The object-oriented paradigm is widely advocated and has been used in South African universities since the late 1990s. Object-oriented computer programming is based on the object-oriented paradigm where objects are the building blocks that combine data and methods in the same entity. Students' performance in object-oriented programming (OOP) is a matter of concern. In many cases they lack the ability to apply various supportive techniques in the process of programming. Efficient knowledge, skills and strategies are required during problem solving to enhance the programming process. It is often assumed that students implicitly and independently master these high-level knowledge, skills and strategies, and that teaching should focus on programming content and coding structures only. However, to be successful in the complex domain of OOP, explicit learning of both programming and supportive cognitive techniques is required. The objective of this study was to identify cognitive, metacognitive and problem-solving knowledge, skills and strategies used by successful and unsuccessful programmers in OOP. These activities were identified and evaluated in an empirical research study. A mixed research design was used, where both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to analyse participants' data. As a qualitative research practice, grounded theory was applied to guide the systematic collection of data and to generate theory. The findings suggest that successful programmers applied significantly more cognitive-, metacognitive- and problem-solving knowledge, skills and strategies, also using a greater variety, than the unsuccessful programmers. Since programming is complex, we propose a learning repertoire based on the approaches of successful programmers, to serve as an integrated framework to support novices in learning OOP. Various techniques should be used during problem solving and programming to meaningfully construct, explicitly reflect on, and critically select appropriate knowledge, skills and strategies so as to better understand, design, code and test programs. Some examples of teaching practices are also outlined as application of the findings of the study. / Mathematical Sciences / PhD. (Nathematics, Science and Tecnical Education)

Depuis la fin des années 1990, la périphérie de Marrakech connaît un étalement urbain sans précédent. Il trouve son origine dans la multiplication des complexes touristiques, mais il est dû aussi au grand nombre d’opérations immobilières périurbaines, en particulier de celles destinées à un segment de clientèle spécifique, les classes moyennes. Ces opérations immobilières sont généralement réalisées dans le cadre de la production de masse de logements, dans un contexte foncier et immobilier tendu et à un moment où se systématisent les pratiques dérogatoires en matière d’urbanisme. Notre thèse examine les pratiques et les discours des promoteurs immobiliers, lesquels se révèlent être en grande partie le résultat d’une lente « construction » rendue possible par les politiques de l’Habitat qui se sont succédé au Maroc depuis l’Indépendance. Des Marrakchis, des Marocains provenant d’autres villes du Maroc, des Marocains résidents à l’étranger et, dans une moindre mesure, des Européens peuplent ces périphéries récentes à fonction « résidentielle » dominante. Les modes d’habiter de cette population hétérogène sont placés sous le signe de la mobilité, mais leur apparente ressemblance n’en cache pas moins bien des nuances, selon que l’on a affaire à des résidents « permanents » ou à des résidents « temporaires ». / Since the end of the 1990s, unprecedented expansion has taken place on the periphery of Marrakech, Morocco. This urban sprawl is in part due both to the increased number of leisure complexes built for the tourist industry and to the large number of suburban residential developments, in particular those destined for the new urban middle classes. These new neighbourhoods, generally mass produced, were constructed in a tense land and property market at a time when a growing number of exceptions were being allowed within the main planning framework. This thesis examines both the practices and discourses of property developers. In part, these turn out to be the result of a slow shift made possible by the successive changes in the Moroccan State’s housing policy since independence in 1956. Locals (Marrakchis), Moroccans from elsewhere in the country, Moroccan residents abroad and, to a lesser extent, Europeans have settled in the new, largely residential areas on the periphery. Mobility is a key characteristic of this heterogeneous population. There are many nuances within the population’s practices, largely linked to whether the ‘settlers’ are permanent or temporary.