Student Number : 8887128 - PhD thesis - School of Psychology - Faculty of Humanities / There is a manifest similarity between the disorders of deficient attention and borderline psychopathology as they are described in the DSM IV. In my experience, those with borderline psychopathology have a history of problems with attention. This study seeks to explore the experiential link between the two disorders and how deficient attention acts as a precipitant factor in the development of borderline psychopathology. Ten interviews were conducted with adults diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder with a history of deficient attention. The interviews were unstructured, audiotaped and transcribed. The transcriptions were analysed according to the method of thematic content analysis. The transcriptions were also rerepresented in the testimonial form of life history. The data produced seven categories of experience, set in an overall context of trauma. Attention formed only one of these categories. The others were incoherence, incompetence, discord, refraction, dispossession and persecution. The categories, together with existing literature, were linked to form a traumatogenic model of the development of borderline psychopathology. This constitutes an extension of existing literature and is intended to contribute to the prevention and treatment of both disorders.

Trata-se de pesquisa teórica que tem o propósito de colocar em crise o conceito de deficiência mental, averiguando em que medida esta teorização, construída sob a influência das abordagens médica, psicológica e pedagógica, foi decisiva para excluir crianças cuja performance não condizia com o ideal de aluno surgido no contexto do ensino público obrigatório. Para tanto, fizemos o resgate histórico sobre o tema da deficiência mental procurando rastrear em que contextos se observaram os deslizamentos semânticos tais como retardamento mental e debilidade mental, embasando-nos em autores como Postel, Quetel, Bercherie, Ajuriaguerra, Double, Foucault, Mannoni e Lacan; argumentamos sobre o tema a partir do eixo teórico da Psicanálise como uma produção discursiva que vingou juntamente com o advento de um ideal de ciência objetivada, o cientificismo-tecnicismo, e que teve na hegemonia do discurso médico seu sustentáculo, orientando nossa análise nos estudos de autores como Freud, Lacan, Mannoni e Alemán; abordamos a migração para a Pedagogia da abordagem cientificista-tecnicista e apontamos alguns de seus efeitos, apoiados em autores como Arendt, Lefort e Azanha; por último, destacamos que um giro na posição de deficiente mental poderia ser alcançado com a produção de um saber singular, que tanto pelo lado do aluno como do professor seria a implicação e concluimos que as políticas públicas de inclusão escolar, ao mudar o foco deliberativo sobre o aluno deficiente mental, do discurso médico para o jurídico, acabaram por desencadear uma abertura no jeito de considerá-lo no currículo escolar apesar de ter acirrado o mal estar na educação. / The aim of this theoretical research is to deconstruct the concept of mental deficiency by investigating the extent to which this label - constructed under medical, psychological and pedagogical influences - has been decisive in the exclusion of those school children whose profile has not conformed with the ideal of a model pupil within the public education system. To this end the origins of the theme mental deficiency were investigated, and the semantic shifts from mental retardation to mental debility - for instance - were observed. References include Postel, Quetel, Bercherie, Ajuriaguerra, Double, Foucault, Mannoni e Lacan. The theme is argued using the basis of psychoanalysis theory as a source of speech production - originated in conjunction with the empirical science paradigm - which in turn was supported by the dominant medical discourse. Freud, Lacan, Mannoni e Alemáns studies guided this analysis. The migration of this approach to the pedagogical one is discussed and some of its effects are highlighted, based in the writings of Arendt, Lefort and Azanha. Finally, we pointed out that a functioning shift in the mentally deficient could be reached with a singular knowledge production, over which pupils and teachers alike would be have responsibilities. We concluded that school inclusion public policies, through changing the focus on the mentally deficient pupil from the medical to the legal discourse, promoted a spin in the way pupil assessment is made against the curriculum, despite the increased discomfort levels within the education system.