers for Psycho-social Attention (CAPS) located in Esteio, one of the towns from Porto Alegre’s metropolitan area. The research was carried out using the intervention-research as the methodological strategy to improve the idea that the investigation process can be done throw practical work experiences. The researcher followed a small CAPS' user group in walking tour into the city. At moment of the research, these users had been receiving assistance in CAPS for a long time, and used to spent almost their day time in the mental health service. Before the walking tours stars, a mapping possibles tours workshop was develop with users. The results achieved for the workshop and the walking tour allowed to analyze: the mental health services' user connections and relations with the city; the economic vulnerability experienced by the user’s and some ideas and concepts supported by the researcher herself.

<p>This thesis proposes a typology of responsiveness in order to reduce interpretive ambiguity and to provide a framework which makes possible an assessment of the extent to which responsiveness is likely to be institutionalised in higher education. The typology is tested at two universities. The findings indicate that the typology developed can be deployed to reveal insight into how responsiveness is manifesting at universities. The findings around institutionalisation of responsiveness are less conclusive but indicate that while there is evidence of the institutionalisation of a particular type of university responsiveness, the process is at best partial as the academic heartland of higher education systems remain slow to accept the demands made by the state, university leadership and other stakeholders for more responsive universities.</p>