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-11-06T19:48:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcello Henrique Dias de Moura - 2013.pdf: 3325482 bytes, checksum: 45be62e46fd5fda90d1d0561482a3d85 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-11-06T19:49:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcello Henrique Dias de Moura - 2013.pdf: 3325482 bytes, checksum: 45be62e46fd5fda90d1d0561482a3d85 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-06T19:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcello Henrique Dias de Moura - 2013.pdf: 3325482 bytes, checksum: 45be62e46fd5fda90d1d0561482a3d85 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-22 / Version Control Systems are repositories that store source code changes done by software developers. Research that extracts data from these repositories for analysis can be classified into two groups: those that focus on the development process and the ones that focus on the developers. The present dissertation investigates the second case and contributes to the field by providing: (a) the definition of a history file that summarizes changes made to software in line and file levels, (b) a set of metrics to evaluate the work of the developers; and (c) two approaches for comparing the developers based on their metrics. A computational system that implements these metrics and approaches was built and applied to two case studies of real software development projects. The results obtained in the studies were positive. They were consistent with the general perception of project managers about the work done by the developers. They also leaded to new ideas for improving the research.We believe that these contributions are a step towards a better understanding and characterization of the way about how software developers work. / Repositórios de Controle de Versão são sistemas que armazenam mudanças no código fonte realizadas por desenvolvedores de software. As pesquisas que extraem dados desses repositórios para análise podem ser classificadas em dois grupos: as que focam no processo de desenvolvimento e as que focam no desenvolvedor. O presente trabalho investiga o segundo aspecto contribuindo para o assunto com: (a) a definição de um histórico de arquivos que sumariza as mudanças realizadas no software em nível de linha e de arquivo; (b) um conjunto de métricas visando avaliar o trabalho dos desenvolvedores; e (c) duas propostas de abordagem para comparar os desenvolvedores. Um sistema computacional que implementa essas métricas e as abordagens foi construído, tendo sido aplicado em dois estudos de casos envolvendo projetos reais de desenvolvimento de software. Os resultados obtidos nos estudos foram positivos, coincidindo, em geral, com a percepção de gerentes de projetos sobre o trabalho dos desenvolvedores e apontando para novas ideias de evolução da pesquisa. Consideramos que este é um passo no sentido de entender e caracterizar melhor a forma de trabalho dos desenvolvedores.

Inom systemutveckling har utvecklare och användare länge samarbetat för att nå mer framgångsrika systemutvecklingsprojekt. Detta samarbete grundar sig i vad som brukar kallas den skandinaviska skolan eller den skandinaviska traditionen. Detta var en utveckling som var mycket tydlig i de skandinaviska länderna som innebar att man började arbeta med medbestämmande på arbetsplatser och man började involvera de tilltänkta användarna i systemutvecklingsprojekt. Detta är ursprunget till konceptet användarmedverkan som är populärt att tala om idag och som nästan ses som en nödvändighet för att nå framgångsrika projekt. Användarmedverkan står för involveringen av användare i aktiviteter under systemutvecklingsprocessen. Detta är ett utforskat tillvägagångssätt som bevisats kunna bidra med många positiva effekter till systemutvecklingsprojekt. Trots att användarmedverkan har blivit en accepterad norm blir majoriteten av alla systemutvecklingsprojekt inte framgångsrika. System är ofta inte anpassade efter användarnas villkor och i projekten finns det inte någon med makt att påverka som bevakar deras intressen. Detta väcker fråga om samverkan skulle kunna ske på andra sätt för att fånga verksamhetens behov och få framgångsrika IT-lösningar. Därför introducerar och undersöker denna studie möjligheterna kring en utvecklarmedverkan. Utvecklarmedverkan innebär en involvering av utvecklare i användares verksamhet. Det ger ett nytt fokus på användarna och innebär en samverkan där användarna har makt att påverka. I linje med detta syfte ämnar studien besvara följande tre forskningsfrågor; På vilka sätt kan utvecklare involveras i användarens verksamhet?, Vilken nytta kan man se av involveringen?, Vilka utmaningar kan man möta vid involveringen?. Studien har följt en kvalitativ metod där data har samlats in genom en litteraturstudie, samt genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna har genomförts via ett samarbete med ett konsultföretag där intervjupersoner har plockats från deras personalstyrka eller kundbas. Genom en tematisk analys har jag i studien kommit fram till att förutom att det innebär ett nytt arbetssätt där många olika roller ska samarbeta så krävs det även att man kan påvisa att den tid och pengar man lägger på utvecklarmedverkan är värd den nytta det kan bidra med. Studien lyfter den möjliga nyttan av utvecklarmedverkan dels som en allmän större förståelse mellan utvecklare och användare och dels att det möjliggör en verksamhetsförbättring för användare. / It is not a new thing for developers and users