We isolated and expanded stem cells from dental pulp from extracted third molars using an innovative culture method consisting of low serum-containing medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor BB. We evaluated the differentiation potential of these cells when they were growing either adherently or as micromass/spheroid cultures in various media. Undifferentiated and differentiated cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting. The flow cytometry results showed that the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were positive for mesenchymal stromal cell markers, but negative for hematopoietic markers. Immunocytochemical and/or immunoblotting analyses revealed the expression of numerous stem cell markers, including nanog, Sox2, nestin, Musashi-1 and nucleostemin, whereas they were negative for markers associated with differentiated neural, vascular and hepatic cells. Surprisingly, the cells were only slightly positive for α-smooth muscle actin, and a heterogeneous expression of CD146 was observed. When cultured in osteogenic media, they expressed osteonectin, osteopontin and procollagen I, and in micromass cultures, they produced collagen I. DPSCs cultured in TGF-β1/3-supplemented media produced extracellular matrix typical of cartilaginous tissue. The addition of vascular endothelial growth factor to serum-free media resulted in the expression of endothelial markers. Interestingly, when cultured in neurogenic media, DPSCs exhibited de novo or upregulated markers of undifferentiated and differentiated neural cells. Collectively, our data show that DPSCs are self-renewing and able to express markers of bone, cartilage, vascular and neural tissues, suggesting their multipotential capacity. Their easy accessibility makes these cells a suitable source of somatic stem cells for tissue engineering. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:43:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaGA_DISSERT.pdf: 1532248 bytes, checksum: 8b25b3bf5e0afc796607cf138b0a9885 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Dental pulp stem cells have been widely investigated because of their ability to differentiate into both dental and non-dental cells, with potential use in therapies involving tissue engineering. The technique of cell cryopreservation represents a viable alternative for the conservation of these cells, since it stops reversibly, in a controlled manner, all of cell biological functions in an ultra low temperature. The present study aimed to evaluate, using in vitro experiments, the influence of a cryopreservation protocol on the biologic acti vity of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Cells obtained from the pulp of three deciduous teeth on end-stage exfoliation or with indicated extraction were expanded in α-MEM culture medium supplemented with antibiotics and 15% fetal bovine serum. At second subculture (P2), a group of cells were submitted to cryopreservation for 30 days in 10% DMSO diluted in fetal bovine serum, at -80? C, while the remind cells continued under normal conditions of cell culture. Cell proliferation was evaluated in both groups (not cryopreserved or cryopreserved) by Trypan blue stain essay at intervals of 24, 48 and 72h after plating. Cell cycle analysis of SHEDs submitted or not to the cryopreservation protocol was performed in the same intervals. Events related to cell death were studied by Annexyn V and PI expression under flow cytometry at the intervals of 24 and 72h. The presence of nuclear morphological changes was evaluated by DAPI staining at 72h interval. It was observed that both groups exhibited an upward cell proliferation curve, without considerable changes in cell viability throughout the experiment. The distribution of cell in the cell cycle phasis was consistent with cell proliferation in both groups. There were no nuclear morphological damages in the end range of the experiment. therefore, it is concluded that the proposed cryopreservation protocol is efficient for storing the studied cell type, allowing its use in future experimental studies / C?lulas-tronco da polpa dental humana t?m sido amplamente investigadas em raz?o da sua capacidade de diferenciar-se tanto em c?lulas dentais quanto n?o dentais, com potencial de utiliza??o em terapias envolvendo a engenharia de tecidos. A t?cnica de criopreserva??o celular representa uma alternativa vi?vel para a conserva??o dessas c?lulas, j? que cessa reversivelmente, de forma controlada, todas as suas fun??es biol?gicas em uma temperatura ultra-baixa. