A maturidade da área de Interação Humano-Computador (IHC) pode ser atestada pela grande quantidade de conjuntos formados por regras, diretrizes e normas (aqui designados como diretivas) que têm sido formulados por dezenas de autores como guias para o estudo, criação e melhoria de interfaces de usuário. No entanto, esses conjuntos apresentam diferenças significativas entre si: muitas dessas diretivas, incluindo algumas já consagradas no universo da IHC, não pertencem ao mesmo nível de abstração nem formam um conjunto homogêneo de enunciados. Essa falta de unidade, aliada à acelerada evolução das tecnologias digitais, tem contribuído para manter essas diretivas (e a própria disciplina de IHC, segundo alguns) em um estado constante de fragmentação e permanente modificação. Mesmo assim, podem ser encontrados princípios — ou leis essenciais, universais e imutáveis — que são subjacentes às diretivas e que podem delas ser extraídos através de uma metodologia adequada. Para contribuir com esse processo, a presente pesquisa apresenta uma revisão dos critérios utilizados para a compilação de conjuntos de diretivas de usabilidade, além de um método de três etapas para a redução progressiva de um número significativo de diretivas a uma lista simples de princípios de usabilidade. Os resultados deste trabalho incluem um modelo metodológico e um conjunto de sete princípios que podem ser utilizados para a pesquisa a e prática da Interação Humano-Computador. / The maturity of the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) field can be attested by the large number of existing sets of rules, guidelines and standards (called directives herein) that have been formulated by dozens of authors as guidelines for the study, design and improvement of user interfaces. Still, these sets present significant differences among themselves: many of these directives, including some already established in the realm of HCI, do not belong to the same level of abstraction and do not constitute a homogeneous set of statements. This lack of unity, coupled with the rapid evolution of digital technologies, has contributed to maintain these directives (and, according to some, the very discipline of HCI) in a constant state of fragmentation and perpetual change. Even so, it is possible to find among them certain principles — i.e., essential laws that are universal and immutable — which underlie these directives and can be extracted from them using an appropriate methodology. To contribute to this process, this research presents a review of the criteria used to compile these sets of usability directives and a three-step method for the progressive reduction of a significant number of directives to a simple list of usability principles. The results include a methodological framework and seven principles that can be used for the research and practice of Human-Computer Interaction.

A maturidade da área de Interação Humano-Computador (IHC) pode ser atestada pela grande quantidade de conjuntos formados por regras, diretrizes e normas (aqui designados como diretivas) que têm sido formulados por dezenas de autores como guias para o estudo, criação e melhoria de interfaces de usuário. No entanto, esses conjuntos apresentam diferenças significativas entre si: muitas dessas diretivas, incluindo algumas já consagradas no universo da IHC, não pertencem ao mesmo nível de abstração nem formam um conjunto homogêneo de enunciados. Essa falta de unidade, aliada à acelerada evolução das tecnologias digitais, tem contribuído para manter essas diretivas (e a própria disciplina de IHC, segundo alguns) em um estado constante de fragmentação e permanente modificação. Mesmo assim, podem ser encontrados princípios — ou leis essenciais, universais e imutáveis — que são subjacentes às diretivas e que podem delas ser extraídos através de uma metodologia adequada. Para contribuir com esse processo, a presente pesquisa apresenta uma revisão dos critérios utilizados para a compilação de conjuntos de diretivas de usabilidade, além de um método de três etapas para a redução progressiva de um número significativo de diretivas a uma lista simples de princípios de usabilidade. Os resultados deste trabalho incluem um modelo metodológico e um conjunto de sete princípios que podem ser utilizados para a pesquisa a e prática da Interação Humano-Computador. / The maturity of the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) field can be attested by the large number of existing sets of rules, guidelines and standards (called directives herein) that have been formulated by dozens of authors as guidelines for the study, design and improvement of user interfaces. Still, these sets present significant differences among themselves: many of these directives, including some already established in the realm of HCI, do not belong to the same level of abstraction and do not constitute a homogeneous set of statements. This lack of unity, coupled with the rapid evolution of digital technologies, has contributed to maintain these directives (and, according to some, the very discipline of HCI) in a constant state of fragmentation and perpetual change. Even so, it is possible to find among them certain principles — i.e., essential laws that are universal and immutable — which underlie these directives and can be extracted from them using an appropriate methodology. To contribute to this process, this research presents a review of the criteria used to compile these sets of usability directives and a three-step method for the progressive reduction of a significant number of directives to a simple list of usability principles. The results include a methodological framework and seven principles that can be used for the research and practice of Human-Computer Interaction.