to work together in system development projects for the projects to succeed. This collaboration comes from what is known as the Scandinavian approach. This refers to a progress that took place in and was dominant in Scandinavia where codetermination in the workplace became important and they started to involve users in the decisions regarding new computer systems. The Scandinavian approach is the origin of user participation, which is well used today and almost considered necessary to reach success in system development. User participation stands for the participation of users in activities during the development. User participation is well researched and acknowledged to contribute to successful development projects. Although user participation has become established most of system development projects does not end in success. Often the systems don’t meet the needs of the users and there’s also often no one with influence that sees to their interests. This leads to the question if collaboration between developers and users could be done by other means, as a way to identify business needs and reach successful IT-solutions. Because of this, this study introduces and explores the possibilities surrounding the concept developer participation. Developer participation stands for the participation of developers in the user’s activities. This presents a new way to look at it with a new focus on the users which means collaboration where the users have the power to influence. In extension of this objective the study was set to answer these three research questions; How can developers participate in the users business?, What benefits can the participation lead to?, What challenges can the participation face?. The study was carried out with a qualitative approach where data was collected through literature and semi-structured interviews. The study was conducted with help from a consultant company which accounted for the interviewees through their staff and customer base. With a thematic coding as the analytic method the study concludes that developer participation face mainly two challenges. It means that a new approach where quite different people have to collaborate are introduced and this approach has to be proven worth the time and money it takes to use it. Furthermore the study presents a greater understanding between developers and users and an opportunity for organizational improvements on the user side as possible effects of developer participation.

This thesis studies the open dataplatform Trafiklab, which provides openaccess to data regarding public transportin Sweden. The study is from the perspective ofthird-party developersand deals with the question of how theyvalue creating mechanisms towards themcan be improved. It is based on twodifferent surveys and severalinterviews conducted with third-partydevelopers using Trafiklab. The resultsshow that Trafiklab needs to improvetheir documentation, communication,initial use, and change theirperspective and role towards thedevelopers using Trafiklab. To improveopen data, in general, a greater focus ontransparency rather then transparency issuggested. / Detta examensarbete syftar till att skapa förbättringsförslag till en specifik typ avmjukvara utifrån använderupplevelse. Detta område är inom den öppna data branschen,öppna data innebär att man öppnar upp data så att vem som helst ta del och använda sigav den. Inom kollektivtrafikbranschen distribueras öppen data via en plattform somheter Trafiklab, som ägs gemensamt av branschens parter via en organisation mednamnet Samtrafiken. Det är inom detta område som denna uppsats försöker besvarafrågan hur Trafiklab kan bli mer värdefullt för tredjepartsutvecklare utifrån enmultidisciplinär ansats. Detta kommer att genomföras genom att både försöka ta reda påvad för värde Trafiklab idag har och hur deras nätverk gör värdeskapande möjligt.Detta projekt bestod av tre delprojekt som alla byggde på varandra. Först genomfördeen förstudie att skapa en grund för vidare undersökning presenteras teori kring öppendata och plattform. En plattform är något som skapar en grund som andra aktörer kanbygga på, ett exempel på detta är Apples iPhone där andra aktörer kan byggakomplementerande applikationer. När man har plattformer som tillhandahåller öppendata är det viktig med en balans mellan kontroll och tillgänglighet, något somsammanfattas i teorin kring ”plattform gränsresurser”. Det andra delprojektet varutformades och genomfördes av en enkät, baserat delvis på en redan genomförd enkät.Detta leda till det tredje delprokelt till mer djupgående intervjuer med enkät deltagarnaför att få en mer detaljerad bild av situationen.Resultatet från studien som helhet presenteras i form av en genomgång av Samtrafikenoch Trafiklab följt av en presentation av tredjepartsutvecklares åsikter om Trafiklab.Utvecklarnas kommentarer var i grunden positiva men det fanns områden därförbättringar skulle kunna genomföras. Detta var inom områden som dokumentation,kommunikation, förenkling att börja utveckla och Trafiklabs syn påtredjepartsutvecklare och deras relation. Detta resultat sammanfattas och diskuterassedan med hjälp av de teoretiska begreppen. Där presenteras en kartläggning avTrafiklabs plattforms ekosystem. Detta följs av en mer grundläggande teoretiskdiskussion som avslutas med att ”plattform gränsresurs modellen” appliceras ochförbättringsförslag ges.Uppsatsen avslutas med att föreslå att begreppet öppen data inte enbart betonartillgänglighet men också transparens. Detta gäller både för Trafiklab och för öppen datai Sverige generellt. Några ytterligare förslag till Trafiklab och på fortsatt intressantforsking inom området ges också som avslutning.