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, atrav?s de experimentos in vitro, a influ?ncia de um protocolo de criopreserva??o na atividade biol?gica de c?lulas-tronco da polpa de dentes humanos d ec?duos esfoliados (SHED). C?lulas obtidas da polpa de tr?s dentes dec?duos em est?gio final de esfolia??o ou com exodontia indicada foram expandidas em meio de cultivo α-MEM suplementado com antibi?ticos e 15% de soro fetal bovino. No segundo subcultivo (P2), um grupo de c?lulas foi submetido a criopreserva??o por 30 dias em DMSO dilu?do a 10% em soro fetal bovino, a 80?C negativos, enquanto o restante seguiu em condi??es normais de cultivo. A prolifera??o celular em ambos os grupos (criopreservado e n?o criopreservado) foi avaliada atrav?s do m?todo de colora??o por azul de Tripan nos intervalos de 24, 48 e 72 horas ap?s o plaqueamento. Nestes mesmos intervalos foi realizada a an?lise do ciclo celular das SHEDs submetidas ou n?o ao protocolo de criopreserva??o. Os eventos relacionados ? morte celular foram analisados atrav?s da express?o de Anexina V e PI em citometria de fluxo, nos intervalos de 24 e 72 horas. A presen?a de altera??es morfol?gicas nucleares foi avaliada atrav?s da marca??o por DAPI no intervalo de 72 horas. Observou-se que ambos os grupos exibiram uma curva de prolifera??o celular ascendente, sem altera??es consider?veis na viabilidade celular ao longo do experimento. A distribui??o das c?lulas nas fases do ciclo celular foi coerente com c?lulas em prolifera??o nos dois grupos. N?o foram observados danos morfol?gicos nucleares no intervalo final do experimento . Deste modo, conclui-se que o protocolo de criopreserva??o proposto ? eficiente para o armazenamento do tipo celular estudado, permitindo a sua utiliza??o em futuros estudos experimentais

Síndrome de Angelman (AS - MIM 105830) é causada pela ausência de função do gene UBE3A que codifica uma proteína ubiquitina - ligase (E6-AP). Esse gene é expresso bialelicamente em vários tecidos exceto no cérebro, onde a expressão é preferencialmente materna. O RNA anti-senso de UBE3A é considerado o regulador dessa expressão diferencial entre os alelos, e faz parte de um transcrito grande que só o alelo paterno é expresso devido ao imprinting genômico; no cérebro, esse transcrito se entende até a região anti-senso de UBE3A, mas nos demais tecidos o transcrito é menor e não engloba a região anti-senso. Este trabalho visa obter um modelo para estudo da AS. Células-tronco da polpa do dente (SHEDs) de pacientes com deleção do segmento 15q11-q13 ou mutação no gene UBE3A foram caracterizadas e submetidas à diferenciação neuronal. A diferenciação foi analisada através do estudo de RNA e proteínas para marcadores neuronais e, também, por testes funcionais. As SHEDs são células-tronco mesenquimais e constituem uma população heterogênea. Essas células ou algumas dessas células já expressam algumas proteínas neuronais ou de células excitáveis como nestina, β-tubulina III, MAP2 e proteína de canais dependentes de voltagem de sódio e potássio. Um ponto interessante é que as SHEDs apresentam baixa expressão do UBE3A anti-senso e a expressão do UBE3A nas células de pacientes é menor que 50% da expressão encontrada nas células de controles, que pode indicar a ocorrência de expressão preferencial materna desse gene em outros tipos celulares além de neurônios maduros. Quando induzidas à diferenciação neurogênica, a maioria das linhagens controles apresentou aumento da expressão de MAP2 e, principalmente, β-tubulina III; e a maioria das linhagens de pacientes com AS não apresentou aumento notável na expressão dessas proteínas, exceto uma linhagem de paciente que aumentou a expressão de β-tubulina III. As células induzidas à diferenciação apresentaram aumento estatisticamente significativo da condutância de sódio através de canais de sódio dependentes de voltagem. Com a análise de expressão de UBE3A e do UBE3A anti-senso é possível afirmar que a expressão deles não alterou com a diferenciação neuronal. Assim, é possível concluir que as células-tronco da polpa do dente, com o protocolo de diferenciação neurogênica, progrediram na via de diferenciação, mas a maioria das células não atingiu o estágio de maturação necessário para que ocorresse o imprinting do UBE3A ou a via de diferenciação não ia em direção a neurônios que apresentam imprinting do UBE3A. / Angelman syndrome (AS - MIN 105830) is caused by the loss of function of the maternal UBE3A gene, which encodes an ubiquitin protein ligase (E6-AP). UBE3A