Since the 1960s the literature on demography of rural northern Sweden has focussed on 'decline' - noting loss of population, population ageing, yourth outmigration and other 'negative' demographic developments (Friedlander, 1969; Hjort, 2009; Stone 1971); recent studies suggest that such generalizations may overlook the diversity of experiences of rural areas (D. Carson and Koch, 2013; Cernic-Maly, Koch and Koch, 2014; Hedlund, 2014; Hoggart and Paniagua, 2001; Koch and Carson, 2012). The purpose of this thesis is to explore aspets of the diversity of experiences of demographic change in one part of rural northern Sweden, focusing on differences between villages and towns within a single municipality. Theoretically, the large body of scientific studies of 'rural' tend to be at macro-scale and from the 'urban' perspective, which might provide generalized and biased assumptions of 'rural'; this study may contribute to the understanding of 'rural' by describing it 'how it really is' and by looking into demographic diversity and change at the micro-scale. Practically, the thesis might assist local planners to take 'place-based' decisions when planning for the future of rural areas when deciding where to place schools, health centres, youth activities centres, playgrounds, or invest in economic opportunities, etc. Moreover, this thesis should answer the following research questions:  Q1: Is there diversity in demographic characteristics when comparing proximate locations in the Swedish rural setting? Q2: If there is, is it something that has recently emerged, or sothing that has been present for a long period of history? The thesis studied the case of Vilhelmina municipality, in this case defined by local government boundaries, in three stages: first, looked at how settlement patterns within the area have changed over time - where has there been population growth? Decline? Both? Neither? - using data from 1890, 1970 and 2015. Second, selected five individual locations (defined by village' borders) within the area that have featured at those points in time, and compared them in terms of age, sex, age dependency ratios, and child-woman rates. Third, accessed secondary historical data and interviewed key informants with knowledge of these places to check which events could have influenced shaping them over the time. The findings of the thesis were: 'fragmentedä development over time, differences between individual places at different time; differences between different places at the same time; local, regional, national and international events and trends are likely to have played a role in these results. According to the findings, I can conclude that even since the 1960s, not all locations in rural northern Sweden have had the same experience of 'decline'. Furthermore, not all places share the presumed characteristics of rural areas - i.e. some are younger and some are older, etc. Hence, even the same events influence proximate places in different ways depending on their specific location (e.g. near geographical feature that become more or less valued), their connections with other places (through economic activities, communications, family ties, etc), rules and regulations especially regarding land use, and availability of infrastructure. This thesis describes the demographics of a case in rural northern Sweden in the micro perspective related to temporal and spatial scales. This study provides empirical evidence and might support arguments about the importance of scale and diversity of rural conditions. Moreover, it emphasises, as Koch and Carson (2012) did, the need to understand the spatial scale at which assessments of rural demographic change are being made. Lastly, more academics should perform this genre of research, so that we move past incomplete messages and concepts about rural development that have dominated in northern Sweden since the 1960s.

Wie wird sich der öffentliche Raum unserer Städte verändern, wenn die Bevölkerung altert? Das interaktive Architekturmodell „Eine Stadt für jedes Alter“ geht dieser Frage nach. Entstanden ist es für die Ausstellung „Alle Generationen in einem Boot“ auf der MS Wissenschaft. Das Ausstellungsschiff des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) war aus Anlass des Wissenschaftsjahres 2013, welches unter dem Titel „Die demografische Chance“ stand, auf einer Tour durch Deutschland und Österreich unterwegs. Die Betrachter des Exponats werden zunächst durch Szenarien in die Zukunft versetzt. Gezeigt wird ein Ausschnitt aus dem Alltag von drei Senioren und einem Kind im Jahr 2045. Diese vier Personen können dann als Figuren im Modell gesucht und wiedergefunden werden. Die wesentlichen Aspekte einer altersgerechten und barrierefreien Anpassung des städtischen Raums sind in ihrer Umgebung dargestellt und werden mit Texten erläutert. Die vorliegende Broschüre zeigt Eindrücke des Architekturmodells und liefert Informationen zu den zukünftig zu erwartenden Entwicklungen in den Bereichen Mobilität, Wohnen und Versorgung sowie Pflege und Betreuung.