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina Muniz.pdf: 1121758 bytes, checksum: 3ab6da983743f26177755f2297d5342a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-15 / As the principles of the dignity and equality must guide the native legislator in the elaboration of new laws to the amental and so that it does not remain only in a plan of the ideas, the presented thesis had its main focus in the creation of a new regimen for the deficient intellectual, of legal age and disabled, named extending familiar power , institute already in the Spanish right, and in belga s right as minorité prolongée , in case that they have parents or one of them alive one, in substitution to the institute of the curatela, considered for the foreigner doctrine as retrograde. For the rank in the new regimen, the declaration of incapacity will be made through the interdiction process, faster, simpler with little advertising, where the interdicted one will carry an identity card determining the limits of its acts. As the tutela is similar to the familiar power also approached the possibility of being the tutela and not the curatela the better institute of protection of deep amentals, if parents died or lost the familiar power. For the cases of few intellectual deficiency, it was thought about the procedure of disability and not of interdiction. They would be under the regimen of the curatela. We believe that the deficient deep intellectual will be more protected / Como os princípios da dignidade e igualdade devem nortear o legislador pátrio na elaboração de leis atinentes ao amental e, para que tais leis não permaneçam no plano das idéias, a tese ora apresentada teve seu foco principal na criação de um novo regime para o deficiente intelectual, maior de idade e incapacitado, o poder familiar prorrogado, instituto já existente no direito espanhol, e no direito belga, como minorité prolongée ,caso tenha os pais ou apenas um deles vivo, no exercício do poder familiar, em substituição ao instituto da curatela, vigente no direito brasileiro, mas considerado retrógrado pela doutrina estrangeira. Como proposto nesta tese, para colocar o maior sob o novo regime, faz-se necessária a declaração anterior de sua incapacidade, o que seria feito através do processo de incapacitação, mais rápido, mais simples e com menos publicidade que o vigente processo de interdição, ao término do qual seria expedida carteira de identidade determinando os limites de seus atos. Como no ordenamento pátrio a tutela é similar ao poder familiar, abordou-se também a possibilidade de ser a tutela, e não a curatela, o instituto mais adequado à proteção do maior amental profundo, solteiro, cujos pais faleceram, foram suspensos ou decaíram do poder familiar. Para os casos de deficiência intelectual leve, pensou-se no procedimento de inabilitação e não de interdição. Os inabilitados estariam sob o regime da curatela. Acredita-se, com isto, estar dando um passo a mais na proteção do deficiente intelectual profundo

O fungo leveduriforme Malassezia pachydermatis está presente na microbiota da pele dos animais. Alterações na imunidade da pele do hospedeiro fazem com que a levedura sofra adaptações modificando a expressão de fatores de virulência, causando otite, dermatite e até mesmo infecção sistêmica em animais e humanos. O tratamento de M. pachydermatis é relativamente simples, à base de antifúngicos azólicos. No entanto, o aparecimento de cepas resistentes e de infecções recorrentes tem gerado preocupação recentemente. Drosophila melanogaster tem sido um modelo promissor no estudo de microrganismos, apresentando duas vias de sinalização da resposta imune, a via Imd contra bactérias gram-negativas e a via Toll contra bactérias gram-positivas e fungos, as quais desencadeiam a produção dos peptídeos antimicrobianos locais e sistêmicos. A virulência de M. pachydermatis em moscas D. melanogaster wild-type e Toll-deficientes foi testada com inóculos nas concentrações entre 103 e 107 unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC)/ml e a infecção ocorreu pela punção com agulha no tórax das moscas, que foram colocadas em frascos com alimento e incubados à 29 °C por sete dias, com contagem diária da sobrevivência. Ainda foram realizados a contagem de UFC/ml/mosca e a histopatologia após os sete dias de observação. As moscas wild-type se mostraram resistentes à infecção. Curvas de mortalidade de moscas Toll-deficientes, em concentrações a partir de 104 leveduras/ml, diferiram estatisticamente do grupo controle. Após o sétimo dia de infecção, moscas wild-type inoculadas com 1 x 107 UFC/ml tinham carga fúngica variando entre 0,33 a 1 x 102 UFC/mosca, enquanto em moscas Toll-deficientes a carga fúngica variou de 2,3 x 103 a 1,3 x 104 UFC/mosca. Portanto, D. melanogaster Toll-deficientes são suscetíveis à infecção por M. pachydermatis devido à falta do sistema imune para o reconhecimento e montagem da resposta imune frente ao fungo, semelhante ao que ocorre em pacientes imunocomprometidos, dado o sistema imune conservado entre os mamíferos e a mosca-das-frutas. Deste modo, D. melanogaster é um modelo promissor e inovador para estudos de patogenicidade e de prospecção de fármacos frente a M. pachydermatis. / The yeast Malassezia pachydermatis is present in the normal microbiota of the skin of animals. Changes in the host's immunity cause the yeast to undergo adaptations modifying the expression of virulence factors, causing otitis, dermatitis and even systemic infection in animals and humans. The treatment of M. pachydermatis is relatively simple, based on the use of azole antifungals. However, the emergence of resistant strains and recurrent infections has generated concern recently. Drosophila melanogaster has been a promising model in the study of microorganisms, presenting two pathways of immune response signaling, the Imd pathway against gram-negative bacteria and the Toll pathway against gram-positive bacteria and fungi, which trigger the production of local and systemic antimicrobial peptides. The virulence of M. pachydermatis in wild-type and Toll-deficient D. melanogaster