Construction socio-spatiale héritée du XIXe siècle ayant connu un déclin dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, les quartiers de gare centrale dans les villes occidentales sont un support récent et privilégié de l’action collective urbaine. Les projets urbains que ces gares cristallisent présentent des programmations récurrentes reposant sur la mixité fonctionnelle et une orientation tertiaire affirmée. Cette thèse interroge le retournement de valeur symbolique et économique de ces espaces autrefois dévalorisés et aujourd’hui prisés. Quelles sont les modalités de la fabrique urbaine, comment se noue l’interaction nécessaire entre des acteurs publics ne pouvant intervenir seuls sur ces secteurs fortement contraints (notamment techniquement), et des acteurs privés parfois réticents à s’engager sur des marchés qu’ils jugent risqués ? En adoptant une approche inductive et qualitative, ce travail de recherche analyse la conception et la mise en œuvre de deux projets urbains aux avancements contrastés en raison de leviers d’action ou, au contraire, de points de blocages différents, dans deux anciennes villes minières devant négocier le tournant de la désindustrialisation (Saint-Étienne et Liège). Au terme de l’analyse, l’hypothèse d’une valeur assurantielle de la gare dans ces projets urbains est validée : en tant que ferment métropolitain vecteur de fortes potentialités, la gare centrale desservie par un train à grande vitesse est la condition de possibilité permettant d’enclencher non seulement la décision des acteurs publics mais aussi celle des acteurs privés, au premier rang desquels les promoteurs immobiliers, acteurs clés à l’interface entre l’action publique et l’investissement privé / The railway station areas of the 19th Century were a reflection of the Industrial revolution. Following a period of decay after the Second World War, the urban renewal of these areas is now one of the main concerns of local governments in European cities. In addition to a new railway station served by high speed trains, these urban projects are often based on functional diversity, including a business district.This thesis addresses the reversal of urban value in these specific urban areas, exploring how they have moved from repelling to attractive places. How do public and private actors interact, when the former cannot act alone in places constrained by physical barriers due to a lack of funding, and the latter are not inclined to invest in what they consider to be risky places?Our approach is both inductive and qualitative. The comparison of two projects in French and Belgian shrinking cities (Saint-Etienne, near Lyons, and Liège, near Brussels) allows us to understand what the levers for action are, and conversely what the bottlenecks are that slow down the implementation of the urban project around the station.As the result of our analysis, the railway station appears to be a positive and necessary factor for the reversal of urban value in these areas. It is a kind of insurance – in the same way as metropolitan areas create potentiality in the productive economy – both for public actors, as the railway station facilitates their mobilisation, and private ones, especially property developers, who are key elements in the relationship between public action and private investment

Thesis title: Public interest, politics and developers The thesis deals with issues of public interest, politicians and developers. The aim of the thesis is to map the conditions for new buildings and determine what the public interest is in urban planning. The thesis is focuses mainly on the territory of Prague. For that purpose thesis analyze the relationships between terms and analysis of the legal framework and a description of practical experience in construction. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is divided into two main parts and is dedicated to the term of public interest, first from the interdisciplinary and subsequently from the legally perspective. This chapter provides a better understanding and grasp of the term. In the first part thesis interprets the works of prominent thinkers who work with the term, especially the genesis of the words "public" and "interest". This is followed by a search for a corrective to the capitalist view of the public interest, as well as view of the public interest as the interest of certain groups, as well as modeling system to determine public interest in the decisions of politicians. The second part analyzes the term based on the analysis of case law and legislation. The second chapter focuses on the conditions for the placement...