This article presents a framework within which the effects of demographic change on both agglomeration and growth of economic activities can be analyzed. I introduce an overlapping generation structure into a New Economic Geography model with endogenous growth due to learning spillovers and focus on the effects of demographic structures on long-run equilibrium outcomes and stability properties. First, life-time uncertainty is shown to decrease long-run economic growth perspectives. In doing so, it also mitigates the pro-growth effects of agglomeration resulting from the localized nature of learning externalities. Second, the turnover of generations acts as a dispersion force whose anti-agglomerative effects are, however, dampened by the growth-linked circular causality being present as long as interregional knowledge spillovers are not perfect. Finally, lifetime uncertainty also reduces the possibility that agglomeration is the result of a self-fulfilling prophecy. (author's abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

No description available.

Die vorliegende Ausgabe konzentriert sich auf die Auswahl einer sinnvollen Analysemethode auf Basis des Realoptionsansatzes zur Analyse der Auswirkungen des demografischen Wandels auf die Siedlungsentwässerung. In der Literatur finden unterschiedliche Bewertungstechniken und verschiedene Bewertungsansätze der Realoptionstheorie Anwendung. Die in dieser Arbeit entwickelte Analysemethode kombiniert den qualitativen und den quantitativen Bewertungsansatz miteinander und plädiert für die Bewertungstechnik des Binomialmodells. Es wird eine Methode in fünf Arbeitsschritten vorgestellt, in der Kriterienüberprüfungen hinsichtlich des Vorhandenseins von Unsicherheit und Flexibilität vorgesehen sind. Zur empirischen Anwendung der Analysemethode bietet sich als Untersuchungsgebiet die Abwasserinfrastruktur des Plattenbaugebietes Weißwasser-Süd an, da dort vielfältige Probleme infolge des demografischen Wandels auftreten. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die Kriterien zur Anwendung der entwickelten Methode, Unsicherheit und Flexibilität, hinsichtlich mehrerer Einflussfaktoren und Anpassungsmaßnahmen erfüllt sind und somit die Anwendung des Realoptionsansatzes gerechtfertigt ist. Die Anwendung der Analysemethode auf das Untersuchungsgebiet in Weißwasser offenbart für das Versorgungsunternehmen vielfältige Handlungsmöglichkeiten zum Umgang mit bestehenden Problemen und zur Anpassung an beeinflussende unsichere Faktoren. Weiterhin können mit Hilfe der Analyse die Vor- und Nachteile der ausgewählten Methode aufgezeigt werden, was für weitere Untersuchungen des Themengebietes hilfreich sein kann.

Canada’s aging population is expected to have an impact on all public institutions; for public libraries, the emergence of a large, multi-generational user group of older adults challenges the current paradigm of services to seniors. This thesis examines a subset of this user group: baby boomer library patrons who are in a caring relationship with elders. It investigates how these patrons interact with the public library both for themselves, and as carers, in order to reveal library-related issues particular to this growing segment of the population. The study takes place within a conceptual framework derived from the ethic of care, and from emerging theories of library-as-place rooted in the fields of human geography and sociology. Using a qualitative instrumental case study method, long form interviews were conducted with respondents recruited through theoretical sampling extended by snowball sampling. While not generalizable, findings suggest that while these baby boomer respondents value their libraries deeply, there is potential to create services and practices more attuned to the needs of older adults who are in relationships with elders.