displays biallelic expression in most of tissues, but maternal predominant expression is observed in the brain. A RNA antisense that is paternally expressed in some regions in the brain is considered to be responsible for this tissue-specific imprinting; UBE3A antisense is part of a large transcript that starts at SNURF-SNRPN gene and is paternally expressed, and in the brain this transcript includes UBE3A antisense region however in other tissues this region is not included. The aim of the present study is to develop a new model for studying AS. Dental pulp stem cells (SHEDs) were characterized and differentiated by an already described protocol. SHEDs intrinsically express some neuronal proteins as nestin, β-tubulin III, MAP2 and voltage-gated sodium channels and potassium channels. Interestingly, SHEDs also present a low expression of UBE3A antisense, and UBE3A expression in cells from patients with AS is lower than 50% of the cells from normal control, so it is possible that preferential maternal expression of this gene might occur in some cells beyond mature neurons. After the neuronal differentiation, most control lineages and one lineage of AS patients had an increase of MAP2 and β-tubulin III expression. Two control lineages and most lineages from AS patients did not have a notable increase of expression of these proteins. Neuronal differentiated cells displayed an increase in conductance through voltage-gated sodium channels. Analysis of UBE3A and UBE3A antisense expression in SHEDs and cells induced to differentiate into neurons indicated no changes in their expression. Thus, after neuronal differentiation induction, dental pulp stem cells progressed through neuronal differentiation pathway. However, most cells did not reach the stage which UBE3A imprinting occurs or the neuronal differentiation is resulting in a cell that do not present UBE3A imprinting.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-21T13:39:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariziatrevizani.pdf: 1220027 bytes, checksum: 70abc77309c910bd7507cd8ebeed0526 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: on 2017-08-24T11:31:11Z (GMT) / Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-24T15:20:42Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-30T14:33:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T14:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A evolução das técnicas de cultura de células levaram à necessidade de eliminar componentes de origem animal, de modo a evitar a contaminação bacteriana, viral ou priônica. As células-tronco da polpa dentária são células-tronco multipotentes que apresentam alta plasticidade, sendo capazes de se diferenciar em linhagens osteogênica, adipogênica e condrogênica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo testar a utilização de peptonas vegetais (ervilha, trigo e soja) nas concentrações de 0,5%; 1% e 5% como possíveis substitutos para 10% de soro bovino fetal (SFB) em cultura de CTs. A proliferação celular foi avaliada pelo método de MTT analisado em espectrofotómetro (VarioSkan). Realizou-se a diferenciação osteogênica e empregou-se a coloração Vermelho de Alizarina para testar o suporte de diferenciação. Medimos a concentração de deposição de cálcio ressuspendendo o conteúdo de Vermelho de Alizarina em solução alcoólica e analisando espectrofotometricamente. O ensaio de MTT e ensaios de diferenciação osteogênica permitiram concluir que a peptona de trigo a 1% foi a mais eficiente nas condições empregadas. A concentração de 5% de todas as peptonas utilizadas foi tóxica. Ao analisar os aminogramas das três peptonas, foi possível inferir que a maior eficiência da peptona de trigo pode estar relacionada à maior proporção de prolina e ácido glutâmico. / The evolution of cell culture techniques led to the necessity of eliminating components with animal origin, in order to prevent bacterial, viral or prionic contamination. Deciduous teeth dental pulp stem cells are multi potent stem cells which present high plasticity, being able to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. The present work aims at testing the utilization of vegetal peptones (pea, wheat and soy) at the concentrations 0.5%; 1%, and 5% as possible substitutes for 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) in SCs culture. Cell proliferation was assayed by the MTT method analyzed on spectrophotometer (VarioSkan). We performed osteogenic differentiation and employed Alizarin Red staining in order to test the differentiation support. We measured the concentration of calcium deposition by ressuspending the alizarin red content in alcoholic solution and by analyzing spectrophotometrically. MTT and osteogenic differentiation essays allowed to conclude that wheat peptone at 1% was the most efficient in the conditions employed. The concentration of 5% of all the peptones utilized was toxic. Upon analyzing the aminograms of the three peptones, it was possible to infer that the higher efficiency of wheat peptone may relate to the greater proportion of proline and glutamic acid.