No contexto industrial atual, verifica-se que as organizações empresariais vêm buscando atualização na utilização de métodos e técnicas para o desenvolvimento de produtos. A busca incessante por tal atualização tem se justificado nos últimos anos em função da globalização da economia, na qual as empresas veem-se imersas em um cenário de alta demanda por qualidade, menor preço, menores prazos de lançamento do produto no mercado e menor permissibilidade na ocorrência de erros, fatores estes diretamente responsáveis por seus índices de competitividade. Este trabalho visa aplicar a metodologia denominada Design for Assembly (DFA) como ferramenta de auxílio no desenvolvimento do projeto conceitual de um dispositivo funcional, com o objetivo de comprovar a eficácia de tal teoria em projetos industriais. Tal metodologia é utilizada no desenvolvimento de produtos, tanto em situações de inovação quanto em situações de re-design, visando facilitar as atividades dos operadores durante a montagem de um determinado produto. Através da simplificação da estrutura do projeto, eliminando componentes desnecessários, integrando partes e reduzindo o número de sistemas de junção, obteve-se, uma redução no número de peças, na massa e nas dimensões do dispositivo, causando, por consequência, um impacto nos custos de fabricação. / In the present industrial context, it is verified that business organizations are seeking for updates in the use of methods and techniques for the development of products. The continual search for updating has been justified lately because of the globalization of the economy, in which context the companies are located that requires a higher demand for quality, low cost, shorter periods for launching a product in the market and few possibilities of errors, factors which are directly responsible for their rates of competitiveness. This project aims to apply the methodology called Design for Assembly (DFA) as a helping tool in developing the conceptual project of a functional device, with the objective of proving the efficiency of this theory in industrial projects. This methodology is used in the development of products, both in situations of innovation as well as of re-designing, aiming at making the operators'duties easier when they assembly a product. Through the simplification of the project's structure by the elimination of unnecessary components, the integration of pieces and the reduction in the number of junction systems, was obtained a reduction in the number of pieces, in the mass and in the device dimentions, thus causing an impact on the production costs.

A multiple baseline across participants design was used to examine the impact of Universal Design for Learning (UDL), implemented as a total framework, on the academic engagement of middle school students with emotional or behavioral disorders (EBD), and students who are at-risk for academic failure due to behavior problems, who are included in general education classes. Five teachers from two middle schools participated in professional development on UDL and UDL lesson plan design and then implemented UDL lessons in their classes. Data were collected on the fidelity of UDL implementation, student academic engagement during lesson plan implementation, and teacher acceptability of UDL. Results from implementation fidelity data indicated that after professional development on UDL, the teachers designed and implemented UDL lessons with limited fidelity. Results from student engagement data indicated that brief and limited exposure to UDL is insufficient to produce measureable improvements in student engagement, although increased interest and involvement was noted during specific types of UDL-related learning activities. Results from the teacher acceptability survey indicated that the teachers found UDL to be an acceptable treatment for improving engagement, but they were somewhat uncomfortable with a student-centered classroom and thought UDL was time consuming to implement.

This study measured postsecondary faculty attitudes toward academic accommodations and an inclusive teaching method called Universal Design for Instruction (UDI). The purpose of the study was to help determine a readiness for change among faculty with regard to implementing UDI principles, compare differences between faculty groups, as well as add to the postsecondary UDI research agenda. UDI requires faculty instructional design and has the potential to reduce the need for individualized academic accommodations and increase the retention and graduation rates of students with disabilities. The study included an online survey e-mailed to 1,621 faculty at Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC). Independent variables included: amount of teaching experience, teaching status (i.e., full-time, part-time), academic discipline, and amount of prior disability-related training. Results showed significant differences among faculty based upon amount of teaching experience, prior disability-related training, and academic discipline. Generally, faculty with more teaching experience and prior disability-related training had more favorable attitudes toward accommodations and UDI concepts. Faculty in the colleges of Applied Sciences and Arts (ASA), Education, and Mass Communication and Media Arts had more favorable attitudes toward multiple means of presentation than the colleges of Science and Liberal Arts. Faculty in the college of Education had more favorable attitudes toward providing accommodations than the college of ASA. The study effectively started a dialogue with SIUC faculty on their willingness to use UDI principles. Overall, faculty reported mostly positive attitudes toward UDI concepts and traditional academic accommodations. Results could be utilized when proceeding with targeted training for faculty on UDI in postsecondary settings.