En Tunisie, la massification et la démocratisation de l’enseignement supérieur ont explosé le nombre de diplômés qui éprouvent des difficultés d’insertion professionnelle depuis le début des années 1980, cette conjoncture a été l’un des principaux déclencheurs de la révolution du 14 janvier 2011.Comme dans plusieurs des pays, l’origine du chômage des diplômés tunisiens réside essentiellement dans le déphasage entre les formations (investissement en capital humain) et les besoins des entreprises (l’investissement en matière d’emploi).Ce phénomène ne manque pas d’avoir des conséquences sociodémographiques importantes. En effet, les individus en difficulté d’insertion sont souvent victimes d’un sentiment de marginalisation, voire d’exclusion, notamment des transactions matrimoniales (retard de leur date de mise en couple qui aura des conséquences sur la fécondité). Les diplômés développent alors des stratégies pour échapper au chômage tels que l’émigration, la poursuite des études surtout pour les filles ou la création d’entreprises si la situation financière le permet.L’objectif de cette thèse consiste à étudier et à comprendre les interactions entre l’emploi et les phénomènes démographiques. / In Tunisia, the massification and democratization of higher education have exploded the number of graduates who have employability problems since the early 1980s, this situation was one of the main triggers of the Revolution of January 14, 2011. As in many countries, causing the unemployment Tunisian graduates lies essentially in the phase shift between training (human capital investment), and business needs (investment in employment). This phenomenon does not fail to have significant sociodemographic consequences. Indeed, individuals with insertion difficulties often experience a sense of marginalization or exclusion, including matrimonial transactions (delay their date of couple formation will affect fertility). Graduates eek to developing strategies to escape unemployment to escape unemployment such as emigration, further education especially for girls or business creation if the financial situation allows.The objective of this thesis is to study and understand the interactions between employment and demographic phenomena.

O presente estudo aborda a demografia e seus impactos na economia. A redução das taxas de fecundidade e de mortalidade, acompanhadas pelo aumento da expectativa de vida da população, tiveram como consequência a queda da taxa de crescimento populacional e mudanças na estrutura etária da população brasileira. Esse fenômeno também condiciona a chamada transição demográfica, processo no qual ocorre redução na proporção de crianças e aumento na proporção de pessoas idosas na população. A literatura supõe que esse processo esteja relacionado com o crescimento econômico, de forma que regiões com menor taxa de dependência (proporção de crianças e idosos na população) devem apresentar maior crescimento econômico. Utilizando-se técnicas de análise exploratória de dados espaciais (AEDE) para Áreas Mínimas Comparáveis (AMC) e de econometria para dados em painel, foi comprovada a relação inversa entre taxa de dependência e crescimento econômico com ambas as técnicas para o Brasil. A taxa de dependência indicou que o componente infantil predomina no Brasil e que as regiões do Brasil mais desenvolvidas em termos de mudança demográfica são as Sul e Sudeste. Tanto as taxas de dependência infantil e de idosos mostraram influenciar negativamente o modelo de crescimento econômico brasileiro, contribuindo para diminuir o caráter dúbio da última taxa mediante utilização de método econométrico que corrige para o problema da endogeneidade - Gmm-System. Foi também investigada a influência da demografia sobre o consumo utilizando-se dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos familiares (POF) ano base 2002-2003 para o Rio Grande do Sul, indicando que os setores máquinas e tratores, material elétrico e eletrônico, material de transportes, outras indústrias, instituições financeiras, serviços prestados às famílias e às empresas, aluguel de imóveis, administração pública e serviços privados não-mercantis, possuem um efeito positivo do envelhecimento populacional no consumo, o que podemos chamar de quebracabeça ao contrário do consumo na aposentadoria. Ademais, o consumo total indicou ser estável, o que parece fazer sentido, uma vez que existem também setores cujo consumo diminui com a idade. Com isso, evidenciou-se a importância da demografia tanto no crescimento econômico quanto no consumo para o Brasil e o Rio Grande do Sul, respectivamente. / This study addresses the demography and its impact on the economy. The reduction of fertility and mortality, followed by an increase in life expectancy of the population, has resulted in a decline in population growth and changes in the age structure of the population. This phenomenon also affects the so-called demographic transition process in which there is a reduction in the proportion of children and an increase in the proportion of aged people in the population. Literature assumes that this process is related to economic growth, so that regions with lower dependency ratio (proportion of children and aged people in the population) should have higher economic growth. Using techniques of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) for Minimum Comparable Areas (MCA) and of econometrics for panel data, it has been proved the inverse relationship between the rate of dependency and economic growth with both techniques for Brazil. The dependency ratio indicated that the child component predominates in Brazil and that the more developed regions of Brazil in terms of demographic change are the South and Southeast. Both rates of child and aged dependency influenced negatively the model of Brazilian economic growth, helping to reduce the dubiousness of the last rate by using econometric method that corrects for the endogeneity problem - Gmm- System. It was also investigated the influence of demography on consumption using data of the Household Budget Survey (HBS) base year 2002-2003 for Rio Grande do Sul indicating that sectors of machinery and tractors, electrical and electronic equipment, transport equipment, other industries, financial institutions, services to families and business, property rental, government and private non-market services, have a positive effect from aging on consumption, what we could call an “unlike retirement consumption puzzle”. Moreover, the complete consumption indicated to be stable, which seem to make sense, since there are also areas which consumption decreases with age. With that, the importance of demographics in both economic growth and the consumption for Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul, respectively, has been evidenced.