flies was tested with inoculum concentrations ranging between 103 and 107 colony forming units (CFU)/ml and the infection occurred by needle puncture in the thorax of the flies, which were placed in vials with food and incubated at 29 °C for seven days, with daily survival counts. Fungal burden counts and the histopathology were also performed after seven days of observation. Wild-type flies were resistant to infection. Mortality curves of Toll-deficient flies, at concentrations superior of 104 yeasts/ml, differed statistically from the control group. After the seventh day of infection, wild-type flies inoculated with 1 x 107 CFU/ml had fungal load ranging from 0.33 to 1 x 102 CFU/fly, while in Toll-deficient flies the fungal load ranged from 2.3 x 103 to 1.3 x 104 CFU/fly. We concluded that Toll-deficient D. melanogaster flies are susceptible to infection by M. pachydermatis due to lack of immune system for the recognition and assembly of immune response to the fungus, similar to that occurring in immunocompromised patients, given the conserved immune system among mammals and fruit flies. Therefore, D. melanogaster is a promising and innovative model for pathogenicity studies and prospection of drugs against M. pachydermatis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:53:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lorena Resende Carvalho.pdf: 962314 bytes, checksum: ae1b7934557d5ff9833cd7a3cded3057 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-09-02 / This dissertation is a result of a studying on the subject of the mental deficient student literacy at the including school context. Beyond the fact of the educational inclusion be a recent proposal, the importance of its study also is because of the limited number of scientific essays at this area and the high rate of mental deficient people composing the Brazilian population. For that reason, the main goal of this study is knowing and pondering about the literacy level presented by the student who is mental disabilited inserted in a common regular school classroom. That purpose demanded it was defined that student representative ability, involving his previous skills referring to reading and writing and the first and second orders symbolism; his graphic code domain, that is, his codifying and decoding letters and sounds ability and also his graphic language functional usage. First, to argument about this subject, it was done a bibliography research on the following questions: teaching and learning process, including education, graphic language development from a qualitative methodology focusing a case study, was destined to the data apprehension at the classroom proceedings, which was done by interviews and observations that included a mental deficient student with her teacher interacts, thus with the other students and the graphic object. The relation between the theory and the collected data allowed the analysis of the reality, showing that the mental deficient student is in a considered literacy elementary level. However, the analysis and the data interpretation brought the comprehension that this problem is not only because of the mental disability presented by the student, but also for the teaching and learning methodology that is the pedagogical practice basis of that school context. / Esta dissertação é o resultado de um estudo que tem por tema o letramento do aluno com deficiência mental no contexto da escola inclusiva. Além do fato de a inclusão educacional ser uma proposta recente, a importância do estudo também se deve ao número restrito de trabalhos científicos nesta área e ao alto índice de pessoas com deficiência mental compondo a população brasileira. O estudo tem, portanto, como objetivo principal conhecer e refletir sobre o nível de letramento apresentado pelo aluno com déficit mental inserido em uma sala comum de uma escola de ensino regular. Tal objetivo exigiu que se determinasse a capacidade representativa daquele aluno, envolvendo seus conhecimentos prévios referentes a leitura e a escrita e os simbolismos de 1a e 2a ordem; seu domínio relativo ao código gráfico, isto é, sua capacidade de codificar e decodificar letras e sons e ainda seu uso funcional relativo a linguagem gráfica. Para a discussão desta temática realizou-se, em primeiro lugar, uma pesquisa bibliográfica que tratou das questões: processo ensino-aprendizagem, educação inclusiva, desenvolvimento da linguagem gráfica e apropriação desse código pelo aluno com deficiência mental. A segunda parte da pesquisa, desenvolvida a partir de uma metodologia qualitativa com enfoque no estudo de caso, destinou-se a apreensão de dados na dinâmica da sala de aula, o que foi feito através de entrevistas e observações que incluíram as interações de uma aluna com deficiência mental e a professora, assim como com os demais alunos e com o objeto gráfico. O relacionamento da teoria com os dados apanhados, permitiu a análise do real, sinalizando que a aluna com deficiência mental, encontra-se em um nível consideravelmente elementar de letramento. Contudo, a análise e a interpretação dos dados trouxeram o entendimento de que essa problemática não se deve apenas à questão do déficit mental apresentado pela aluna, mas também à metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem que fundamenta a prática pedagógica daquele contexto escolar.