Volvo Construction Equipment is considering applying modular design to their organisation in order to constrain the growing intangible information and parts assortment within the company, and as well to enable a rearrangement of production, sales and logistics in the near future of organisational growth and industrial footprint. Hence the purpose of this thesis is to investigate the opportunities and threats of implementing modular design to Volvo Construction Equipment. The analysis is scoped on the generic aspects of modularity and the organisational weaknesses within Volvo CE towards implementing a new organisational structure, product design and production with modular design. Modularity enables the company to move towards decupling the constraints of tangible sales and provides an opportunity to offer Product Service Systems as a Total Solution for each individual customer. By implementing the authors common knowledge and education within engineering revolving tangible and intangible products and services alongside with innovation, together with informal interviews of stakeholders, the results of the thesis was reached. The analysis of the results was reached by implementing Design Research Methodology to the structure of the thesis, research method and interviews made. There is a distinct opportunity for Volvo CE to implement modular design since the informational flows, innovation, research and development is enhanced by a correct modular design. Although there is a distinct risk in changing a well-established product design, development process and organisational structure, the opportunities to create a product service system strategy and to re harvest and recycle value within the company with modularity outweigh the risk. Incomprehension of how to optimize a modular design may amplify the reasons why Volvo CE is considering revising their products and organisation with modularity, thus the authors recommend implementing a generic and specific education in modularity within Volvo CE to ensure a shared language of modularity and enhance traceability of the development within the company. In order to enhance the organisational velocity around development, the authors also recommend a new computer environment which enables the different disciplines of engineering and marketing to modularise the product, services and processes while keeping the comprehension of the subject close to hand. This enables the organisational structure to change and improve towards modular deployment and to further accelerate Volvo CE’s growth, market share and revenue. / Volvo Construction Equipment överväger att tillämpa en modulär design till sin organisation i syfte att begränsa den växande immateriella information och det växande sortiment av delar inom företaget som finns idag. Volvo ser även till möjligheterna med modulär design för att möjliggöra en omflyttning av produktion, försäljning och logistik inom den närmaste framtiden för organisatorisk tillväxt och för att minska det industriella fotavtrycket. Därav syftet med denna uppsats; att undersöka möjligheter och hot för att genomföra modulär design i Volvo Construction Equipment. Analysen är fokuserad på generiska aspekter på modularitet och organisatoriska svagheter inom Volvo CE mot att genomföra en ny organisationsstruktur, produktdesign och produktion med modulär design. Modularitet möjliggör för företaget att gå mot att minska begränsningen av materiell försäljning och ger en möjlighet att erbjuda system med Product och Service lösningar som en helhetslösning för varje enskild kund. Genom att implementera författarnas gemensamma kunskap och utbildning inom teknik roterande kring materiella och immateriella produkter samt tjänster tillsammans med innovation, och med informella intervjuer av intressenter, har resultaten i denna avhandling uppnåtts. Analysen av resultaten uppnåddes genom att implementera metodiken Design Research Methodology till strukturen, forskningsmetod och gjorda intervjuer i avhandlingen. Det finns en tydlig möjlighet för Volvo CE att genomföra modulär design eftersom de informativa flöden, innovation, forskning och utveckling förstärks av en korrekt modulär design. Även om det finns en klar risk i att ändra en väletablerad produkts design, utveckling process och organisations struktur, är möjligheterna i att skapa en produkt strategi med servicesystem och att återvinna återvinna värde i företaget med modularitet väl värt risken. Oförståelse för hur man optimerar en modulär design kan innebära ytterligare risker och förklarar varför Volvo CE överväger revidera sina produkter och organisation med en ny design, och då kanske en modulär struktur. Detta har lett till att författarna rekommenderar att genomföra en allmän och specifik utbildning i modularitet inom Volvo CE för att säkerställa ett gemensamt språk för modularitet och öka spårbarheten av utvecklingen inom företaget. För att öka den organisatoriska hastigheten kring utveckling, rekommenderar författarna också en ny datormiljö som gör att de olika disciplinerna i teknik och marknadsföring ligger närmre till hands för att modularisera produkter, tjänster och processer samtidigt som förståelsen av ämnet blir enklare att uppnå. Detta maximerar effektiviteten i den organisatoriska strukturen för att förändra och förbättra mot en modulär utbyggnad och att ytterligare påskynda Volvo CE : s tillväxt , marknadsandelar och intäkter

