Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ronaldo.pdf: 418209 bytes, checksum: cf1492b5532b6e977762925c2b25bad6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-22 / This work seeks to analyze the use of the recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate bodes as a valid procedure, among others, in improving the serious situation of the disposal of solid residue in large Brazilian cities. Recycling allows the return of materials to the chain of production so that, after collection, selection and reprocessing, they are transformed and are offered on the market once more. 1t presents the technical definition of virgin resin, its manufacturing process and market possibilities for its use. 1t focuses on the moment of use and the environmental issue ensuing from disposal. 1t analyzes selective waste collection as one of the solutions for the serious problem of unemployment, with the participation of refuse cooperatives, NGOs and governments. This work also looks at the stages of reprocessing, as well as the techniques of transformation and the commercial viability of post-use utilization of material. Considering refuse, the disposable product, as a real problem, the speed of production and dispo sal, as well as the nature of its capacity to be reabsorbed have to be examined. The incredible disproportion between the speeds of these processes was noted. The growth of this disproportion was such that these days it is almost impossible to observe mbbish dumps and embankments, without noticing the profusion of PET bottles. Along with the bibliographic research, an empirical investigation was carried out, with the ~~ntion of unders.tanding the recycling phenomenon in its real context, understanding tlW social ~ political situation as a whole and indicating ideas which are coherent with this situatioll, in a way that step by step, with every new attitude and every change of habit, makes a better world for tIs and for all our descendents / O presente trabalho objetiva analisar a utilização da reciclagem de garrafas de polietileno teraftalato (PET) como procedimento válido entre tantos que se propõem a melhorar a grave situação do descarte de resíduos sólidos nas grandes cidades brasileiras. A reciclagem permite a volta de materiais à cadeia produtiva na medida em que - após a coleta, seleção e reprocessamento - são transformados e voltam a ser oferecidos ao mercado. Apresenta a definição técnica da resina virgem, seu processo de manufatura e as possibilidades mercadológicas de sua utilização. Enfoca o momento do uso e a questão ambiental decorrente do descarte. Analisa a coleta seletiva como uma das soluções para o grave problema do desemprego, com a participação das cooperativas do lixo, ONGs e govemos. O trabalho aborda, ainda, as etapas de reprocessamento, assim como as técnicas de transformação e a viabilidade empresarial da utilização do material pós-uso. Considerando-se o lixo, o produto descartável, como um problema de fato, há que se examinar a velocidade de sua produção e descarte, além da capacidade da natureza de reabsorvê-lo. O que se pôde observar neste trabalho foi a incrível desproporção entre as velocidades destes processos. O crescimento desta desproporção é tal que, hoje em dia, é quase impossível observar lixões e aterros sem que a profusão de garrafas PET salte aos olhos. Ao lado da pesquisa bibliográfica, buscou-se uma investigação empírica com o objetivo de compreender o fenômeno da reciclagem em seu contexto real, o que revelou o evidente esforço dos envolvidos nesta cadeia produtiva que, se estruturou pelos próprios meios, devido principalmente a atividade, mostrar-se bastante viável, a falta de políticas consistentes para o reaproveitamento dos materiais oriundos do lixo urbano, a inexistência de orientação dos governos focada na mudança de atitude de consumo e, principalmente, dos meios de produção. A viabilidade econômica do processo de reciclagem de PET foi fortemente evidenciada em todas as etapas da pesquisa de campo, no caso de uma das empresas de beneficiamento cujo diretor foi entrevistado, observou-se a possibilidade de o investimento inicial se pagar já no seu segundo ano de atividade. Cabe a todos nós apreender a totalidade da situação social e política e apontar idéias de soluções coerentes com a situação, de maneira que se possa - a cada pequeno passo, a cada nova atitude, a cada mudança de hábito - fazer deste um mundo melhor para nós e para todos os nossos descendentes, a pequena colaboração prestada por este trabalho, visa demonstrar mais uma das alternativa viáveis para a gestão equilibrada do meio ambiente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:36:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thaise