O presente estudo aborda a demografia e seus impactos na economia. A redução das taxas de fecundidade e de mortalidade, acompanhadas pelo aumento da expectativa de vida da população, tiveram como consequência a queda da taxa de crescimento populacional e mudanças na estrutura etária da população brasileira. Esse fenômeno também condiciona a chamada transição demográfica, processo no qual ocorre redução na proporção de crianças e aumento na proporção de pessoas idosas na população. A literatura supõe que esse processo esteja relacionado com o crescimento econômico, de forma que regiões com menor taxa de dependência (proporção de crianças e idosos na população) devem apresentar maior crescimento econômico. Utilizando-se técnicas de análise exploratória de dados espaciais (AEDE) para Áreas Mínimas Comparáveis (AMC) e de econometria para dados em painel, foi comprovada a relação inversa entre taxa de dependência e crescimento econômico com ambas as técnicas para o Brasil. A taxa de dependência indicou que o componente infantil predomina no Brasil e que as regiões do Brasil mais desenvolvidas em termos de mudança demográfica são as Sul e Sudeste. Tanto as taxas de dependência infantil e de idosos mostraram influenciar negativamente o modelo de crescimento econômico brasileiro, contribuindo para diminuir o caráter dúbio da última taxa mediante utilização de método econométrico que corrige para o problema da endogeneidade - Gmm-System. Foi também investigada a influência da demografia sobre o consumo utilizando-se dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos familiares (POF) ano base 2002-2003 para o Rio Grande do Sul, indicando que os setores máquinas e tratores, material elétrico e eletrônico, material de transportes, outras indústrias, instituições financeiras, serviços prestados às famílias e às empresas, aluguel de imóveis, administração pública e serviços privados não-mercantis, possuem um efeito positivo do envelhecimento populacional no consumo, o que podemos chamar de quebracabeça ao contrário do consumo na aposentadoria. Ademais, o consumo total indicou ser estável, o que parece fazer sentido, uma vez que existem também setores cujo consumo diminui com a idade. Com isso, evidenciou-se a importância da demografia tanto no crescimento econômico quanto no consumo para o Brasil e o Rio Grande do Sul, respectivamente. / This study addresses the demography and its impact on the economy. The reduction of fertility and mortality, followed by an increase in life expectancy of the population, has resulted in a decline in population growth and changes in the age structure of the population. This phenomenon also affects the so-called demographic transition process in which there is a reduction in the proportion of children and an increase in the proportion of aged people in the population. Literature assumes that this process is related to economic growth, so that regions with lower dependency ratio (proportion of children and aged people in the population) should have higher economic growth. Using techniques of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) for Minimum Comparable Areas (MCA) and of econometrics for panel data, it has been proved the inverse relationship between the rate of dependency and economic growth with both techniques for Brazil. The dependency ratio indicated that the child component predominates in Brazil and that the more developed regions of Brazil in terms of demographic change are the South and Southeast. Both rates of child and aged dependency influenced negatively the model of Brazilian economic growth, helping to reduce the dubiousness of the last rate by using econometric method that corrects for the endogeneity problem - Gmm- System. It was also investigated the influence of demography on consumption using data of the Household Budget Survey (HBS) base year 2002-2003 for Rio Grande do Sul indicating that sectors of machinery and tractors, electrical and electronic equipment, transport equipment, other industries, financial institutions, services to families and business, property rental, government and private non-market services, have a positive effect from aging on consumption, what we could call an “unlike retirement consumption puzzle”. Moreover, the complete consumption indicated to be stable, which seem to make sense, since there are also areas which consumption decreases with age. With that, the importance of demographics in both economic growth and the consumption for Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul, respectively, has been evidenced.