The emergence of augmented reality (AR) and gamification in higher education has gained significant relevance by virtue of their demonstrated usefulness in learning spaces. Prior research has examined these technologies separately and shown promising results, but less is known about the impact of combining AR and gamification in higher education. This article aims to conceptualize, design, and evaluate the effects of AR and gamification on students’ intrinsic motivation and learning with physical course literature. The results from a web - based experiment involving 95 students demonstrate that using AR enhances students’ intrinsic motivation compared to conventional methods such as reading lecture notes. However, the combination of AR and gamification did not influence students’ intrinsic motivation or learning. The findings could serve as a basis to further gamification in higher education and may support authors in the design of AR in future course literature. / Framväxten av förstärkt verklighet och gamification inom högre utbildning har fått betydande relevans på grund av dess beprövade användbarhet i lärandemiljöer. Tidigare forskning har undersökt dessa tekniker separat vilket visat lovande resultat, däremot vet man mindre om effekten av att kombinera förstärkt verklighet med spelifiering i högre utbildning. Denna artikel syftar till att konceptualisera, designa och utvärdera effekterna av förstärkt verklighet och spelifiering på studenters intrinsiska motivation och lärande vid användning av kurslitteratur. Resultaten från ett webbaserat experiment med 95 studenter visar att användningen av förstärkt verklighet ökar studenternas intrinsiska motivation i jämförelse med förekommande arbetssätt som digitalt föreläsningsmaterial. Kombinationen av förstärkt verklighet och spelifiering visade ingen effekt på studenternas intrinsiska motivation eller lärande. Resultaten kan utgöra grund för ytterligare forskning om spelifiering i högre utbildning och stödja författare vid utformningen av förstärkt verklighet i framtida kurslitteratur.

There is a current rising trend of using voice assistants (VAs) to perform tasks in new ways, and various companies are considering introducing them as part of their service propositions. One such company is the railway service provider SJ AB that is interested in understanding how a VA may benefit their passengers. To better understand the utility of a VA in the railway service context, this thesis aims to explore the value creation opportunities that the introduction of such a technology presents. This exploration is done through identifying the potential functionality of such a VA, what value that functionality can create for passengers, and what barriers exist for creating that value. This identification is done through a user-centred research process, during which design probes and experience prototyping were carried out with railway passengers and analysed through qualitative content analysis. The results show that a VA presents fast, convenient, and intuitive access to a wide set of functions but is hindered by its invisible affordances and the user’s preconceptions. It shares several functions with existing channels, presented in a new way, that span the entire course of the train journey. The functionality and the identified functions primarily create utilitarian values, which connects to the passenger’s pragmatic view of the service. Furthermore, the passengers perceived the VA as an agent able to take over responsibilities and tasks from the passenger, resulting in a peace of mind but also a diminished sense of control. Finally, the railway service context affected what functionality is suitable, what values can be created and what barriers need to be considered. Some of the value creation possibilities and barriers are also contemporary and might change with shifting social norms and further technological development.

H2 Green Steel AB was founded in 2020 to build a large-scale green steel factory in Boden, Norrbotten, Sweden. The factory consists of green hydrogen production, iron production and steel production. In 2030, the factory’s annual steel production will be 5 million tonnes annually. The objective of the thesis was to build a concept to improve a recommendation for a Hydrogenproduction site in an early stage of engineering. It included improving the understanding and basis for three criteria. The first criteria consisted of technical and customer requirements, seeing the requirements for the specific application of hydrogen as the critical factor. The second criteria consisted of further investigating how existing interfaces and utilities can be used in hydrogen production and building the basis for qualification. The third criteria consisted of adapting the concept to existing internal design tools by building it forward compatible. The thesis was initiated by bench-marking possible activities related to the recommendation acting as technical support and extensions to existing solutions. The research approach used was Design Research Methodology (DRM), held as the framework for execution. The result from the thesis delivers a database model built upon three linked packages providing a methodology of increased technical information, forward compatibility and a modular approach for design.