Cristiane de Abreu Prudente.pdf: 8886563 bytes, checksum: 3c207eb96090dc06c6edec5a6ecb819e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-21 / Fruit of a reflection on the social dynamism front to the preservation, this objective work to analyze the daily one in the Asylum Is Vicente de Paulo in way to the old corporeal properties. For in such a way, do one searches concerning the history of Goiás, as well as of the installation of the Church Catholic, responsible for the construction of the related asylum. As the interns of this asylum they are aged and carrying of necessities special, then a study is approached on these two scopes. To understand the experience in the asylum front to the old goods, then we compare the analysis of this asylum with the one of other historical places as Willliamsburg in the United States and Ouro Preto in Minas Gerais. It weaves considerations, finally, on the ethnography of a daily one in the asylum, analyzing as if they process the social relations with furniture and utensils of the start of century XX. / Fruto de uma reflexão sobre o dinamismo social frente à preservação, este trabalho objetiva analisar o cotidiano no Asilo São Vicente de Paulo em meio a preservação patrimonial. Para tanto, engrendra-se uma pesquisa acerca da história de Goiás, bem como da instalação da Igreja Católica, responsável pela construção do referido asilo. Como os internos deste asilo são idosos e portadores de necessidades especiais, então aborda-se um estudo sobre esses dois âmbitos. Para compreender a vivência no asilo frente aos bens culturais, como o próprio prédio, compara-se esse asilo com outros locais históricos como Willliamsburg nos Estados Unidos e Ouro Preto em Minas Gerais. Tece considerações, por fim, sobre a etnografia do asilo, analisando como se processam as relações sociais em meio às referências culturais do começo do século XX.

Este trabalho visou a produção de suportes para crescimento celular constituídos de compósitos de poli(L-lactídeo) (PLLA) e diversos tipos de fosfatos de cálcio (CaP). A hidroxiapatita deficiente em cálcio (HAD) e o fosfato octacálcico (OCP) em tamanhos submicrométricos foram sintetizados. Hidroxiapatita (HA) e o β-fosfato tricálcico (β-TCP) foram adquiridos da Sigma-Aldrich. Uma mistura de HAD:β-TCP (7:3) também foi preparada. Para melhorar a dispersão da fase mineral em uma matriz polimérica de PLLA, utilizou-se cloreto de lauroíla para funcionalizar a superfície dos CaP. Os espectros de infravermelho e a análise termogravimétrica confirmaram a presença de laurato na superfície de partículas de CaP. As partículas de HA pura também foram funcionalizadas com cloreto de lauroíla para fins comparativos. Compósitos de PLLA/CaP-laurato foram fabricados utilizando a técnica de eletrofiação. A funcionalização da superfície do CaP com laurato resultou em uma melhoria significativa na dispersão de partículas de CaP na matriz polimérica, permitindo a inclusão de até 40% da fase mineral sem comprometer as propriedades mecânicas. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM) foram utilizadas para investigar a morfologia da fibra. A perda de massa e a liberação de cálcio dos suportes durante a degradação em uma solução salina tamponada com fosfato (PBS) foram medidas. HAD e OCP se mostraram ser mais solúveis do que HA e HAD:β-TCP (7:3). A bioatividade dos compósitos foi investigada por imersão das fibras em um fluido corporal simulado (SBF) a 37 °C e pH 7.4. Embora todos os suportes de PLLA/CaP-laurato foram capazes de formar uma camada de apatita em sua superfície após a exposição em SBF, os resultados demonstraram um aumento significativo na mineralização quando HAD, OCP e HAD:β-TCP (7:3) são a fase mineral no compósito em vez da HA. Além disso, malhas produzidas a partir das fibras eletrofiadas de PLLA/CaP-laurato, utilizadas como suporte para crescimento celular, favoreceram a adesão e proliferação de células de fibroblastos de camundongo (NIH-3T3) e células tronco mesenquimais de dentes decíduos humanos (SHED). Finalmente, suportes a partir das malhas PLLA/HAD-laurato e PLLA/OCP-laurato apresentaram melhor desempenho para acelerar a calcificação in vitro como resultado da osteoindução de células SHED e de células pré-osteoblásticas derivadas de calvária de rato (MC3T3-E1) se comparados aqueles contendo HA e HAD:β-TCP (7:3). Esses novos materiais são propostos como biocompósitos de rápida degradação de CaP, para serem utilizados em aplicações de regeneração óssea em ortodontia e ortopedia. / This work aimed at the generation of scaffolds for cellular growth constituted by poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and several types of calcium phosphate (CaP). Calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (HAD) and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) were synthesized in submicrometer sizes. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. A mixture of HAD:β-TCP (7:3) also was prepared. In order to improve the dispersion of the mineral phase in a PLLA polymeric matrix, lauroyl chloride was used to functionalize the surface of CaP. Infrared spectra and thermal gravimetric analysis confirmed the presence of laurate on the surface of CaP particles. Neat HA particles were also functionalized with lauryl chloride for comparative purposes. Composites of PLLA/CaP-laurate were fabricated by electrospinning method. The functionalization of CaP surfaces resulted in significant improvement of the dispersion of CaP particles into the polymeric matrix, allowing inclusion of up to 40% of mineral phase without compromising its mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to investigate the morphology of the fibers. The mass loss and calcium release of the scaffolds during degradation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were measured. HAD and OCP are more soluble than HA and HAD:β-TCP (7:3). The bioactivity of the composites was investigated by immersing the fibers in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C and pH 7.4. Although all PLLA/CaP-laurate can form apatite precipitation on their surface after exposition to SBF, the results demonstrate a significant enhancement in the mineralization when HAD, OCP and HAD:β-TCP (7:3) are the mineral phase in the composite instead of HA. Furthermore, mats obtained from PLLA/CaP-laurate electrospun fibers favored the mouse fibroblast cells (NIH-3T3) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) attachment and proliferation. Finally, PLLA/HAD-laurate and PLLA/OCP-laurate meshes showed better performance in accelerate the calcium phosphate mineralization on its surface as a result of the in vitro osteoinduction of SHEDs and calvaria derived mouse preosteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) if compared of those containing HA and HAD:β-TCP (7:3). These new materials are proposed as fast degradation CaP biocomposites to be used in bone regeneration applications in orthodontics and orthopedics.

Cette thèse aborde l'histoire des enfants et adultes handicapés mentaux en France et en Allemagne entre 1890 et le milieu des années 1930. Ce travail prend pour objet les personnes atteintes de déficience mentale, qualifiées à l'époque de « débiles mentaux », « imbéciles », « idiots » ou du terme plus générique d' « arriérés ». Cette étude apporte un éclairage nouveau sur plusieurs thèmes, en adoptant une perspective transnationale pour éclairer la circulation et les résistances dans les pratiques médicales et pédagogiques destinées aux arriérés. Cherchant à mettre en valeur la part de construction qui est en jeu dans l'élaboration de ces catégories nosographiques, les critères aboutissant à créer la « faiblesse d'esprit » (Schwachsinnigkeit) sont étudiés à travers de points de vue variés (famille, instituteurs, psychologues et aliénistes). On montre ainsi comment la catégorie est forgée par ceux qui les observent au quotidien. A l'échelle des institutions étudiées, l'évolution des pratiques asilaires démontre une volonté progressive de rationaliser le tri entre ceux qu'on pense « éducables » et les « incurables » par l'emploi d'outils tels que les tests psychométriques. La thèse démontre aussi comment les arriérés sont envisagés peu à peu comme une charge, voire un danger à l'échelle nationale. Après la Grande Guerre, le coût de leur prise en charge est vu comme un fardeau dans les deux pays, justifiant une rationalisation des soins qui leur sont accordés. Ils sont surtout considérés comme porteurs de tares transmissibles héréditairement, soit des individus qu'il s'agit de sélectionner voire d'éliminer en tant que danger sanitaire. La thèse explore ces deux aspects observés en France comme en Allemagne, et leur part dans la légitimation de la stérilisation forcée des arriérés comme « Malades héréditaires » mises en place par la loi adoptée dès les premiers mois de l'avènement du IIIe Reich, ainsi que les réactions du milieu psychiatrique français. / The topic of this PhD dissertation is the history of mentally deficient children and adults in both France and Germany between 1890 and 1934. This work focuses on people who suffered from mental retardation although at that time they would have been referred to as "feeble-minded," "idiots" or "imbeciles." This study provides a new focus on different subjects. The various circulations of medical models are considered