Esta pesquisa investigou o trabalho realizado em uma sala de recursos para deficientes visuais, que apóia educandos cegos e com baixa visão, seus familiares e os profissionais da instituição, e sua contribuição, legitimidade e importância em um contexto de inclusão escolar. Os dados foram obtidos mediante as entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com os envolvidos. Além disso, foram realizadas observações das aulas, e a análise documental de dois projetos de funcionamento da sala de recursos, registros e outros materiais selecionados na escola e no setor de apoio pesquisado, contemplando diferentes significados em seus múltiplos contextos, de forma ampla, descritiva, enfatizando o processo, como pressupõe uma pesquisa qualitativa. Elucidou-se as razões para a criação desse setor de apoio, assim como suas condições de funcionamento, através de uma retomada histórica e teórica sobre a clientela atendida. A realidade constatou a importância desse serviço no processo de inclusão escolar, orientando, supervisionando e desenvolvendo um trabalho adequado a necessidade de pais, alunos e profissionais ligados a escola, enfatizando-se o professor. A pesquisa mostrou que a sala de recursos pesquisada colaborou para o acesso do deficiente visual ao ensino regular e para sua inclusão educacional com maior eficácia. Obstante as conquistas, notou-se a necessidade do setor de apoio rever suas práticas, saindo do isolamento, aprendendo e buscando efetivamente trabalhar em equipe, ampliando seu olhar e desenvolvendo atividades que ultrapassem o âmbito educativo do aluno focalizado. / This research investigated the work developed in a resource room for visual deficient which supports students who are blind or have low vision, their relatives and institution professionals, their contribution, legitimacy and importance in a school inclusion context. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews with people involved. Furthermore, it was implemented class observation, and documental analysis of two projects regarding the functioning of the resource classroom, records and other material selected in the school and in the support department researched, achieving different meanings in its multiple contexts, widely and descriptively, emphasizing the process, as a qualitative research is expected to be. The reasons for the creation of this support department were elucidated, as well as its functioning conditions, through a historic and theoric retaken regarding the ministered clients. It was noticed the importance of this service in the process of school inclusion, guiding, supervising and developing a suitable work for the needs of parents, students and school professionals, being the teacher emphasized. The research showed that the resource room collaborated for the visual deficient access of the regular teaching and their educational inclusion with greater efficiency. Despite the achievements, it was noticed that the support department should review its practices, coming out of the isolation, learning and seeking to work effectively as a team, improving its view and developing activities that goes ahead the educational ambit of the student in focus.

Merlin is a tumour suppressor protein that is frequently mutated or downregulated in cancer. Biallelic Merlin inactivation is causative of tumour formation, including schwannoma, meningioma and ependymoma. These tumours can occur sporadically or as part of the genetic condition Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and cause significant morbidity. The current treatment options are restricted to surgery and radiotherapy, which are invasive and may cause further tumour development. The activity of both the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex Cullin 4 really interesting new gene (RING) E3 ubiquitin ligase- DNA damage binding protein (DDB1) and Cullin 4 associated factor 1 (CRL4-DCAF1) and Kinase suppressor of RAS 1 (KSR1) have been shown to be upregulated in schwannoma to drive tumour growth. KSR1 has also been shown to interact with components of the CRL4-DCAF1 complex. We investigated the expression, interaction and therapeutic potential of targeting these proteins in Merlin deficient schwannoma and meningioma using a primary human cell model and relevant cell lines. We found that DCAF1 and KSR1 protein were overexpressed in schwannoma and meningioma and confirmed that targeting both DCAF1 and KSR1 in meningioma had additive effects on proliferation. We also identified that CRL4-DCAF1 facilitates KSR1 dependent RAF/Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)/ERK pathway activity. We showed MLN3651, a neddylation inhibitor that targets ubiquitin ligase activity, reduced proliferation and activated apoptosis in Merlin-deficient tumours. We also showed that Merlin-positive tumours were less sensitive to MLN3651 than Merlin-deficient tumours; therefore, MLN3651 sensitivity may be CRL4-DCAF1-dependent. Finally, combination of MLN3651 and the MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 had additive effects, particularly in meningioma. Combinatorial therapy activated the Hippo pathway, inhibited RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activity and proliferation demonstrating that targeting the activity and downstream pathways of both DCAF1 and KSR1 represents an attractive novel therapeutic strategy in Merlin-deficient tumours.