Der vorliegend Band 14 der Reihe Technisches Design schlägt nach Tagungsbänden und Dissertationsschriften – dem Charakter nach eher abgeschlossene Werke – eine Brücke in die Zukunft der Forschung im Technischen Design, indem es die Textfassungen von acht Beiträgen des ersten öffentlichen Kolloquiums Technisches Design vom September 2020 beinhaltet, die allesamt aus dem Prozess laufender Promotionsvorhaben verfasst wurden. Diese acht Arbeiten stehen damit auch stellvertretend für ganz individuelle Forschungsperspektiven und Schwerpunktsetzungen innerhalb des weiten Möglichkeitsraums aktueller Designforschung. Die Design-Promovierenden stellen ihre jeweiligen aktuellen Stände und besonderen Aspekte ihrer Forschungsarbeiten zur Diskussion und erlauben damit einen Einblick in verschiedenste Phasen ebenso wie sichere und noch offene Passagen ihrer Auseinandersetzung. Die Bandbreite reicht von ausgearbeiteten Exposees der Promotionsvorhaben über die Ergebnisse systematischer Literaturanalysen bis hin zur Darstellung konkreter Untersuchungsplanungen. Alle Beiträge eint die Auseinandersetzung mit dem menschlichen Erleben und Interagieren mit gestalteten Artefakten. Innerhalb dieses Felds decken die Artefakte ein sehr breites Spektrum von nachhaltigen Materialien oder Fertigungsverfahren über vorwettbewerbliche Technologiedemonstratoren bis hin zu kollaborativen Arbeitsplätzen ab. Innerhalb der Arbeiten werden Bezüge und Fragestellungen zu Menschen und Umgebungen in interdisziplinären Entwicklungsprozessen sowie zur Beurteilung und Kommunikation von Neuem durch Expert:innen und Laien entwickelt. Mit der Bandbreite dieser acht Beiträge wird das thematische Spektrum von Promotionsvorhaben an der Professur für Technisches Design gut ausgeleuchtet und entsprechend stolz sind wir auf diesen ersten Band, der ausschließlich Arbeiten unserer Promovend:innen zeigt. Band 14 der Reihe Technisches Design gibt einen aktuellen Einblick in die Forschung an einer der größeren Designforschungseinrichtungen im deutschsprachigen Raum und lässt Sie teilhaben an empirischer Forschung zur erlebenszentrierten Entwicklung vielfältiger Mensch-Technik-Interaktion.

Das klassische Arbeiten in Unternehmen unterliegt einer Transformation – dies ist seit der im Frühjahr 2020 in Deutschland angekommenen Corona-Pandemie für die breite Bevölkerung spürbar. Aus einer oftmals vorhandenen Möglichkeit des Arbeitens von Zuhause wird plötzlich eine verbindliche Phase des Rückzugs ins Homeoffice. Aus dieser Situation heraus stellt sich vermehrt die Frage, wie sich diese Lage während und nach der Pandemie weiter entwickeln wird. Um die Innovationskraft in Unternehmen zu erhalten und zu steigern, ist eine effiziente Zusammenarbeit unterschiedlicher Disziplinen essentiell. Das im folgenden Artikel vorgestellte Forschungsvorhaben entsteht im Rahmen des globalen Innovationsmanagements der Robert Bosch GmbH am Campus für Forschung und Vorausentwicklung in Renningen. Ziel ist die Übersetzung eines regulären Coworking Space in einen sogenannten Corporate Coworking Space innerhalb eines Unternehmens. Durch eine ganzheitliche Gestaltung und Bewertung soll aufgezeigt werden, ob ein solches Vorhaben die disziplinübergreifende Zusammenarbeit unterstützen kann.

With the introduction of the Tactile Internet, the vision of democratising the access to skills and expertise for everyone is closer to realisation than ever before. Enabling humans to interact with cooperative product-service systems through technologies such as wearables, exo-skeletons or other IoT devices inhibits a potential of disruptive innovations to significantly change our everyday lives. Therefore, in order to create out of this technological advantages meaningful applications for society in general a shift in academic research is required away from purely technology-oriented to socio-economic solutions (Mazzucato, 2018).

Das klassische Arbeiten in Unternehmen unterliegt einer Transformation – dies ist seit der im Frühjahr 2020 in Deutschland angekommenen Corona-Pandemie für die breite Bevölkerung spürbar. Aus einer oftmals vorhandenen Möglichkeit des Arbeitens von Zuhause wird plötzlich eine verbindliche Phase des Rückzugs ins Homeoffice. Aus dieser Situation heraus stellt sich vermehrt die Frage, wie sich diese Lage während und nach der Pandemie weiter entwickeln wird. Um die Innovationskraft in Unternehmen zu erhalten und zu steigern, ist eine effiziente Zusammenarbeit unterschiedlicher Disziplinen essentiell. Das im folgenden Artikel vorgestellte Forschungsvorhaben entsteht im Rahmen des globalen Innovationsmanagements der Robert Bosch GmbH am Campus für Forschung und Vorausentwicklung in Renningen. Ziel ist die Übersetzung eines regulären Coworking Space in einen sogenannten Corporate Coworking Space innerhalb eines Unternehmens. Durch eine ganzheitliche Gestaltung und Bewertung soll aufgezeigt werden, ob ein solches Vorhaben die disziplinübergreifende Zusammenarbeit unterstützen kann.