in a dynamic perspective. lt also provides an original vision of the construction of the category of feeblemidness, influenced by agents like doctors [psychiatrists], families or teachers, questioning what was done in practical terms. Mentally deficient people were shaped by the gaze of the people they interacted with. They are also examined in a social and economic context to which these individuals respond. The evolution of the characterization of feeble-mindedness and the use of intelligence tests highlight various attempts to classify those individuals in a more rational way. From a more specific psychiatrie point of view, this thesis shows how the emphasis on their classification as "unproductive persans" as well as the description of feeble-mindedness as a hereditary and "racial" disease transformed them into a social issue in the context of the rise of social Darwinism and eugenics, which led fo their sterilization in Germany from 1934 on.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:01:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Reis dos Santos.pdf: 2639614 bytes, checksum: af6913e32fb2a5c4824eb18dc465518f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / O presente trabalho trata da trajetória de vida de profissionais com deficiência do Magistério, atuantes na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Vitória. Para tal, recorreu-se à opção metodológica de história de vida, caracterizada pela preocupação com o vínculo entre pesquisador e entrevistado. Entendemos que o pesquisador que trabalha com este tipo de metodologia, ao fazer com que as pessoas confiem nas lembranças e interpretações particulares do passado, em sua capacidade de colaborar para escrever a história, possibilita que os entrevistados com deficiência, com frequência ignorados e economicamente fragilizados, adquiram dignidade e sentido de finalidade ao rememorar a própria vida e fornecer informações valiosas. Partindo do princípio de que a abordagem metodológica de história de vida permite compreender a dinâmica das relações que o indivíduo estabelece ao longo de sua história, o método é igualmente compatível ao perfil dessa investigação. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo e a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas biográficas semi-estruturadas. Foram localizados treze profissionais com deficiência, porém quatro deles se constituíram sujeitos desta pesquisa. Destes quatro, dois possuem deficiência física e dois são cegos. Buscamos por meio das narrativas, permear questões relacionadas à vida pessoal e profissional dos sujeitos e suas relações com a deficiência, sendo nossa análise embasada numa perspectiva sócio-histórica predominantemente vigotskiana. Acreditamos que a análise histórica de como se edificou a constituição do sujeito com deficiência, seja no plano pessoal ou profissional, consistiu em ferramentas valiosas na compreensão das rotulações de incapacidade em torno da deficiência, heranças históricas do contexto educacional brasileiro e internacional. Ainda que a formação e constituição destes sujeitos tenha se dado numa atmosfera de baixa inclusão, a certeza que temos é a de que os professores com deficiência aqui investigados, nadaram contra uma corrente segregadora e provaram suas potencialidades numa vasta rede de possibilidades que lhe foram abertas / This paper is about the life story of professionals without a teaching practice, who work at the municipal educational system at Vitoria, ES. For that, it was turned to the methodological option of story of life, characterized by the worry with the link between the researcher and the interviewed. It is understood that the researcher who works with this kind of methodology, trying to make sure people trust on their memories and personal interpretations from the past, in their capacity of helping to write the story, makes it possible for the handicap interviewed, who are usually ignored and economically weakened, acquire dignity and purpose/ s meaning when remembering their own life and give valuable information. Starting by the fact that the methodological approach of life story allows to comprehend the relationships dynamic the person establishes during one/ s life, the method is equally compatible to this study profile. The study is of a qualitative character and the data capture was realized by the use of semi-structure biographical interviews. Thirteen deficient professionals were located, but only four of them were subjects of this study. From those four, two are handicapped and the other two are blind. By the narratives, we tried to permeate questions related to personal and professional life of these people and their relations with their deficiency, being our analyses cemented in a social-historical perspective basically vigotskiana . We believe the historical analyses of how the handicapped person constitution was built, either on personal or professional plan, constituted in valuable tools for the comprehension of incapacities label around deficiency, historical heritage on the Brazilian and international educational context. Even if the majoring and constitution of these people were obtained on a low inclusion atmosphere , it is certain that these deficient teachers here investigated, fought against a segregation line and proved their potentialities on a vast net of possibilities that were opened for them