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-09-05T13:24:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 melissamarianagomezvaca.pdf: 1124332 bytes, checksum: 9d1ed8c3594d14657c1d6bae1ec257a2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-09-06T11:31:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 melissamarianagomezvaca.pdf: 1124332 bytes, checksum: 9d1ed8c3594d14657c1d6bae1ec257a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T11:31:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 melissamarianagomezvaca.pdf: 1124332 bytes, checksum: 9d1ed8c3594d14657c1d6bae1ec257a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-07 / O tecido da polpa do dente é uma fonte promissora para a obtenção de células tronco, as Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) e seu posterior uso em terapias regenerativas, por isso torna-se importante saber a melhor idade do doador para seu armazenamento. Desta forma, o presente estudo buscou avaliar a eficiência na obtenção, proliferação, senescência e plasticidade das DPSCs em diferentes faixas etárias. Foram obtidas polpas dentarias de dentes molares extraídos, que compuseram três grupos: GI (18 – 33 anos), GII (34 – 49 anos) e GIII (50 – 67 anos). O isolamento celular foi avaliado através da observação microscópica diária do tecido pulpar e das células provenientes da polpa, por 15 dias. A proliferação celular foi analisada pelo ensaio de MTT nos dias 3, 5 e 7. A senescência das DPSCs foi feita em triplicata com contagem celular a cada 2 dias. A plasticidade celular foi realizada através da indução a diferenciação osteogênica, odontogênica e adipogênica. Os resultados apontaram que a eficiência da obtenção das DPSCs foi maior no GI, com decrescimento progressivo para GII e GIII. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos testados na avaliação da proliferação celular e na senescência. Amostras dos 3 grupos avaliados demostraram ter capacidade de diferenciação celular. Pode-se concluir que a idade foi capaz de influenciar a obtenção de DPSCs, apontando a faixa etária de 18 a 33 anos de idade (GI), como o grupo mais eficiente, já que o 100% das polpas dentarias deram células. Entretanto, ao avaliar a proliferação, senescência e plasticidade celular, todos os grupos se comportaram dentro de um mesmo padrão, sem a interferência da idade do doador. / The pulp tissue of the tooth is a promising source for obtaining stem cells, the Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) and their subsequent use in regenerative therapies, so it becomes important to know the best age of the donor for its storage. In this way, the present study sought to evaluate the efficiency in obtaining, proliferating, senescence and plasticity of DPSCs in different age groups. Dental pulps of extracted molar teeth were obtained, which comprised three groups: GI (18 - 33 years), GII (34 - 49 years) and GIII (50 - 67 years). Cellular isolation was evaluated by daily microscopic observation of pulp tissue and pulp cells for 15 days. Cell proliferation was analyzed by the MTT assay on days 3, 5 and 7. Senescence of the DPSCs was done in triplicate with cell counts every 2 days. Cellular plasticity was achieved through the induction of osteogenic, odontogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The results showed that the efficiency of obtaining DPSCs was higher in the GI, with progressive decrease for GII and GIII. There was no statistical difference between the groups tested in the evaluation of cell proliferation and senescence. Samples of the 3 groups evaluated showed to be cell differentiation capacity. It can be concluded that age was able to influence the achievement of DPSCs, pointing to the age group of 18 to 33 years of age (GI), as the most efficient group, since 100% of the pulps gave cells. However, when evaluating cell proliferation, senescence and plasticity, all groups behaved within the same pattern, without interference from donor age.

