This master’s thesis is dealing with design of steam boiler for wood chips. Wood chips are considered as biomass and so the steam boiler is considerate to enviroment. Main purpose of this work is calculation of size and number of water/steam heating surfaces so the boiler can produce steam with required parametres of temperature, pressure and amount.

This master's thesis presents analysis, design and implementation of an information system for supporting studying and practicing of selected methods described by Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) with focus on service design and service operation. In the form of a web application the thesis presents an uncommon approach to e-learning system development by extending the standard lecture part by game elements and interactive scenarios. Developed system allows creators to define services and tasks, such as incidents and problems caused by their operation, and evaluate reactions of responsible users. The application can be used by IT administrators or Service Desk managers to train new IT engineers or Service Desk operators.

Trenden är tydlig, vi arbetar flexiblare nu för tiden och det verkar vara början på en strukturomvandling av arbetsmarknaden, det har blivit extra tydligt under Covid-19 pandemin. De absolut flesta som arbetar på distans arbetar hemifrån och våra hem måste anpassas till dessa flexibla arbetsformer. Den vanligaste lösningen på problemet är att ta med kontoret hem. Arbetsgivare erbjuder ofta de anställda att ta med stolen eller skrivbordet hem men storleken och estetiken på kontorsmöbler passar inte in i hemmiljön. Vi vill inte ha ett kontor som ser ut som ett hem, inte heller ett hem som ser ut som ett kontor. I det här arbetet undersöker jag estetiken och hur förutsättningarna för distansarbete hemifrån kan förbättras. Ett tidigare projekt kallat Home, som behandlade distansarbete ligger till bakgrund för mitt examensarbete och är en anledning till att jag valt att djupare syna ämnet. Jag har lärt känna problematiken och behoven genom en litteraturstudie där jag granskat olika rapporter och vetenskapliga artiklar för att förstå distansarbete och dess för- och nackdelar. Användarstudier har också genomförts för att lära känna användarna och förstå deras behov, samt samtalat med experter för att fånga in detaljkunskap inom området. Det har lagt grunden för den kreativa fasen bestående av idégenerering och prototyparbete. Det resulterade i ett designförslag som heter Pop, ett flexibelt och kompakt skrivbord för deltidsdistansarbete med platsbrist i hemmet. / There is a distinct trend that we work more flexible nowadays and it seems to be the beginning of a structural transformation of the labour market. This has become clear during the Covid-19 pandemic. The majority of remote workers are stationed in their homes. Therefor our homes must adapt to the change in favor for these flexible working conditions. The quick solution is often to bring the office home, but the size and the aesthetics of office furniture does not fit in the environment of the home. We do not want to have an office that looks like home, or a home that looks like an office. In this essay I investigate the aesthetics and how the conditions for remote work from home can be improved.  An earlier concept called Home, a project about remote work has laid the foundation for my bachelor’s degree essay and is one of the reasons I wanted to explore the subject further.  By studying reports and scientific research I have deeply got to know the conditions for remote work, user’s needs, and the associated problems.  I have also interviewed users as well as professionals, to gather expertise. This has laid the base for my creative work – generating ideas and prototyping. This resulted in a design proposal called Pop, a flexible and compact desk for part-time remote workers who has a lack of space.

