The aim of this thesis is to understand how the level design elements in Lost in Random, staging, scale, and shape language convey danger within combat areas. The purpose of the analysis was to find patterns in the visual level design elements presented in the first moment of combat. Through this analysis, the authors offer level designers an overview of how visual level design elements could be used to communicate and create meaningful experiences in combat areas with Lost in Random as an example. A formal analysis was conducted in which screenshots of the game were analyzed to discover whether the visual level design elements are present in the first playable frame of the combat areas and if they share scale and shape characteristics throughout the combats. The main findings can show patterns in the use of staging and how enclosed areas are presented by using the focal point to guide the players towards the goals or challenges. Based on previous theories referenced in this thesis, there is an expectation that triangular shapes and exaggerated sizes will appear as part of these patterns.

The aim of this study is to examine how the Graphical User Interface of League of Legends’ ability icons for champions evolved from 2009-2023. This was done by conductinga formal analysis of three different champions from the game League of Legends that haveundergone Visual and Gameplay Updates. The value of this case study was the understandingof the evolution of GUI in games over a long period of time. This may help game artists tounderstand how a coherent graphic design language is formed for a specific game and how itevolves over time to reflect design changes in games.

During winter the sun is in short supply. But research at KTH shows that solar radiation can be facilitated while energy consumption for lighting is reduced. This provided that the buildings are appropriately designed. But, unfortunately, the sunlight is often not taken into account and the results are the opposite. The energy savings depend on good town planning where the daylight is accessible for longer periods of time during the day, both indoors and outdoors. Then, the periods of use for electric light will decrease. This research is one of the first studies which evaluate the savings in energy with electric lighting due to the use of daylight in urban planning. Three different patterns for street layouts are evaluated and discussed in this report. For example, with straight streets it is possible to save approximately 11 % of the electric energy for the exterior lighting compared to a bending street during twilight.   However, it is possible to improve the daylight distribution with geometrical adjustments even along bending streets. Varying the height of the building along the street front and adding openings between the buildings can make for good daylight distribution, like in the strategic straight line format. The energy efficiency of the bending streets can be improved so the loss in energy efficiency compared to a straight street can be reduced from 11 % to 4 %, in a specific case.   The energy savings are not so great that they alone can justify a specific street type. A number of other factors must also be considered, such as architectural style, uniformity and the building system. A long-term goal is practical guidelines for “better” geometry in urban design, taking into consideration the sun and daylight. The construction cost is not higher in such geometries than in conventional designs, since daylight is free. Therefore daylight can open up for new types of settlements with advantages as more space with more outlooks. / <p>QC 20161028</p>

Sustaining behaviour change is fundamental for the effective uptake of policies and practices aimed at improving individual and collective health, yet it can be very difficult for individuals to adhere to new desired health-related behaviours. A prospective solution is to focus on instilling these behaviours as a habit. Once instilled as a habit, behaviours are performed automatically given specific cues, and they relieve the cognitive stress of having to make a volitional decision towards performing the behaviour - making it more resistant to relapse. Several information systems (IS) are being proposed to help individual users instil target behaviours as habits so that they can be performed even when intentions shift. However, these systems tend to be designed in an ad hoc manner and, as a result, their effectiveness can vary substantially. To better guide the design of information systems that can support users in forming health-related behaviours as a habit, we define a subclass of systems called Habit Formation Support Systems (HFSS) and adopt the design science research approach to develop two artifacts: (1) a design-relevant theory explaining and predicting how IS-supported habit formation can be achieved called the Theory for the Formation of IS-Supported Habits (T-FISSH); and (2) a suite of design principles to guide the design of systems that can effectively support users in forming a desired health-related behaviour as a habit. We contend that habit theory and IS continuance theory can be used to anchor the development of the two artifacts. The T-FISSH was refined and validated using exploratory and confirmatory focus groups with academics and health behaviour change practitioners respectively. The design principles were refined with systems design and development professionals and validated through a reusability check that involved a design activity and reusability questionnaire. The theoretical contribution of the thesis lies in moving the habit formation knowledge base into the design realm through the development of a design-relevant explanatory/predictive theory. From a practical perspective, this research presents a suite of theory-anchored design principles that are intended to guide the design and development of systems that can support users in forming desired health-related behaviours as a habit.