The aim of this dissertation study was to optimize the isolation and long term cultivation protocols for human dental pulp stem cells. The protocols which showed best results were used for cultivation of dental pulp stem cell isolated from exfoliated teeth (SHED). Additional aims were to characterize DPSC and SHED and prove their ability to proliferate over Hayflick's limit and differentiate into mature cell lines (osteoblasts, chondroblasts and adipocytes). In order to find optimal protocols for isolation of dental pulp from tooth, we tried three different approaches. During optimization of cultivation protocol we focused on decreasing amount of fetal calf serum (FCS) from 10 % FCS in cultivation media (most often used in literature) into 2 % and thus get closer to cultivation conditions suitable for clinical usage. We compared DPSC cultivated in three different media (medium with 10 % FCS, 2 % FCS supplemented with growth factors and media with 2 % FCS supplemented with ITS and growth factors). For characterization of DPSC and SHED we used basic biological properties (proliferation activity, viability, morphology), their phenotype and karyotype. The study demonstrated that the best protocol for isolation of dental pulp from tooth was to break the roots and extract the pulp throw this aperture. We...

We isolated and expanded stem cells from dental pulp from extracted third molars using an innovative culture method consisting of low serum-containing medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor BB. We evaluated the differentiation potential of these cells when they were growing either adherently or as micromass/spheroid cultures in various media. Undifferentiated and differentiated cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting. The flow cytometry results showed that the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were positive for mesenchymal stromal cell markers, but negative for hematopoietic markers. Immunocytochemical and/or immunoblotting analyses revealed the expression of numerous stem cell markers, including nanog, Sox2, nestin, Musashi-1 and nucleostemin, whereas they were negative for markers associated with differentiated neural, vascular and hepatic cells. Surprisingly, the cells were only slightly positive for α-smooth muscle actin, and a heterogeneous expression of CD146 was observed. When cultured in osteogenic media, they expressed osteonectin, osteopontin and procollagen I, and in micromass cultures, they produced collagen I. DPSCs cultured in TGF-β1/3-supplemented media produced extracellular matrix typical of cartilaginous tissue. The addition of vascular endothelial growth factor to serum-free media resulted in the expression of endothelial markers. Interestingly, when cultured in neurogenic media, DPSCs exhibited de novo or upregulated markers of undifferentiated and differentiated neural cells. Collectively, our data show that DPSCs are self-renewing and able to express markers of bone, cartilage, vascular and neural tissues, suggesting their multipotential capacity. Their easy accessibility makes these cells a suitable source of somatic stem cells for tissue engineering. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The effects of hydroxyapatite in a DAP-loaded MC carrier on dental pulp stem cells Introduction: Regenerative endodontic procedures (REP) require disinfection techniques to eliminate bacteria from the infected immature root canal system and promote new growth of the pulp-dentin complex. Double antibiotic paste (DAP), a mixture of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, has shown efficacy in doing so while minimizing cytotoxicity on dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Stem cells, scaffolding, and growth factors are necessary in the maturation, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into the root canal system. Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) has a history of biocompatibility and, in addition, has shown promising effects as a tissue bioengineering material. Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the proliferation and mineralization of DPSC in the presence of 1% DAP and methylcellulose (MC) with varying concentrations of nano-hydroxyapatite. Materials and Methods: DPSC were plated in 24-well plates containing culture media. The next day, semi-permeable 0.1 mm Transwell chambers were inserted into the wells to separate the reservoirs for medicaments. Treatment paste composed of methylcellulose containing 1% DAP with either 0.25%, 0.50%, or 1.0% nano-hydroxyapatite was added along with culture media. Methylcellulose alone and calcium hydroxide (Ultracal) were used as control groups. After 3 days, cells were evaluated for cytotoxic effects using an MTS proliferation assay (n = 10, in triplicate). DPSCs were also cultured with these medicaments for 7 days in osteogenic media and evaluated for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization activity (n = 13, in triplicate). Comparisons between groups for differences in mineralization, BSA, and ALP activity were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), with different variances allowed for each group and a random effect included in the model to account for correlation within each of the three trials. A simulation-based model was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. Results: Addition of n-HA treatment groups increased mineralization significantly greater than calcium hydroxide, with MC alone and MC+DAP+0.5% HA providing the greatest effect. Regarding ALP, all HA concentrations performed significantly greater than MC and DAP concentrations. Proliferation demonstrated similar metabolic activity in all experimental groups with few comparisons significant. Conclusion: The challenge in REPs is to maintain survival, and preferably promote the proliferation and development of DPSCs into the pulp-dentin complex with a consistent treatment outcome. The combination of DAP with hydroxyapatite may allow for both disinfection and improved mineralization and cellular differentiation. This contribution has shown significant ability to increase stem cell differentiation into an osteogenic lineage as well as calcium deposition, indicating end goal results of regenerative procedures.

A terapia de fotobiomodulação (PBMT do inglês photobiomodulation therapy) exerce efeitos benéficos em processos relevantes para a regeneração tecidual. A técnica de membranas celulares (CSs; cell sheets) pode gerar grande quantidade de células organizadas em uma matriz extracelular (MEC) produzida por essas células. A constituição de MEC das CSs pode ser de importância para a regeneração de tecidos. O colágeno tipo I, a fibronectina e a tenascina são proteínas da MEC já detectadas em CSs de células-tronco da polpa dentária humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos de diferentes parâmetros de PBMT sobre a arquitetura (histologia), composição proteica (Western blotting e imunoistoquímica) e ultraestrutura (MEV e MET) da MEC de CSs de células-tronco da polpa dental humana. As células-tronco foram descongeladas e recaracterizadas através da análise de seu perfil imunofenotípico avaliado pela expressão de moléculas de superfície utilizando citometria de fluxo para marcadores associados a células-tronco mesenquimais (MSC do inglês mesenchymal stem cells; CD105, CD146 e CD44) e não associados (CD45, CD34 e CD14). As CSs foram formadas em placas de cultivo celular após 15 dias em cultura em meio clonogênico suplementado com vitamina C (20 ?g/ml). As culturas celulares foram alocadas em 3 grupos experimentais diferentes, como segue: Controle: nenhum tratamento adicional; PBMT1 e PBMT2. A PBMT foi realizada com um laser diodo vermelho contínuo, aplicando-se os seguintes parâmetros gerais: 660nm, 20mW, 0,028cm2 e 0,71W/cm2. Os parâmetros do PBMT1 foram: 4s, 3J/cm2 e 0,08J por ponto, e o PBMT2: 7s, 5J/cm2 e 0,14J por ponto. As irradiações foram realizadas em dias alternados durante todo o período do experimento, em modo pontual (5 pontos / poço ou 