Thesis (M. A. (African Languages)) -- University of the North, 1974 / Refer to the document

Various concentrations of ferrous and ferric iron solutions were held at room temperature for 60 min before they were assayed for ferrous iron, which may be unstable due to oxidation. The ferrous and ferric solutions (in pH 2 HCl) were maintained as such for 60 min without the use of chelators. There was no significant oxidation of ferrous iron. Also, four different levels of each ferrous and ferric iron were injected into proximal duodenal loops of rat intestine and uptake was determined at four different time intervals. Two iron-replete rats were assigned to each of the treatments. The in situ experiments showed that iron was taken up rapidly from pH 2.0 solutions of ferrous and ferric iron. Maximum amount of iron was taken up in the first 10 min. Uptake of ferrous iron was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than uptake of ferric iron, and there were significant differences in total uptake among the four iron levels used. Uptake, absorption, and adsorption kinetics of both ferrous and ferric iron were determined in situ for both iron-replete and iron-deficient rats. Deficiency caused greater uptake and absorption, confirming a biological adaptation of these processes. Both uptake and absorption were greater for ferrous than for ferric iron and were possibly taken up by different pathways or by a ferrous-ferric pathway with preference for ferrous. Uptake and absorption kinetics were biphasic for both ferrous and ferric iron. The first phase demonstrated saturation kinetics and was followed by a nonsaturable phase at higher concentrations of luminal iron. Iron deficiency altered the uptake and absorption kinetics of ferrous and ferric iron, but not always in a similar manner, suggesting that ferrous and ferric iron were each taken up by a separate pathway. Indications were that enhanced absorption during deficiency was largely due to adaptation of ferric uptake. Iron adsorption was directly proportional to luminal iron concentration, but it was greater for ferric than for ferrous, possibly due to charge interactions. Iron deficiency caused increased adsorption of both ferrous and ferric iron, supporting the notion that adsorption acts to maintain iron in a form available for uptake.

<p>T lymphocytes are primarily involved in adaptive, cell-mediated, immune reactions. In this thesis T cells were studied regarding central and peripheral differentiation and homeostatic mechanisms for maintanance of the immune repertoire.</p><p>The influence by mature T cells on thymic development was studied in C.B-17 <i>scid/scid</i> (SCID) mice, devoid of mature T and B cells, and whose thymocyte development is arrested at the early pro-T cell stage. When mature syngeneic T cells were injected the developmental block was overcome and there was an accumulation of CD4⁺CD8⁺ thymocytes. This event was accompanied by the maturation of medullary epithelial cells in thymus which seemed to be driven by CD8⁺ T cells. In the periphery there was initially a spontaneous T-cell proliferation and later, the majority of the donor T lymphocytes showed a memory phenotype with high expression of CD44 and with an early onset of proliferation and cytokine production upon stimulation. This stable pool of memory type of cells sustained for more than a year following treatment.</p><p>Treating SCID mice with allogeneic T cells results in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Severe GVHD was dependent on the MHC-haplotype of the donor cells and was accompanied by profound alterations of the TCR-Vβ repertoire and with high production of IFN-γ.</p><p>Kappa light chain (κ)-deficient mice have only half the number of B cells as their normal counterparts but normal levels of immunoglobulins. When T cells from κ-deficient mice were stimulated <i>in vitro</i> there was a bias towards production of B-cell stimulatory type 2 cytokines. This is proposed as a mechanism for the homeostatic control of serum immunoglobulin levels in κ-deficient mice.</p>