xvi, 216 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The primary purpose of this study was to design and validate a measure of teacher knowledge of Universal Design for Assessment (TK-UDA). Guided by a validity framework, a number of inferences, assumptions, and evidences supported this investigation. By addressing a series of research questions, evidence was garnered for the use of the measure to describe what teachers know about assessment accessibility issues through their application of seven UDA principles. The investigation used research designs and sampling procedures specific to each research question. The TK-UDA was designed to capture depth of knowledge, from background to declarative to applied, through a variety of item types. Internal, external, and teacher reviews provided evidence to support the content validity of the measure, and, based on the feedback from these reviews, the measure was revised to improve content and clarity. The measure was then implemented online; a purposeful sample of experts and inservice and preservice teachers was invited to participate in the study. It was anticipated that these participants would represent a range of knowledge of UDA. Following measure implementation, analyses were conducted to evaluate whether performance on items accurately reflected a continuum of teacher knowledge. Evidence of discriminant/criterion-related validity was examined by evaluating group differences. Based on results from t -tests and MANOVAs, no significant differences between groups (based on level of expertise) were found. Item Response Theory (IRT) scaling of items along a continuum indicated that declarative knowledge items were generally less difficult than applied knowledge items. IRT scaling of person scores represented a rather narrow range of knowledge within the sample. Reliability estimates from the IRT scaling and test-retest indicated strong item reliability, relatively weak person reliability, and satisfactory test-retest reliability, respectively. To obtain evidence regarding the usefulness of the measure to determine professional development needs, a Kruskal-Wallis rank-order test was conducted to evaluate the differential difficulty of UDA elements within the applied knowledge section. This provided initial evidence for identifying professional development needs at the element level. These results provide information that will guide further instrument development and future research in this area. / Committee in charge: Paul Yovanoff, Chairperson, Educational Methodology, Policy, and Leadership; Elizabeth Ham, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Leanne Ketterlin Geller, Member, Educational Methodology, Policy, and Leadership; Douglas Blandy, Outside Member, Arts and Administration

A logística reversa de embalagem (LRE) e o design orientado ao território (DT) são abordagens com ênfases diferentes, mas que possuem características que se complementam. A embalagem, por exemplo, surge como uma estratégia com o potencial de comunicação do território e de sustentabilidade ambiental, premissas do DT, através da logística reversa. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo propor diretrizes e práticas para integração entre essas duas abordagens, LRE e DT. Utilizou-se como unidade de análise um processo de produção orgânica. O método adotado foi a pesquisa-ação, contendo atividades como: (i) revisão de literatura sistematizada para identificação e análise de conceitos, diretrizes, objetivos e ações que permitisse a integração entre a LRE e o DT; (ii) identificação de oportunidades de LRE no contexto do DT a partir do mapeamento de um processo e da sugestão de ferramentas como o blueprint, o Service Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (SFMEA) e a matriz SWOT; (iii) testar as diretrizes de integração propostas em um projeto de embalagens. Dentre os principais resultados do trabalho estão a apresentação de um conjunto de diretrizes norteadoras de LRE em projetos de DT; um diagnóstico de oportunidade de LRE em um projeto de DT, no caso o dos produtores de hortaliças orgânicas; proposição de uma ferramenta para avaliação da integração entre as abordagens e o grau de formalismo presente no planejamento e na gestão da LRE, denominada RADAR DT-LRE; o replanejamento do sistema logístico e o projeto de embalagens; e a aplicação da ferramenta RADAR DT-LRE. Constatou-se que as diretrizes, objetivos e ações integradas entre LRE e DT nortearam de forma satisfatória o sistema de LRE e o projeto das embalagens no caso investigado, apresentando melhorias em relação seu ao estado inicial. As diretrizes com destaque foram: proteção e perpetuação da identidade e do patrimônio, desenvolvimento econômico, redução do impacto ambiental; melhoria da imagem da empresa/negócio e, em menor grau, infraestrutura de suporte ao sistema de logística reversa de embalagens. / The packaging reverse logistics (PRL) and the territorial design (TD) are approaches with different emphases, but that have characteristics that complement each other. The packaging, for example, appears as a strategy with the potential for territory communication and environmental sustainability - assumptions of TD - through reverse logistics. The main of this work is to propose guidelines and practices for integration between the two approaches, PRL and TD. A process of organic production was used as the analysis unit. The method adopted was the action research, containing activities such as: (i) systematic literature review to identify and analyze concepts, guidelines, objectives and actions that allow integration between the PRL and TD; (ii) identification of opportunities for PRL in the context of TD, from a process mapping and suggestion of tools such as blueprint, Service Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (SFMEA) SWOT matrix; and (iii) testing the integration guidelines proposed in a packaging project. The main results of the work are: presenting a set of guidelines for PRL in TD projects; a diagnosis of a opportunity of PRL in a TD project; proposal of a tool to evaluate the level of integration between the two approaches and the degree of formality present in the planning and in the management of PRL, called Radar TD-PRL; redesign of the logistics system and packaging design, and implementation of the tool RADAR TD-PRL. It was found that the guidelines, objectives and integrated actions between PRL and TD guided satisfactorily the PRL system and the packaging design in the investigated case, showing improvements compared to its initial state. The featured guidelines are: protection and perpetuation of identity and heritage, economic development, reduced environmental impact, improving the company's image / business, and, to a lesser extent, infrastructure support system for PRL.