The main aim of this thesis project is to select and redesign a website which was originally designed without using the HCI design principles. The website “Atari best electronics” (https://www.best-electronics-ca.com/) was chosen and evaluated using usability heuristics. After finding the flaws in the website, it is redesigned using the HCI design principles using Google sites. The redesigned website is then surveyed using the System Usability Scale (SUS). The results of the survey are presented in the report. Background: The UI/UX of any website increases drastically if the website is designed with the HCI principles in mind. Most of the websites do not follow the design principles. This affects the reach and usage of the website. The users using these websites are very quick to quit. The websites can be designed/redesigned using the HCI designed principles and increase the user experience.  Objectives: The objective of this project is to evaluate the chosen website and redesign it by using HCI design principles and conduct survey to understand the user’s perspective on the redesigned website. Methods: This project uses two methods in order to get results and solution of the proposed research questions. The heuristic evaluation method helps us find the flaws in the website and lets us redesign the website using HCI design principles. The survey evaluation method helps us understand the user’s perspective on the redesigned website. Results: The website is redesigned using the HCI design principles and a survey questionnaire is shared, and the responses are collected, and the results are represented in the form of bar graphs. Based on the results of the survey, we find out whether or not the users liked using the redesigned website. Conclusion: Using HCI principles in designing/redesigning a website increases the usability of the website. After analyzing the survey, we understand that the user experience is greatly affected when a website is designed using HCI design principles.

Legal and institutional structures fundamentally shape opportunities for adaptive governance of environmental resources at multiple ecological and societal scales. Properties of adaptive governance are widely studied. However, these studies have not resulted in consolidated frameworks for legal and institutional design, limiting our ability to promote adaptation and social-ecological resilience. We develop an overarching framework that describes the current and potential role of law in enabling adaptation. We apply this framework to different social-ecological settings, centers of activity, and scales, illustrating the multidimensional and polycentric nature of water governance. Adaptation typically emerges organically among multiple centers of agency and authority in society as a relatively self-organized or autonomous process marked by innovation, social learning, and political deliberation. This self-directed and emergent process is difficult to create in an exogenous, top-down fashion. However, traditional centers of authority may establish enabling conditions for adaptation using a suite of legal, economic, and democratic tools to legitimize and facilitate self-organization, coordination, and collaboration across scales. The principles outlined here provide preliminary legal and institutional foundations for adaptive environmental governance, which may inform institutional design and guide future scholarship.

Intresset för agenter som forskningsområde är någonting relativt nytt. Agenter i sig är en naturlig del av Artificiell intelligens men det är först på senare tid som de hamnat i fokus. Begreppet agent har spridit sig som en löpeld utanför AI-forskningen och kan hittas i många andra områden. Vad detta intresse för agenter kommer ifrån kan debatteras men det är troligtvis dels en följd av att internet visat hur kraftfullt ett distribuerat system kan vara, och att agenter och botar bokar våra biljetter samt söker igenom webbsidor åt oss.Arbetets huvudfråga är att undersöka hur ett intelligent system (för värmedistributionen i ett hus) kan uppnås genom att koppla ihop ett antal agenter med begränsade funktionalitet och distinkta uppgifter. Intelligensen i systemet ska uppnås genom samverkan mellan de olika agenterna. Denna studies förslag för att lösa problemet är en teoristudie av existerande litteratur för designprinciper samt design och implementering av ett exempelsystem, som sedan kommer att simuleras i för att samla in data gällande validitet.Experimentet visade att ett agentsystem kan ge en klar ekonomisk besparing men kommer också med ett relativt högt pris för att implementeras. Om agenterna kan dela infrastruktur genom att installeras samtidigt som ett nytt hus byggs och kan använda tänkt infrastruktur. Dessutom kan besparingen utökas genom att agentsystemet appliceras på en större nybyggnation.

