The work considers the problem of seasonality in the ski resorts of the Sverdlovsk region. In this work you see the concept and the problem of seasonality, additional services and attractivity of the the ski resorts in the Sverdlovsk region. The work considers the way of making the ski resorts in the Sverdlovsk region year-round tourist destination. Ski resorts in the Sverdlovsk region analyzed by the presented in the article criteria, but a special place is given to additional services. / Объектом работы выступают горнолыжные комплексы Свердловской области. Предметом исследования является анализ функционирования горнолыжных комплексов в течении круглого года. Цель – определение действующего статуса, привлекательности, значимости и перспективы развития горнолыжных комплексов Свердловской области как круглогодичного ресурса.

В магистерской диссертации исследованы проблемы формирования инвестиционного регионального климата. Представлен ряд сценариев по развитию туристской отрасли и рассмотрен один из проектов по формированию туристской деятельности. / In the master's thesis, the problems of the formation of the regional investment climate are investigated. A number of scenarios for the development of the tourism industry are presented and one of the projects for the formation of tourist activity is considered.

Со второй половины XX века всё большую значимость получает неценовая конкуренция, которая стала постепенно вытеснять ценовую. В такой же ситуации оказались и регионы, которые тоже имеют свою конкуренцию с другими территориями за туристический поток, приток квалифицированных рабочих, ученых, деятелей культуры и прочих людей, которые могут стимулировать социально-экономический рост региона. Правильные коммуникации создают желательную репутацию, которая зачастую является сильным преимуществом перед другими конкурентами, повышая стоимость продукта или услуги, или помогая потребителю в принятии решения по поводу путешествия или переезда именно в этот регион, а не в другой. Одними из новых и быстро развивающихся технологий, которые всё чаще используются в качестве инструментов продвижения территории, являются виртуальная и дополненная реальности. Всё больше менеджеров по продвижению региона начинают их осваивать, но при этом они до сих пор не являются распространёнными для этой области. В представленной работе отражены особенности использования инструментов виртуальной и дополненной реальностей в продвижении территории, проанализированы практика и результаты научных исследований в этой области. Основываясь на результатах методологической и эмпирической базы исследований, разработана коммуникативная программа продвижения Пермского края как региона с использованием инструментов виртуальной и дополненной реальностей. / Since the second half of the 20th century, non-price competition has become increasingly important, gradually replacing price competition. In the same situation, regions have also found themselves in competition with other territories for tourist flows, influx of skilled workers, scientists, cultural figures and other people who can stimulate the socio-economic growth of the region. The right communications create a desirable reputation, which is often a strong advantage over other competitors, adding value to a product or service, or helping the consumer decide to travel or relocate to that particular region rather than another. Virtual and augmented reality are some of the new and rapidly evolving technologies that are increasingly being used as tools to promote a territory. More and more promotional managers are beginning to master them, but they are still not common for this area. This paper reflects the peculiarities of virtual and augmented reality tools in territory promotion, analyses the practice and research results in this field. Based on the results of the methodological and empirical research base, a communication programme for the promotion of the Perm Territory as a region using virtual and augmented reality tools has been developed.

This research explores the perspectives of the opinion leaders of the activism movement in Tenerife on tourism on the island and the solutions proposed by these stakeholders to the current sustainability problems related to tourism. These issues include tourist's misbehavior in natural protected areas, waste, submarine emissions of residual water sewage, water shortage, gentrification, overtourism, overpopulation, 14,6% of unemployment in 2022, decline of agricultural land, high population density, etc. Furthermore, this study looks into how sustainability is articulated by the activism movement. The information was gathered from seven semi-structured interviews with opinion leaders of the activism movement with backgrounds in different fields including terrestrial biology, marine biology, archaeology, apiculture and agriculture. A thematic analysis was used to catalogue their responses into common topics to gain an overall picture of their perspective. The activist movement perceives the current tourism model as part of a system that needs to change by controlling and setting boundaries to tourist flows, immigration, construction and real state. Furthermore, they suggest a societal change towards valuing the natural and cultural heritage of the island. Sustainability is articulated by the activists as a balance between humans and nature, which should be obtained through a democratic decision-making process that assesses a common sustainable vision in line with scientific evidence. The activists further suggest that the transition towards sustainability requires cooperation between top-down changes and bottom-up changes, which will ultimately also transform the type of tourism on the island.