No contexto industrial atual, verifica-se que as organizações empresariais vêm buscando atualização na utilização de métodos e técnicas para o desenvolvimento de produtos. A busca incessante por tal atualização tem se justificado nos últimos anos em função da globalização da economia, na qual as empresas veem-se imersas em um cenário de alta demanda por qualidade, menor preço, menores prazos de lançamento do produto no mercado e menor permissibilidade na ocorrência de erros, fatores estes diretamente responsáveis por seus índices de competitividade. Este trabalho visa aplicar a metodologia denominada Design for Assembly (DFA) como ferramenta de auxílio no desenvolvimento do projeto conceitual de um dispositivo funcional, com o objetivo de comprovar a eficácia de tal teoria em projetos industriais. Tal metodologia é utilizada no desenvolvimento de produtos, tanto em situações de inovação quanto em situações de re-design, visando facilitar as atividades dos operadores durante a montagem de um determinado produto. Através da simplificação da estrutura do projeto, eliminando componentes desnecessários, integrando partes e reduzindo o número de sistemas de junção, obteve-se, uma redução no número de peças, na massa e nas dimensões do dispositivo, causando, por consequência, um impacto nos custos de fabricação. / In the present industrial context, it is verified that business organizations are seeking for updates in the use of methods and techniques for the development of products. The continual search for updating has been justified lately because of the globalization of the economy, in which context the companies are located that requires a higher demand for quality, low cost, shorter periods for launching a product in the market and few possibilities of errors, factors which are directly responsible for their rates of competitiveness. This project aims to apply the methodology called Design for Assembly (DFA) as a helping tool in developing the conceptual project of a functional device, with the objective of proving the efficiency of this theory in industrial projects. This methodology is used in the development of products, both in situations of innovation as well as of re-designing, aiming at making the operators'duties easier when they assembly a product. Through the simplification of the project's structure by the elimination of unnecessary components, the integration of pieces and the reduction in the number of junction systems, was obtained a reduction in the number of pieces, in the mass and in the device dimentions, thus causing an impact on the production costs.