O presente estudo aborda a demografia e seus impactos na economia. A redução das taxas de fecundidade e de mortalidade, acompanhadas pelo aumento da expectativa de vida da população, tiveram como consequência a queda da taxa de crescimento populacional e mudanças na estrutura etária da população brasileira. Esse fenômeno também condiciona a chamada transição demográfica, processo no qual ocorre redução na proporção de crianças e aumento na proporção de pessoas idosas na população. A literatura supõe que esse processo esteja relacionado com o crescimento econômico, de forma que regiões com menor taxa de dependência (proporção de crianças e idosos na população) devem apresentar maior crescimento econômico. Utilizando-se técnicas de análise exploratória de dados espaciais (AEDE) para Áreas Mínimas Comparáveis (AMC) e de econometria para dados em painel, foi comprovada a relação inversa entre taxa de dependência e crescimento econômico com ambas as técnicas para o Brasil. A taxa de dependência indicou que o componente infantil predomina no Brasil e que as regiões do Brasil mais desenvolvidas em termos de mudança demográfica são as Sul e Sudeste. Tanto as taxas de dependência infantil e de idosos mostraram influenciar negativamente o modelo de crescimento econômico brasileiro, contribuindo para diminuir o caráter dúbio da última taxa mediante utilização de método econométrico que corrige para o problema da endogeneidade - Gmm-System. Foi também investigada a influência da demografia sobre o consumo utilizando-se dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos familiares (POF) ano base 2002-2003 para o Rio Grande do Sul, indicando que os setores máquinas e tratores, material elétrico e eletrônico, material de transportes, outras indústrias, instituições financeiras, serviços prestados às famílias e às empresas, aluguel de imóveis, administração pública e serviços privados não-mercantis, possuem um efeito positivo do envelhecimento populacional no consumo, o que podemos chamar de quebracabeça ao contrário do consumo na aposentadoria. Ademais, o consumo total indicou ser estável, o que parece fazer sentido, uma vez que existem também setores cujo consumo diminui com a idade. Com isso, evidenciou-se a importância da demografia tanto no crescimento econômico quanto no consumo para o Brasil e o Rio Grande do Sul, respectivamente. / This study addresses the demography and its impact on the economy. The reduction of fertility and mortality, followed by an increase in life expectancy of the population, has resulted in a decline in population growth and changes in the age structure of the population. This phenomenon also affects the so-called demographic transition process in which there is a reduction in the proportion of children and an increase in the proportion of aged people in the population. Literature assumes that this process is related to economic growth, so that regions with lower dependency ratio (proportion of children and aged people in the population) should have higher economic growth. Using techniques of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) for Minimum Comparable Areas (MCA) and of econometrics for panel data, it has been proved the inverse relationship between the rate of dependency and economic growth with both techniques for Brazil. The dependency ratio indicated that the child component predominates in Brazil and that the more developed regions of Brazil in terms of demographic change are the South and Southeast. Both rates of child and aged dependency influenced negatively the model of Brazilian economic growth, helping to reduce the dubiousness of the last rate by using econometric method that corrects for the endogeneity problem - Gmm- System. It was also investigated the influence of demography on consumption using data of the Household Budget Survey (HBS) base year 2002-2003 for Rio Grande do Sul indicating that sectors of machinery and tractors, electrical and electronic equipment, transport equipment, other industries, financial institutions, services to families and business, property rental, government and private non-market services, have a positive effect from aging on consumption, what we could call an “unlike retirement consumption puzzle”. Moreover, the complete consumption indicated to be stable, which seem to make sense, since there are also areas which consumption decreases with age. With that, the importance of demographics in both economic growth and the consumption for Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul, respectively, has been evidenced.