Mesoporous alumina (Al2O3) in the gamma (γ) phase is widely used as a support in catalytic applications because of its high surface area, large pore volume, acid-base characteristics, and thermal stability. To improve the thermal stability of gamma alumina, dopants such as lanthanum, magnesium, zirconia, and silica are often introduced. Current laboratory-based methods for synthesizing gamma alumina generally involve 10-15 steps and/or use toxic, expensive surfactants and solvents. Industrial methods, while simpler, lack control of pore properties and surface chemistry. In contrast, we have developed an innovative solvent deficient, one-step method that is able to synthesize a wide range of pure and silica-doped aluminas with high surface areas, pore volumes from 0.3 to 1.8 cm3/g, and pore diameters from 5 to 40 nm. More significantly, our silica-doped aluminas are stable up to temperatures as high as 1300<°>C, which is 200<°>C higher than other pure and doped gamma alumina materials.The usefulness of gamma-alumina as a catalyst support is dependent on its favorable combination of textural, thermal, structural, and chemical properties, yet the relationship between structure and these other properties is still not clearly understood due to the poorly crystallized nature of the material. In particular, the mechanism by which the gamma structure is stabilized thermally by so many dopants is still not well understood. Based on our previous PDF experiments on pure and La-doped alumina, we have developed a hypothesis regarding the mechanism by which dopants increase thermal stability. To validate or refute this hypothesis, we collected PDF data on a wider range of laboratory and industrial alumina samples. Herein, we have utilized PDF analysis to study the local to intermediate-range structure of a series of our pure and silica-doped aluminas calcined at 50<°>C intervals between 50 and 1300<°>C as well as pure and silica-doped aluminas from commercial sources and other synthetic methods. This thorough study of alumina local structure will allow us to separate general trends in the local structure from idiosyncrasies based on synthetic method/conditions, and it will help us identify the structural features responsible for improved thermal stability. Having access to these PDF experiments, we have validated our current hypothesis on the nature of stabilization afforded by dopants and, more generally, developed a better understanding of the role structure plays in the properties of aluminas.

Dans le cadre de l'installation GANIL / SPIRAL-1, un système innovant de source d'ions cible (TISS) a été conçu pour produire des nouveaux faisceaux d'ions radioactifs compétitifs et déterminer dans quelle mesure il est possible d'améliorer les performances de production par l’optimisation de l’ensemble cible-source (ECS) d’ions dédié à la production d'un faisceau d'ions radioactifs spécifique.L'isotope d'alcalin de courte durée de 74Rb ( demi-vie = 64.8 ms) a été choisi comme cas d’école.En étudiant et en améliorant les processus impliqués dans le fonctionnement de l’ECS, i.e. production dans la cible par réaction fusion-évaporation, implantation dans- et sortie du graphite, effusion et ionisation, une efficacité de transformation atome-ion de 75% est attendue, menant à un taux d'ions de l'ordre de 104 pps à la sortie de l’ECS.Les performances estimées permettraient à l'installation GANIL / SPIRAL-1 de délivrer des faisceaux de 74Rb et 114Cs avec des intensités compétitives, jamais atteintes dans d'autres installations.Le dispositif de production a été développé sur la base de mon travail, pour répondre aux objectifs de physique et aux conditions d'opération de SPIRAL-1. L'efficacité, la fiabilité et donc la simplicité étaient essentielles. Le système répond à ces exigences. / In the frame of GANIL/SPIRAL-1 facility, an innovative target ion source system (TISS) has been designed in order to produce new competitive radioactive ion beams, and to determine to which extent it is possible