The purpose of this project was to track the posture of a person sitting by a desk, and then use the information to adjust the desk to achieve an optimal height for the user. The solution was to track the angle of the users forearm relative to the desk’s horizontal plane, which should be around zero degrees for an ergonomic posture. Two Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in different colours were attached to the user, one at the elbow and one at the wrist. The LEDs were tracked with a camera connected to a laptop running Open Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV). Window tinting was placed on the camera lens so that only the LEDs and other strong light sources were visible. By using OpenCV, coordinates for the two LEDs were given. With the coordinates found, the angle of the users arm could be calculated and the height of the desk evaluated. Information about necessary height adjustments were sent from the laptop to an Arduino via Bluetooth. The Arduino then controlled a stepper motor by sending signals to a stepper driver, making the motor rotate, thus adjust the height of the desk. The desk was a single leg laptop desk. The leg consists of two tubes. The lower, outer tube was connected to the foot while the upper inner tube, which ran freely in the outer tube, was connected to the tabletop. The height was adjusted with a lead screw positioned parallel to the leg.The nut on the lead screw was connected to the outer lowertube. When the motor rotated so did the lead screw, lifting the table top up or lowering it. / Syftet med detta project var att undersöka om det är möjligt att i realtid spåra en persons hållning vid ett skrivbord, och använda den informationen för att justera skrivbordet höjd och nå en optimal höjd för användaren. Lösningen var att spåra vinkeln på användarens underarm relativt skrivbordets horisontalplan, som bör vara runt noll grader för en ergonomisk ställning. Två lysdioder i olika färger placeras på användaren, en på armbågen och en på handleden. Med hjälp av OpenCV spårades lysdioderna med en kamera kopplad till en dator. Solfilm sattes på kameralinsen så att endast lysdioderna och andra starka ljuskällor var synliga. Genom att använda OpenCV togs koordinaterna för lysdioderna fram. Med koordinaterna kunde vinkeln på användarens underarm beräknas och skrivbordets höjd utvärderas. Information om nödvändiga höjdändringar skickades från laptopen till en Arduino via Bluetooth. Arduinon kontrollerade en stegmotor genom att skicka signaler till en stegmotordrivare, vilket fick motorn att rotera och justera skrivbordets höjd. Skrivbordet var ett enbent laptopställ. Benet bestod av två rör. Det nedre yttre röret satt fast i foten och det övre inre röret satt fast i bordsskivan, och löpte fritt i det yttre röret. Höjden justerades med en gängstav som satt parallellt med benet. Muttern satt ihop med det nedre röret. När motorn roterade gjorder också gängstaven det, vilket antingen pressade upp bordsskivan eller sänkte den.

The purpose of this project was to track the posture of aperson sitting by a desk, and then use the information toadjust the desk to achieve an optimal height for the user.The solution was to track the angle of the users forearm relativeto the desk’s horizontal plane, which should be aroundzero degrees for an ergonomic posture. Two Light EmittingDiodes (LEDs) in different colours were attached tothe user, one at the elbow and one at the wrist. The LEDswere tracked with a camera connected to a laptop runningOpen Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV). Windowtinting was placed on the camera lens so that only theLEDs and other strong light sources were visible. By usingOpenCV, coordinates for the two LEDs were given. Withthe coordinates found, the angle of the users arm couldbe calculated and the height of the desk evaluated. Informationabout necessary height adjustments were sent fromthe laptop to an Arduino via Bluetooth. The Arduino thencontrolled a stepper motor by sending signals to a stepperdriver, making the motor rotate, thus adjust the height ofthe desk.The desk was a single leg laptop desk. The leg consistsof two tubes. The lower, outer tube was connected to thefoot while the upper inner tube, which ran freely in theouter tube, was connected to the tabletop. The height wasadjusted with a lead screw positioned parallel to the leg.The nut on the lead screw was connected to the outer lowertube. When the motor rotated so did the lead screw, liftingthe table top up or lowering it. / Syftet med detta project var att undersöka om det är möjligtatt i realtid spåra en persons hållning vid ett skrivbord, ochanvända den informationen för att justera skrivbordet höjdoch nå en optimal höjd för användaren.Lösningen var att spåra vinkeln på användarens underarmrelativt skrivbordets horisontalplan, som bör vara runt nollgrader för en ergonomisk ställning. Två lysdioder i olikafärger placeras på användaren, en på armbågen och en påhandleden. Med hjälp av OpenCV spårades lysdioderna meden kamera kopplad till en dator. Solfilm sattes på kameralinsenså att endast lysdioderna och andra starka ljuskällorvar synliga. Genom att använda OpenCV togs koordinaternaför lysdioderna fram. Med koordinaterna kunde vinkelnpå användarens underarm beräknas och skrivbordets höjdutvärderas. Information om nödvändiga höjdändringar skickadesfrån laptopen till en Arduino via Bluetooth. Arduinonkontrollerade en stegmotor genom att skicka signalertill en stegmotordrivare, vilket fick motorn att rotera ochjustera skrivbordets höjd.Skrivbordet var ett enbent laptopställ. Benet bestod av tvårör. Det nedre yttre röret satt fast i foten och det övre inreröret satt fast i bordsskivan, och löpte fritt i det yttre röret.Höjden justerades med en gångstav som satt parallellt medbenet. Muttern satt ihop med det nedre röret. När motornroterade gjorder också gångstaven det, vilket antingen pressadeupp bordsskivan eller sänkte den.

Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена анализу эффективности контрольной деятельности налоговых органов. Необходимость научного исследования заключается в определении путей совершенствования контрольной работы налоговых органов и разработке практических рекомендаций по повышению качества налогового контроля и администрирования. Актуальность работы обусловлена тем, что создание прочной финансовой системы государства невозможно без создания эффективной системы налогового контроля, призванной обеспечить финансовые интересы государства с одновременным соблюдением прав налогоплательщиков. / Final qualification work (master thesis) is devoted to the analysis of efficiency of control activity of tax authorities. The need for research lies in determining ways of improving the control of tax bodies and the development of practical recommendations for improving the quality of tax control and administration. The relevance of the work due to the fact that the creation of a solid financial system of the state is impossible without creation of effective system of fiscal control designed to ensure the financial interests of the States with the simultaneous observance of the rights of taxpayers.

Магистерская диссертация посвящена разработке методов совершенствования камерального контроля налога на добавленную стоимость на примере ИФНС по Кировскому району г. Екатеринбурга. Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения и списка использованных источников. В первой главе рассмотрены теоретические аспекты камерального налогового контроля и налог на добавленную стоимость. Во второй главе проводится анализ и оценка камеральной налоговой проверки и контрольной работы ИФНС России по Кировскому району г. Екатеринбурга. Третья глава посвящена разработке рекомендаций по совершенствованию камерального налогового контроля по налогу на добавленную стоимость. Работа выполнена на 68 листах, содержит 10 таблиц и 3 рисунков с использованием 60 источников информации. / The master's thesis is devoted to the development of methods for improving cameral control of value added tax by the example of the IFTS in the Kirovsky district of Yekaterinburg. Final qualification work consists of introduction, three chapters, conclusion and list of sources used. The first chapter discusses the theoretical aspects of cameral tax control and value added tax. The second chapter analyzes and evaluates the desk tax audit and the audit work of the IFTS of Russia in the Kirov district of Yekaterinburg. The third chapter is devoted to the development of recommendations for improving cameral tax control on value added tax. The work was performed on 68 sheets, contains 10 tables and 3 figures using 60 sources of information.

The phenomenon of HIV discordance has been in existence for a long time along with HIV. However, very limited attention has been given to HIV discordance. This phenomenological study aimed at gaining a deeper understanding on the lived experiences of sero-discordant couples in Botswana. Reports show that discordance in Botswana is around 17%. The main objectives of this study were to identify HIV discordant couples living in Botswana and explore their knowledge and understanding of the situation, explore the psychological, social and sexual experiences of the HIV discordant couples and determine its impact in their lives, and examine the meaning they attach to such experiences and challenges they face as well as their coping strategies. A qualitative phenomenological approach using face to face in-depth interviews was used to explore and describe meanings and experience as lived by the HIV discordant couples. The study sample consisted of forty-six (N=46) (twenty-nine (n=29) females and seventeen (n=17) males) participants selected using purposive sampling from three cities in Botswana. The Inclusion criteria were that participants should be aged 21 years and above; with no known diagnosis of mental illness; having been in a discordant relationship for at least six months at the time of data collection; living in Botswana and willing to participate in the study. The findings were that there are three forms of discordance, which are: discordant unaware which are couples who went into the relation unaware of their HIV status. Discordant aware; those who got into the relationship already knowing each other’s HIV status and discordantly discordant which are those with differing HIV status and differing motives of going into the relationship. These are the couples that conceal their status from one another. The results revealed intense emotional/psychological, sexual and social stresses as experienced by couples. HIV discordant goes through three phases of initial shock, conflict and resolution. The researcher recommends the OPEN DESK MODEL to be integrated in the health facilities to encompass the concept of a family or couple and as a unit. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