Test driven development [TDD] is an iterative technique where unit   tests are written before production code. General idea is that quality,   especially code design, improves with usage of TDD. Previous studies have had   difficulties proving these benefits. Qualitative studies about TDD are rare   and a deeper understanding how developers’ view relates to usage of TDD has   been sought after. How experience affects usage and perception about TDD is   of particular interest, and the study’s basis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three experienced and   three inexperienced developers in a qualitative survey study. Obvious   differences could be determined by letting those groups represent the   experience range that exists. A deductive thematic analysis was performed with   the help of a theoretical framework. Results show that   workplace’s culture greatly affects how TDD is used. TDD is not commonly used   and low adherence to protocol is also made visible. Differences in basic view   about TDD is evident as well – creation of the code’s design is starting   point for experienced developers, inexperienced use TDD as a tool in creation   of unit tests and to control system correctness. / Testdriven utveckling [TDD]   är en iterativ teknik där enhetstest skrivs före produktionskod. Tanken är   att kvalité och framförallt design av kod förbättras vid användning av TDD.   Tidigare studier visar svårigheter att bevisa dessa vinster. Kvalitativa   studier är ovanliga i forskning om TDD och en djupare förståelse hur TDD   används från utvecklarens synvinkel har eftersökts. Hur erfarenhet påverkar   användning och uppfattning om TDD är särskilt intressant, och fungerar som   studiens grund. Semistrukturerade   intervjuer utfördes med tre erfarna och tre oerfarna utvecklare i en   kvalitativ tvärsnittsstudie. Genom att låta grupperna representera det   erfarenhetsspann som existerar kunde tydliga skillnader synliggöras. En   deduktiv tematisk analys genomfördes med hjälp av ett teoretiskt ramverk. Studien visar framförallt   att arbetsplatsens kultur påverkar stort hur TDD används. TDD används inte i   särskilt stor utsträckning och låg regelmässighet blev även synliggjort.   Förutom detta visades skillnader i grundläggande syn över TDD – skapande av   kodens design är utgångspunkt för erfarna utvecklare, oerfarna använder TDD   som verktyg att skapa tester och kontrollera systemets korrekthet.

The subject of this master's thesis is valuing of financial situation of company based on financial analyses. Due to results we can reccomend many variants of investment of their free finances. In the practical part of this thesis we can find optimal and profitable variant with reasons and calculations that I can reccomend to company.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of acquisition and selection of software developers with an emphasis on current trends in this area. With regard to demand of labour market for software developers, HR professionals are required to take an innovative approach in their acquisition and selection. The personnel officers are also expected to have a basic orientation in technical terms and an overview of used technologies. The aim of this thesis is to identify significant changes in the acquisition and selection of software developers with an emphasis on current trends. The thesis presents the specifics of work in the software development industry, the position of the software developer within the ICT professions system, the category of software developers or the competency model of a software development worker. The theoretical sources are mainly current foreign articles. The thesis is supplemented by its own empirical survey, which verifies the experience of software developers with the application of the latest trends in the process of recruitment and selection of employers in the Czech Republic.