Desde a década de 90 o conceito de design for safety (DFS) vem sendo difundido como meio de reduzir os acidentes do trabalho com causas oriundas nas características do projeto do produto. A utilização do DFS na indústria da construção civil desperta o interesse de vários pesquisadores, mas ainda é pequena e conta com uma lacuna entre o conceito e a aplicação do mesmo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em propor um protocolo para integração de requisitos de segurança no trabalho ao processo de desenvolvimento do produto – PISP, com vistas a auxiliar engenheiros e arquitetos a desenvolver projetos seguros para os usuários temporários das edificações (trabalhadores de construção e manutenção). O método de pesquisa envolveu a realização de três estudos de caso: um empreendimento residencial, um industrial e um hospitalar, executados nas cidades da região central do estado RS, respectivamente, formaram o objeto de análise. A integração de requisitos de saúde e segurança do trabalho (SST) ao processo de desenvolvimento do produto (PDP), foi a unidade de análise deste trabalho. O protocolo inclui quatro etapas: identificação de perigos, avaliação de riscos, identificação de requisitos e avaliação e registro do aprendizado. Sua aplicação no desenvolvimento de projetos favorece o trabalho colaborativo entre os envolvidos no PDP, sendo recomendado sua incorporação ao processo de engenharia simultânea ou ao desenvolvimento integrado de produtos, no entanto, é adaptável a qualquer método de PDP adotado pela empresa construtora ou projetista. O estudo constatou que a integração de requisitos de SST desde as fases iniciais do PDP é viável e mais consistente do que quando realizada na fase de projeto ou reprojeto, como sugere o conceito tradicional de DFS. / Since 1990s, the concept design for safety (DFS) has been diffused as way of to reduce the accidents in construction site with causes derived of the characteristics of design. The utilization of DFS in the construction industry awakes the interest of several researches, but yet is low and has a gap between the concept and the application. So, the target this work is to propose a protocol for integration of health and safety work requirements at product development process (PISP), as way of to help engineers and architects to develop safe designs for temporary users of building (workers of construction and maintenance). The research method involved the realization of three cases: a residential undertaking, an industrial and a clinical, was the analysis object. The integration of health and safety work requirements at product development process was analysis unit this work. The protocol has four stages: identification of hazards, assessment of risks, identification of requirements and assessment and register of learning. The application in the development of designs allow the collaborative work between the participants of product development process (PDP), been recommended for incorporation at concurrent engineering process or at integrated development product, however, is adaptive at some method of development of product adopted by designer . The study verified that the integration of health and safety requirements since the early stages of PDP is viable and more solid that when made in design or redesign stages, as suggest the traditional concept of DFS.

Ao longo dos anos, o mundo contemporâneo caracterizou-se pelo desenvolvimento da tecnologia, da produção de bens industriais e do consumo. No entanto, a geração de resíduos e descartes do sistema industrial acompanhou esse progresso, causando a maioria dos problemas socioambientais. Atualmente, a sociedade vive sob a preocupação com a questão ambiental, o discurso da sustentabilidade e a busca por consumidores mais críticos. Sob essa perspectiva, observa-se a atividade do design como uma das grandes responsáveis pela manutenção do desenvolvimento industrial, ambiental e social, para o contínuo crescimento econômico. Contudo, isso só pode ser alcançado com a formação de uma cultura de designers conscientes dessa problemática, preparados para projetar frente aos princípios da sustentabilidade. Para tanto, este trabalho tem por objetivo aliar os conceitos do Design para a Sustentabilidade às metodologias de projeto, utilizadas no ensino de Design, a partir da integração de princípios, diretrizes e ferramentas para projetos com ênfase em sustentabilidade. Metodologicamente, este trabalho faz uso da pesquisa exploratória, revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa-ação. Sua aplicação ocorreu na disciplina de Metodologia de Projeto do curso de graduação em Design da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio de aulas teórico-práticas, aliadas ao desenvolvimento de projetos conceituais com potencial para a sustentabilidade. Os resultados esperados vão ao encontro da efetividade da aplicação dos procedimentos do design para a sustentabilidade nos métodos de projeto selecionados, bem como da aplicação deste processo no ensino de Metodologia de Design. / Over the years, the contemporary world characterized by the development of technology, production of industrial goods and consumption. However, waste generation and disposal of the industrial system accompanied this progress, causing most of the socioenvironmental problems. Currently, the society lives under the concern with environmental issues, the discourse of sustainability and the search for more critical consumers. From this perspective, there is the activity of design as a major responsible for the maintenance of industrial development, environmental and social, for continued economic growth. However, this can only be achieved with the formation of a culture of designers aware of this issue, prepared to project forward the principles of sustainability. To this end, this paper aims to combine the concepts of Design for Sustainability at project methodologies, used in undergraduate courses in Design, from the integration of principles, guidelines and tools for more sustainable projects. Methodologically, this paper makes use of exploratory research, literature review and action research. Its application occurred in the discipline of design methodology undergraduate degree in Design from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, through theoretical and practical lessons, combined with the development of conceptual designs with the potential for sustainability. The expected results are in line with the effectiveness of the procedures of design for sustainability in design methods selected, and the implementation of this process in the teaching of Design Methodology.