This dissertation takes an interest in learning and literacy in everyday interaction in the middle year classroom. It is based on a view of learning as emically construed in social interaction. Conversation Analysis (CA) and the concept of epistemic stance are used as a theoretical framing for describing in what way, and with what verbal and non-verbal resources, learning is achieved in desk interaction, i.e. when students work individually at their desks while the teacher moves around to support them. Almost without exceptions, these interactions involve the use of texts. Hence, they are viewed as situated literacy events that are part of the institutionally shaped literacy practices as described in the field of New Literacy Studies. The empirical data for this study comes from a video-ethnographic study in two middle year classrooms in grade four and five. Out of a total of 70 hours of video documentation, a selection of interrelated desk interactions was made. These were analyzed as learning trajectories and compared from two perspectives. Firstly, learning trajectories when a teacher repeatedly interacts with the same student about the same learning content were analyzed. Secondly, the changes in the teacher’s epistemic stance when interacting with different students about the same learning content in repeated desk interactions were studied. The analysis shows that the teacher’s trajectories through the classroom build infrastructures for learning, enabling differentiation between students within the constraints and possibilities of evolving routines. Learning in desk interaction mainly relies on the use of text references to index previously shared knowledge. Epistemic topicalizations and recurring semiotic fields are shown to be crucial resources for both maintaining and changing the epistemic stance of the participants towards the learning content constituted in interaction. A conclusion is that the shared experiences of teachers and students in collective literacy events serve as important resources for learning in individual desk interaction. / Baksidestext: Den här avhandlingen handlar om bänkinteraktioner på mellanstadiet. Med hjälp av videoanalyser utforskas lärares och elevers sociala samspel när elever arbetar enskilt med skriftliga uppgifter i sina bänkar, medan läraren rör sig runt i klassrummet för att hjälpa dem. Avhandlingen visar hur lärande i bänkinteraktioner sker till följd av lärares och elevers ömsesidiga samordning av tal, gester, blickar och texter. Längs lärarens väg genom klassrummet skapas möjligheter till skilda lärandeförlopp för olika elever, inom ramen för de rutiner som samtidigt formas. Instruktioner, lärobokstexter och bilder är viktiga resurser i dessa lärandeförlopp. De används i huvudsak för att uppmärksamma och påminna om sådant man tidigare läst och diskuterat tillsammans i klassen. En slutsats blir därför att lärares och elevers gemensamma erfarenheter från olika tillfällen har stor betydelse för lärande i bänkinteraktioner. Sammantaget framstår bänkarbetet som mera socialt än individuellt.  Avhandlingen bidrar till en nyanserad förståelse av bänkinteraktioners pedagogiska potential, vilket diskuteras i relation till senare decenniers politiska individualiseringssträvanden. Den vänder sig till forskare, lärare och andra som är intresserade av lärande och skriftspråkande i klassrummets interaktion.

[pt] A contaminação do solo nos postos de serviço é um risco ambiental associado à atividade de distribuição de derivados de petróleo que precisa ser controlado. O aumento deste risco está diretamente ligado à idade dos tanques e tubulações e à baixa qualidade na operação dos postos. Tais problemas vêm sendo minimizados ao longo das duas ultimas décadas graças à utilização de equipamentos mais modernos e das crescentes exigências ambientais. Nesta tese foi desenvolvido e testado em laboratório um equipamento de controle ambiental, baseado em tecnologia de sensores a fibra óptica, para a detecção de vazamentos em tanques jaquetados (dupla parede). A detecção de vazamentos neste tipo de tanque tornou-se uma exigência dos órgãos de proteção ambiental. O uso de tanques jaquetados com sistema de detecção permite que seja evitado o contato dos fluidos combustíveis com o solo, pois, uma vez rompida a parede interna de aço carbono do tanque, o sistema acusa a presença de hidrocarbonetos no interstício do tanque. Outrossim, a discriminação do fluido quando ocorrido o vazamento é importante para que se possa detectar mais facilmente se o rompimento se deu na parede interna ou externa do tanque, possibilitando um rápido diagnóstico e a conseqüente tomada de medidas corretivas do problema. Com a evolução legislativa no campo ambiental e o foco do Poder Público na garantia de uma maior qualidade de vida, o País está passando por um momento de transição onde, em um curto espaço de tempo, quase que 70 por cento dos tanques em operação deverão ser substituídos. Dessa feita, o equipamento para monitoramento ambiental desenvolvido nesta tese visa também tornar economicamente possível a substituição do atual parque de tanques por novos, já com sensores ópticos incorporados. / [en] Soil contamination due to leakage of hydrocarbon fuels from tanks in service stations is an environmental risk associated with the distribution segment of the petroleum industry. Such risk is closely related to ageing tanks and piping systems, as well as to the lack of quality assurance practices in service stations. This problem is being reduced during the last two decades, mainly due to use of modern equipment that must adhere to more rigid environmental legislation. In this thesis, an optical fiber sensor, able to discriminate different liquids, has been developed as a part of a leakage detection system employed to monitor jacketed tanks used to store alcohol or hydrocarbon or fuels. Leakage detection in this type of storage tanks plays an important role to minimize problems due to soil contamination and is now required according to new environmental legislation. If fuel leaks through the carbon steel wall of jacketed tanks it will be contained, within an interstitial space, by the outer, fiber reinforced, polymeric wall of the tank. Presence of fluid in the interstitial space is monitored by the optical fiber sensor, which sends a warning to the service station operator, which immediately has to start maintenance procedures. The capability of discriminating different fuels will allow the operator to quickly identify from which tank compartment the leakage has originated, or, if water coming from the soil has been detected, that the outer wall of the tank has been damaged and needs to be repaired.