Pictures are often used when marketing a tourist destination. Photographs of a place, a destination, are used to convince customers and stimulate daydreaming in order to turn a potential customer into a real customer. For some people the photographic representations of a place is the only one they experience. With this in mind, it is reasonable to question how representations of places and geographical imaginations are being (re)produced when marketing a destination by using photographs. This paper aims to study how representations of place and people are used when marketing a tourist destination via travel commercial. The study was conducted by analysing images used for marketing tourist destinations located outside Europe, with a focus on photographs portraying people. The pictures included in this study were found in five travel catalogues for the Swedish market. The sample was narrowed down and reduced to three pictures, which were analysed by using a semiotic image analysis. The study aim to answer the following questions: When marketing a tourist destination how are people in the tourism advertising being presented? In what way can the images that are being used for tourism advertising generate stereotypes about places/people? The study indicates that, according to the included sample, the people portrayed in tourism advertising are being presented in a stereotypical manner.

Sustainable Destination Development implies reaching the 17 SDGs at a destination level. Climate crisis is arguably the primary challenge faced by destinations today. It is now commonly accepted that the crisis is primarily caused due to the burning of fossil fuels while converting it into energy. Therefore, decarbonization of the energy sector appears to be a viable way to eliminate the crisis. This ensued the installation of unprecedented amounts of renewable energy facilities in the last two decades, especially in Europe. As such onshore wind power is at the forefront of this trend and is projected to be the primary renewable source of electricity in Europe in foreseeable future. However, substituting fossil fuels by the renewable energy sources such as onshore wind power requires vast land areas, and as argued by many, may undermine biodiversity conservation – an equally urgent matter to be addressed by destinations. This is because land-use change is identified as the foremost cause of the biodiversity loss globally. Thus, this study was aimed to elucidate the ‘green-green paradox’ (i.e., jeopardizing biodiversity while combating climate crisis) using a qualitative research methodology. The main research questions were intended to reveal current best practices of dealing with the challenge, identify main barriers, and suggest solutions for a better practice in the future. Data was collected through semi-structured expert interviews, and the results were reported using thematic analysis. The study found that the current best practise of addressing the biodiversity challenge is via the Mitigation Hierarchy framework – a regulatory tool intended at safeguarding biodiversity while developing infrastructure projects. Simultaneously, the weak implementation of the hierarchy in practice was identified as the primary barrier for harmonious wind power – biodiversity relationship. The huge knowledge gap in understanding the depth of impacts, lack of uniform methodologies to measure and account for them, and the lack of collaboration and communication between stakeholders were identified as the main factors that impede operationalization of the framework. A need for more stricter and better implemented regulations was an important emergent theme throughout the results that was deemed to potentially be the defining factor in addressing the mentioned impediments.