13 por placas de 100 mm de diâmetro) em contato com a base da placa. Após a formação das CSs, 15 dias após o plaqueamento, estas foram submetidas a análises histológica, imunoistoquímica, Western blotting, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e de varredura. Comparações estatísticas foram realizadas (p <0,05). As células apresentaram perfil imunofenotípico clássico de MSCs, mostrando a expressão de marcadores associados a MSCs, enquanto a expressão dos marcadores não associados a MSCs estavam ausentes. O colágeno tipo I, colágeno tipo III e fibronectina estavam presentes no MEC das CSs. Western blotting revelou maior síntese de fibronectina nas CSs submetidas ao PBMT1. A ultraestrutura geral dos CSs foi diversa nos 3 grupos experimentais. As CSs do grupo PBMT1 apresentaram aspecto epitelióide, enquanto no grupo PBMT2 as CSs apresentaram células isoladas e fusiformes dispostas em feixes unidirecionais. MET identificou uma MEC mais madura e sinais de apoptose nos grupos submetidos à PBMT. A PBMT influenciou a composição e ultraestrutura da MEC de CSs de células-tronco da polpa dentária. Assim, a PBMT pode ser importante na determinação da qualidade mecânica das CSs, o que pode favorecer a terapia celular, facilitando o transplante das células-tronco. / Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) improves processes relevant to tissue regeneration. The technique of cell sheets (CSs) can generate large amount of cells organized in an extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by these cells. The constitution of the ECM of CSs could be of importance for tissue regeneration. Type I collagen, fibronectin and tenascin are ECM proteins already detected in CSs of human dental pulp stem cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different PBMT parameters on the architecture (histology), protein composition (Western blotting and immunohistochemistry) and ultrastructure (SEM and MET) of the MEC of CSs of human dental pulp stem cells. Dental pulp stem cells were thawed and recharacterized by the expression profile of the surface molecules using flow cytometry for mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) -associated (CD105, CD146 and CD44,) and non associated (CD45, CD34 and CD14) markers. The CSs were formed in cell culture plates after 15 days in culture in clonogenic medium supplemented with vitamin C (20 ?g/ml). The cell cultures were allocated in 3 different experimental groups, as follows: Control: no further treatment; PBMT1 and PBMT2. PBMT was performed with CW red diode laser applying the following general parameters: 660nm, 20mW, 0.028cm2 spot size and 0.71W/cm2. The PBMT1 parameters were: 4s, 3J/cm2 and 0.08J per point, and the PBMT2: 7s, 5J/cm2, and 0.14J per point. The irradiations were done on alternate days throughout the experimental time, in a punctual mode (5 points/well or 13 points/100mm-diameter dishes) in contact at the base of the plate. After the CSs formation, 15 days after plating, they were submitted to histology, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Statistical comparisons were performed (p<0.05). The cells presented the classical immunoprofile of MSCs showing the expression of MSCs-associated markers, whereas the expression of the MSCs non-associated markers were absent. The type I collagen, type III collagen and fibronectin were present in the MEC of the CSs. Western blotting revealed a higher amount of fibronectin in the CSs submitted to PBMT1. The overall ultrastructure of the CSs was diverse in the 3 experimental groups. PBMT1 leads to epithelial-like CS, whereas the PBMT2 leads to a CSs with isolated fusiform cells arranged in unidirectional bundles. MET identified a more mature ECM and signs of apoptosis in the PBMT groups. PBMT may influence the composition and ultrastructure of the ECM of CSs of dental pulp stem cells. Thus, PBMT could be of importance in the determination of the mechanical quality of CSs, which may favor cell therapy by improving the CS transplantation approach.