<p>In our study, we investigated how the streamed TV domain relates to existing design principles for web design. Further, we have investigated whether there are specific characteristics of the domain that the design principles do not cover. In the survey we have studied two sites which are representative of the streamed TV domain. Finally, we discuss how applicable the design principles are for the domain and the specific characteristics that would require new or further developed design principles.</p> / <p>I vår studie har vi undersökt hur domänen streamad-TV förhåller sig till befintliga designprinciper för webbdesign. Ytterligare har vi undersökt om det finns specifika egenskaper för domänen som inte omfattas av någon designprincip. I undersökningen har vi studerat två webbplatser vilka är representativa för domänen streamad-TV. Slutligen diskuterar vi hur applicerbara designprinciperna är på domänen och vilka specifika egenskaper som skulle behöva nya eller vidareutvecklade designprinciper.</p>

This paper accounts for the work with a website for a company whose real name will not be disclosed in the text of this paper. Instead, they have been assigned the fictitious name Larmbolaget, which can be translated as ‘The Alarm Company’. During our work with Larmbolaget’s website, we consulted a selection of accessibility guidelines from the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, developed by a working group within the World Wide Web Consortium, as well as a number of design principles and heuristics outlined in this paper. We also conducted several usability tests on users from our intended target group. All the measures taken were an effort to ensure that Larmbolaget’s website be as accessible and usable as possible. Our conclusion is that the resulting website does comply with the accessibility guidelines and design principles described in this paper, and thus we consider it to be accessible and usable to a wide range of users, including those with disabilities. / Den här rapporten redogör för arbetet med en webbplats åt ett företag vars riktiga namn inte avslöjas i texten i denna rapport. Istället har de tilldeltas det påhittade namnet Larmbolaget. Under arbetet med Larmbolagets webbplats har vi tagit hänsyn till en utvald del av tillgänglighetsriktlinjerna i Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, utvecklade av en arbetsgrupp inom World Wide Web Consortium, samt ett antal designprinciper och heuristiker som vi sammanfattar i den här rapporten. Vi utförde även ett flertal användartester på användare inom vår tänkta målgrupp. Alla dessa åtgärder var ett försök att göra Larmbolagets webbplats så tillgänglig och användbar som möjligt. Vår slutsats är att den resulterande webbplatsen följer de tillgänglighetsriktlinjer och designprinciper som beskrivs i den här rapporten, och således anser vi den vara tillgänglig och användbar för en stor mängd användare, inklusive dem med funktionshinder.

When human constructs the physical surrounding, a psychological environment of meanings is being created, accompanying the world of shapes and masses. Interventions into built environment affect the meanings extracted from the composition of the physical setting and the response of people to design strategies reveals the importance of them. The entrance spine of a city is important in creating an image of the city in the minds of the observers, and the protocol highway of Ankara introduces the city to other countries&amp / #8217 / leaders and visitors. So any intervention into this highway will affect the symbolic image formed. As such, attaching claddings onto visible fa&ccedil / ades of buildings in terms of beautification changes the appearance of the streetscape, and Municipality&amp / #8217 / s approach to fa&ccedil / ade improvement does not heed the prestige of this corridor / being an application rather than a well-advised project. This thesis aims to study the quality of the streetscape under the principles of design in terms of objective and subjective dimensions with respect to the physical characteristics of the setting and people&amp / #8217 / s interpretations from it, and the objective of this study is to question the success of this intervention with regard to solutions to improve the quality of the streetscape. To this end evaluative analyses are studied in the second chapter and the third chapter introduces a matrix of design principles. According to these evaluations, most design concerns are being underestimated, resulting in the monotony of the streetscape but the streetscape appears to be visually more ordered compared to the past.