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Varje bilresa börjar och slutar på en parkeringsplats. Samhället har under lång tid utformats med bilens framkomlighet i åtanke vilket bidragit till att det idag finns mer parkeringsyta än boyta i Sverige. Den genomsnittliga bilen står parkerad 97 procent av sin livstid och nyttjar en stor mängd markyta som parkering. Parkeringsyta anses således inte främja en hållbar markanvändning som förespråkas i de globala målen som antagits i Agenda 2030. Genom att minska andelen parkeringsyta kan den frigjorda marken användas till nya bostäder, grönområden och främja en levande stadsmiljö. Växjö är i en expansiv fas. Projektet Crossways är en del av denna expansion och har utformats för exploatering av den nya stadsdelen Bäckaslöv. Crossways ska utgöra ett nav för innovation och utveckling med målet att uppnå hållbar stadsutveckling samt möta de globala målen. Det är därför viktigt att utnyttja den mark som finns tillgänglig på ett så effektivt sätt som möjligt. Syftet med studien är att undersöka möjligheterna till ett reducerat parkeringstal för fastigheten Bäckaslöv 1 genom tillämpning av hållbara parkerings- och mobilitetslösningar. Vidare är syftet att tydliggöra sambandet mellan hållbar mobilitet och stadsutveckling ur ett socialt, ekologiskt och ekonomiskt perspektiv. Studiens metodval grundas i att skapa en grundläggande och bred förståelse för problemområdet, med en platsspecifik koppling till fastigheten Bäckaslöv 1. Litteraturstudier ansågs vara relevant för att förstå sambandet mellan parkeringsyta och mobilitetslösningar. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter baseras i stor utsträckning på forskning som är peer-reviewed för att säkerställa en hög reliabilitet. För den platsspecifika kopplingen har intervjuer samt en empirisk studie utförts. Intervjuerna gjordes med exploatören för fastigheten samt en representant från Växjö kommuns stadsbyggnadskontor. Den empiriska studien utfördes för att bilda en uppfattning av fastighetens geografiska läge i staden. Resultatet grundar sig i att parkeringstalet är möjligt att påverka eftersom Växjö kommun i sin parkeringsnorm antagit flexibla parkeringstal. De fundamentala delarna för att uppnå en hållbar markanvändning och samhällsutveckling konstateras i studien vara lösningar mellan parkering, mobilitet samt styrmedel för ändrade resvanor. Antalet parkeringsplatser är en fysisk tillgång, eller begränsning, som styr och reglerar såväl bil- som markanvändning. Samnyttjande av parkeringsplatser och fordon ger en minskad efterfrågan av parkeringsyta. På liknande sätt leder en transparent prissättning av parkeringsytan i kombination med ett reglerat utbud av parkering till en minskad bilanvändning och således en ökad användning av mer hållbara färdmedel. Indelningen av stadens parkeringszon påverkar antalet parkeringsplatser och är ett verktyg vid reducering av parkeringstalet. Det är viktigt att parkeringszonen aktualiseras i tidigt projekteringsskede vid exploatering, för att ta hänsyn till den kommande stadsutvecklingens parkeringsbehov. En reduktion av parkeringstalet kan emellertid ge negativa konsekvenser i form av begränsad tillgänglighet i staden. Mobilitetsplanens funktion är att ge vägledning som bidrar till mer effektivt och miljövänligt resande. Konstaterat i studien är att Växjö kommun bör ställa högre krav på mobilitetsplanen vid exploatering för att på lång sikt främja hållbart resande. Slutligen visar studien att det är möjligt att reducera parkeringstalet för fastigheten Bäckaslöv 1 vid införandet av parkerings- och mobilitetslösningar. / Every car trip starts and ends in a parking lot. For a long time, society has been designed with car accessibility in mind, which has contributed to the fact that there is now more parking space in Sweden than living space. The average car spends 97 percent of its life parked, necessitating extensive parking planning. As a result, parking spaces are not considered to promote sustainable land use, as advocated in Agenda 2030's global goals. By reducing parking space promotion, available land can be used for new housing, green areas, and a vibrant urban environment. Växjö is currently in an expansion phase, with the Project Crossways designed for the development of the new district Bäckaslöv. The Crossways project will serve as a center for innovation and development in order to achieve sustainability and global goals. As a result, it is critical to make the best use of the available land. The study's goal is to look into the possibility of reducing parking numbers for the property Bäckaslöv 1 by implementing sustainable parking and mobility solutions. Furthermore, the goal is to establish a link between sustainable mobility and urban development from a social, ecological, and economic standpoint. The results are based on the fact that the parking number can be influenced because Växjö municipality has adopted flexible parking numbers in its parking policy. The study discovered that the fundamental components for achieving sustainable land use and societal development are solutions between parking, mobility, and tools for changing travel habits. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that by implementing parking and mobility solutions, it is possible to reduce the number of parking spaces for the Bäckaslöv 1 property. To look at the journey perspective, however, high demands must be placed on parking and mobility solutions, which means that it should be easy to get to and from destination points in a sustainable way without using a car.

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This study examines multiple destination recreation trips and the economic valuation of recreation sites using the travel cost method. One common assumption of the travel cost method is that all travel costs incurred by a visitor are exclusively for a trip to a single site. However, this assumption is often invalid, particularly in the eastern United States where there are numerous recreation areas close to large urban populations. Few researchers have attempted to overcome the difficulty of incorporating multiple destination trips into the travel cost method. Those researchers that have proposed methods have not provided a definitive guideline for how to account for multiple destination trips in the travel cost method, and have not compared their methods. This study proposes a simple model to assist in understanding the varying suggestions by researchers who have attempted to incorporate multiple destination trips into travel cost analyses. The difficulty of defining a recreation good or service, the identification of recreation substitutes, and possible decision processes used by individuals to identify recreation trip destinations are also discussed. Data collected at Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, are used in a zonal travel cost model to estimate the consumers' surplus associated with on-site recreation use at the Park, and to compare proposed methods for handling multiple destination trips. The results of this study show that the travel cost method is sensitive to assumptions about multiple destination visitors, as well as which visitors are included in travel cost analyses. Consumers' surplus estimates ranged from $38 to $8249 per visitor, depending on the assumptions about multiple destination trips, and which visitors were included in the analyses. The results of this study suggest that the travel cost method can be used as an information system, rather than as a method to determine a single estimate of recreation value in monetary terms. The travel cost method is capable of providing a manager with information about relative magnitudes of willingness to pay for a resource by a variety of visitor groups. By varying the assumptions about visitors to the site, a manager can determine a range of consumers' surplus estimates, which may be more useful than a single estimate, to better assist in management decisions regarding the mixture of resources desired by individuals. / Ph. D.