to improve the production performances by optimizing a target ion source system dedicated to the production of a specific radioactive ion beam.The short-lived alkali isotope of 74Rb (half-life = 64.8 ms) has been chosen as a challenging case study.By studying and improving the processes involved in the TISS designed, i.e. in-target production by fusion-evaporation, implantation in and release out of graphite, effusion, and ionization, an atom-to-ion transformation efficiency of 75% was predicted, leading to an ion rate of the order of 104 pps at the exit of the TISS.The estimated performances would allow the GANIL / SPIRAL-1 installation to deliver beams of 74Rb and 114Cs with competitive intensities never reached in other installations.The production device was developed based on my work, to cope with physics objectives and with the conditions of the SPIRAL-1 operation. Efficiency, reliability and thus simplicity were essential. The system meets these requirements.The instrumentation needed for tests existed or have been specifically designed. The TISS has been built, assembled and partly tested.In parallel, issues have been addressed to answer related questions about sticking times, resistivity, and emissivity, to get inputs for the design of the TISS.Expected results with alkali allow thinking that the transposition of the principle to the production of neutron-deficient short-lived isotopes of noble gases and eventually metals could be performing.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Darbe atlikta teorinė specialiųjų poreikių mokinių integracijos į bendrojo lavinimo mokyklas situacijos bei mokinių matematinių gebėjimų analizė. Iškelta hipotezė, kad specialiosiose mokyklose besimokančių 10 klasės nežymiai protiškai atsilikusių mokinių matematiniai gebėjimai baigiant pagrindinę mokyklą yra panašūs kaip ir toje pačioje klasėje bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose besimokančių nežymiai protiškai atsilikusių mokinių, pasitvirtino. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas - įvertinti ir palyginti 10 klasės nežymiai protiškai atsilikusių mokinių, besimokančių skirtingo tipo ugdymo įstaigose, matematikos gebėjimus baigiant pagrindinę mokyklą. Atlikta kiekybinė duomenų analizė. Tyrime dalyvavo šešiasdešimt 10 klasės mokinių, besimokančių įvairiose Lietuvos mokyklose (30 bendrojo lavinimo mokyklos mokinių ir 30 specialiosios mokyklos mokinių), be to buvo apklausti 20 bendrojo lavinimo mokyklos mokytojų, dirbančių su nežymiai protiškai atsilikusiais mokiniais. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjami nežymiai protiškai atsilikusių mokinių, besimokančių specialiosiose mokyklose ir integruotai, matematikos programos įsisavinimo lygis. Svarbiausios empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Palyginus nežymiai protiškai atsilikusių mokinių matematinius gebėjimus pagal specialiosios mokyklos programą galima teigti, kad abiejų grupių mokinių programinės medžiagos įsisavinimo lygis beveik nesiskiria, o esantis skirtumas yra toks nežymus ir parodo, kad abiejų tipų mokyklų mokinių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The work presents a theoretical analysis of the situation of SEN children’s integration into comprehensive schools and their mathematical abilities. The hypothesis raised in this work, i.e. that the mathematical abilities of slightly mentally deficient 10th formers at special and comprehensive schools are very much similar, has been approved. An investigation has been carried out in a survey method with a purpose to evaluate the mathematical abilities at the period of graduating from the basic school of slightly mentally deficient 10th formers’ at different educational institutions. A quantitative data analysis has been made. Sixty 10th formers from different schools in Lithuania (30 children from comprehensive schools, and 30 from special education schools) have been investigated, as well as 20 teachers from comprehensive schools, that work with slightly mentally deficient children, have been interviewed. The empiric part of the work deals with slightly mentally deficient children’s from special education schools and those who are integrated in the comprehensive schools level of mathematical knowledge. The following are the main conclusions drawn from the empiric investigation: 1. After comparing slightly mentally deficient children’s from both groups abilities to absorb the information at maths, it turned out that these abilities are rather equal, and the difference, if any, is so little, that it only supports the idea that children’s from the special education... [to full text]

Thesis (Ph.D. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.