abstract: Today, we use resources faster than they can be replaced. Construction consumes more resources than any other industry and has one of the largest waste streams. Resource consumption and waste generation are expected to grow as the global population increases. The circular economy (CE) is based on the concept of a closed-loop cycle (CLC) and proposes a solution that, in theory, can eliminate the environmental impacts caused by construction and demolition (C&D) waste and increase the efficiency of resources’ use. In a CLC, building materials are reused, remanufactured, recycled, and reintegrated into other buildings (or into other sectors) without creating any waste. Designing out waste is the core principle of the CE. Design for disassembly or design for deconstruction (DfD) is the practice of planning the future deconstruction of a building and the reuse of its materials. Concepts like DfD, CE, and product-service systems (PSS) can work together to promote CLC in the built environment. PSS are business models based on stewardship instead of ownership. CE combines DfD, PSS, materials’ durability, and materials’ reuse in multiple life cycles to promote a low-carbon, regenerative economy. CE prioritizes reuse over recycling. Dealing with resource scarcity demands us to think beyond the incremental changes from recycling waste; it demands an urgent, systemic, and radical change in the way we design, build, and procure construction materials. This dissertation aims to answer three research questions: 1) How can researchers estimate the environmental benefits of reusing building components, 2) What variables are susceptible to affect the environmental impact assessment of reuse, and 3) What are the barriers and opportunities for DfD and materials’ reuse in the current design practice in the United States. The first part of this study investigated how different life cycle assessment (LCA) methods (i.e., hybrid LCA and process-based LCA), assumptions (e.g., reuse rates, transportation distances, number of reuses), and LCA timelines can affect the results of a closed-loop LCA. The second part of this study built on interviews with architects in the United States to understand why DfD is not part of the current design practice in the country. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2018

abstract: As integrated technologies are scaling down, there is an increasing trend in the process,voltage and temperature (PVT) variations of highly integrated RF systems. Accounting for these variations during the design phase requires tremendous amount of time for prediction of RF performance and optimizing it accordingly. Thus, there is an increasing gap between the need to relax the RF performance requirements at the design phase for rapid development and the need to provide high performance and low cost RF circuits that function with PVT variations. No matter how care- fully designed, RF integrated circuits (ICs) manufactured with advanced technology nodes necessitate lengthy post-production calibration and test cycles with expensive RF test instruments. Hence design-for-test (DFT) is proposed for low-cost and fast measurement of performance parameters during both post-production and in-eld op- eration. For example, built-in self-test (BIST) is a DFT solution for low-cost on-chip measurement of RF performance parameters. In this dissertation, three aspects of automated test and calibration, including DFT mathematical model, BIST hardware and built-in calibration are covered for RF front-end blocks. First, the theoretical foundation of a post-production test of RF integrated phased array antennas is proposed by developing the mathematical model to measure gain and phase mismatches between antenna elements without any electrical contact. The proposed technique is fast, cost-efficient and uses near-field measurement of radiated power from antennas hence, it requires single test setup, it has easy implementation and it is short in time which makes it viable for industrialized high volume integrated IC production test. Second, a BIST model intended for the characterization of I/Q offset, gain and phase mismatch of IQ transmitters without relying on external equipment is intro- duced. The proposed BIST method is based on on-chip amplitude measurement as in prior works however,here the variations in the BIST circuit do not affect the target parameter estimation accuracy since measurements are designed to be relative. The BIST circuit is implemented in 130nm technology and can be used for post-production and in-field calibration. Third, a programmable low noise amplifier (LNA) is proposed which is adaptable to different application scenarios depending on the specification requirements. Its performance is optimized with regards to required specifications e.g. distance, power consumption, BER, data rate, etc.The statistical modeling is used to capture the correlations among measured performance parameters and calibration modes for fast adaptation. Machine learning technique is used to capture these non-linear correlations and build the probability distribution of a target parameter based on measurement results of the correlated parameters. The proposed concept is demonstrated by embedding built-in tuning knobs in LNA design in 130nm technology. The tuning knobs are carefully designed to provide independent combinations of important per- formance parameters such as gain and linearity. Minimum number of switches are used to provide the desired tuning range without a need for an external analog input. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2018