As células-tronco mesenquimais (MSCs) são células multipotentes que tem o potencial de se diferenciarem em várias linhagens celulares in vitro e in vivo. Estas são encontradas em nichos específicos em muitos órgãos e tecidos adultos, tais como medula óssea, tecido adiposo, músculo, dente, cordão umbilical, pele, cartilagem articular, sendo facilmente isoladas, expandidas e com alta capacidade proliferativa in vitro. Assim, estas características têm despertado grande interesse na sua utilização como uma potencial fonte de células para o reparo e regeneração tecidual de diversos órgãos e tecidos. Pouco se conhece sobre as moléculas que são secretadas pelas MSCs para a matriz extracelular (MEC) e que estão na interface célula-matriz e estão presentes em vias de transdução de sinais intracelulares. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil de expressão gênica de enzimas que remodelam a MEC (metaloproteinases de matriz MMPs: 15 membros) e seus inibidores (inibidores teciduais das metaloproteinases de matriz TIMPs: 4 membros e RECK) e proteína da membrana plasmática (Caveolina-1) durante a diferenciação osteogenica in vitro a partir de células-tronco mesenquimais da polpa dentária humana (DPSCs). Para tanto, utilizamos polpas dentárias humanas provenientes de terceiros molares de indivíduos adultos (18-32 anos n=3) e as DPSCs isoladas foram imunofenotipadas por citometria de fluxo, avaliada a taxa de proliferação, induzidas as diferenciações osteogênica (1, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias) e adipogênica (28 dias) e os transcritos avaliados por PCR em tempo real. Estas células foram positivas para o marcadores CD29, CD105, STRO-1, CD44, CD90 negativas os marcadores para CD31, CD45, CD34 e CD14 e são capazes de se diferenciarem em osteoblastos e adipócitos. Verificamos que as MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-13, MMP-14, MMP-25, TIMP-3, TIMP-4 e Caveolina-1 foram diferencialmente expressas durante a diferenciação osteogênica, sendo reguladas positivamente apenas no período de 28 dias pós indução e a TIMP-1 regulada positivamente desde o primeiro dia de indução. A MMP-11 e MMP-16 não foram detectadas nas DPSCs e nem durante a diferenciação osteogênica. Desta forma, concluímos que MMPs encontradas bem como a Caveolina-1 e as TIMP-3 e TIMP-4 podem estar participando dos dos eventos de diferenciação óssea em DPSCs, a TIMP-1 pode estar participando de eventos biológicos relacionados as propriedades do estado indiferenciado das DPSCs e da diferenciação óssea e que as MMP-11 e MMP-16 não são expressas pelas DPSCs e também não estão envolvidas na diferenciação osteogênica. / Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that have the potential to differentiate into various cell lineages in vitro and in vivo. These are found in specific niches in many adult organs and tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, muscle, tooth, umbilical cord, skin, cartilage, being easily isolated, expanded and high proliferative capacity in vitro. Thereby, these features have attracted great interest in its use as a potential source of cells for tissue repair and regeneration of various organs and tissues. Little is known about the molecules secreted by MSCs into the extracellular matrix (ECM), present at cell-matrix interface and present on intracellular signal transduction. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate gene expression profile of ECM remodeling enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases MMPs: 15 members) and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases TIMPs: 4 members and RECK) and plasma membrane proteins (Caveolin-1) that participate in signaling pathways during osteogenic differentiation in vitro from human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Normal human impacted third molars were collected from adults (18-32 years-old n=3) and DPSCs isolated were immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, evaluated the proliferation ratio, induced to osteogenic (1, 7, 14, 21 and 28-days) and adipogenic differentiation (28-days) and the transcript levels evaluated by Real Time PCR. These cells are positive for CD29, CD105, STRO -1, CD44, and CD90 markers and negative for CD31, CD45, CD34, and CD14 markers and are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts and adipocytes. We found that MMP- 2, MMP -3, MMP -13, MMP -14, MMP -25, TIMP-3, TIMP-4 and Caveolin-1 were differentially expressed during osteogenic differentiation, being upregulated only at 28 days post-induction and TIMP-1 upregulated from the first day of induction. MMP-11 and MMP-16 were not detected in DPSCs neither during differentiation. Thus, we conclude that MMPs, Caveolin-1 found as well as TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 may be participating in the event of bone differentiation in DPSCs, TIMP-1 may participate in biological events related to the properties of the undifferentiated state DPSCs and osteogenic differentiation, MMP-11 and MMP-16 are not also expressed by DPSCs and are not involved in osteogenic differentiation.