O presente trabalho discute as relações que podem ser estabelecidas entre forma literária e sociedade contemporânea no romance Eles eram muitos cavalos do escritor mineiro Luiz Ruffato. Para tanto, será analisada essa relação no mundo grego, no romance burguês do século XIX, no Modernismo do início do século XX para então chegarmos à contemporaneidade. Vendo as características textuais do romance de Luiz Ruffato, é possível que se estabeleçam nexos muito fortes com a sociedade brasileira contemporânea, ficando claro, assim, que literatura e sociedade dialogam também em termos textuais, como o gênero e desestruturação da sintaxe e da pontuação tradicional, por exemplo. Nesse sentido, o romance Eles eram muitos cavalos é importante para se refletir sobre forma literária e sociedade brasileira contemporânea. / This paper discusses the relationships that can be established between literary form and contemporary society in the romance Eles eram muitos cavalos from the Brazilian author Luiz Ruffato. Thus, we examined this relationship in the Greek world, the bourgeois novel of the nineteenth century, modernism in the early twentieth century then we get to the present. Seeing the textual characteristics of the novel by Luiz Ruffato, it may be established very strong links with the contemporary Brazilian society, becoming clear, therefore, that literature and society dialogue also in textual terms, such as gender and disruption of syntax and traditional punctuation for example. In this sense, the novel Eles eram muitos cavalos is important to reflect on literary form and contemporary Brazilian society.

Esta tese tem como objetivo a análise e interpretação do sentido histórico, estético, político e literário das tensões dialéticas expostas na obra do escritor russo Fiodor Dostoiévski. Na primeira parte (tese), Dostoiévski e o fetichismo da forma mercadoria, a análise da obra de Dostoiévski nos leva às tensões e às afinidades eletivas que enredam duas vertentes: a polifonia proposta pelo crítico russo Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975), em Problemas da Poética de Dostoiévski (1929/1963), e a dialética materialista, sobretudo a partir da Teoria Estética (1968), do autor frankfurtiano Theodor Adorno (1903-1969). Trata-se de totalizar as aporias do concerto polifônico, de modo que, dialeticamente, o transcurso analítico desvele a mimese imanente da forma mercadoria como o sentido histórico-tautológico da forma dostoievskiana, sobretudo a partir de Memórias do Subsolo (1864). Na segunda parte (antítese), O conteúdo em Dostoiévski como a cicatrização do espírito rumo à utopia?, procuramos estruturar a filosofia da história que transpassa a obra do escritor russo. Os diálogos dostoievskianos envolvendo socialismo e cristianismo nos fazem correlacionar as discussões estabelecidas nesse sentido em Recordações da Casa dos Mortos (1862), Notas de Inverno sobre Impressões de Verão (1863), Memórias do Subsolo (1864), Crime e Castigo (1866), O Idiota (1869), Os Demônios (1872) e, fundamentalmente, em dois capítulos de Os Irmãos Karamázov (1879): A Revolta e O Grande Inquisidor. Ao fim e ao cabo e como um prenúncio de superação (Aufhebung) o conteúdo dostoievskiano da história como o movimento dialético rumo à utopia nos faz colocar em diálogo o conto O sonho de um homem ridículo (1877) com o conceito de cicatrização do espírito, que o filósofo alemão Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770- 1831) desenvolve em sua Filosofia da História (1837). / The aim of this dissertation is to analyse and interpret the historical, aesthetic, political and literary meaning of the dialectical tensions exposed in the work of the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. On the first part (thesis), Dostoevsky and the Fetishism of Commodity Form, the analysis of Dostoevskys work takes us to both tensions and elective affinities which intertwine two perspectives: polyphony, as it is proposed by the Russian critic Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975), in Problems of Dostoevskys Poetics (1929/1963), and materialist dialectics, mainly from the Aesthetic Theory (1968), by the German author Theodor Adorno (1903-1969). The aim is to totalize the polyphonic concerts aporias, so that the analysis dialectically unveils the immanent mimesis of commodity form as the historical and tautological meaning of Dostoevskys form, mainly from Notes from Underground (1864). On the second part (antithesis), Dostoevskys Content as the Healing of the Spirit towards Utopia?, we try to structure the philosophy of history which is established through the authors work. Dostoevskys dialogues which intertwine socialism and Christianity make us correlate the discussions which are established in Memoirs from the House of the Dead (1862), Winter Notes on Summer Impressions (1863), Notes from Underground (1864), Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1869), The Devils (1872) and, essentially, in two chapters of The Brothers Karamazov (1879): The Revolt and The Grand Inquisitor. Finally and as a harbinger of an overcoming (Aufhebung) Dostoevskys content of history as a dialectical movement towards utopia makes us put into dialogue the short story The dream of a ridiculous man (1877) with the concept of healing of the spirit, which the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) develops in his Philosophy of History (1837).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T13:54:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manoel Pinto Santos.pdf: 704774 bytes, checksum: 7e3f990074153669568221d5cba74ffd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-21 / Study of the observable advancements in the discussion conceitual of the School Democratic Management, as well as of the institutional instruments of his implementation created by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The approach of these institutional instruments of management Pedagogic-politician keeps to the bibliographical analysis of some theoretical formulations of School Advice and of Project. The School Democratic Management is conceived like a historical construction, so, I prosecute and political, technical and cultural product of the social dialectics that, while demystifying the reality, sets the contradictions out links it inherent. Also his intrinsic vinculação recognizes to a social totality well more abrangente, which understands and interconnects the place and the global thing. The work is ruled by the preoccupation in try to establish the maximum of coherence between the referential system announced theoretician - metodológico and the effective work of analysis of the object of the present inquiry. In this way, there valued herself the historicização of the constituent categories of the nucleus conceitual of the thematic School Democratic Management. There were opted to stand out the economical, political and cultural restrictions, the contradictions inherent in the social and school reality and also the resultant conflicts of the shock between the different conceptions that dispute the control of the society in all the spaces and persistence sociopolíticas, particularly the conflict between the Instrumental Reason and the Dialectic Reason. / Estudo dos avanços observáveis no debate conceitual da Gestão Escolar Democrática, bem como dos instrumentos institucionais de sua implementação criados pela Constituição Federal de 1988. O enfoque desses instrumentos institucionais de gestão se atém à análise bibliográfica de algumas formulações teóricas de Conselho Escolar e de Projeto Político-Pedagógico. Concebe-se a Gestão Escolar Democrática como uma construção histórica, portanto, processo e produto político, técnico e cultural da dialética social que, ao desmistificar a realidade, explicita as contradições a ela inerentes. Também se reconhece sua intrínseca vinculação a uma totalidade social bem mais abrangente, que compreende e interliga o local e o global. O trabalho se pauta pela preocupação em tentar estabelecer o máximo de coerência entre o referencial teórico-metodológico anunciado e o efetivo trabalho de análise do objeto da presente pesquisa. Desse modo, valorizou-se a historicização das categorias constituintes do núcleo conceitual da temática Gestão Escolar Democrática. Optou-se por ressaltar os condicionantes econômicos, políticos e culturais, as contradições inerentes à realidade social e escolar e também os conflitos resultantes do choque entre as diferentes concepções que disputam o controle da sociedade em todos os espaços e instâncias sociopolíticas, particularmente o conflito entre a Razão Instrumental e a Razão Dialética.

Partant d'un questionnement sur la logique de la pratique comme enjeu central de la vie intellectuelle française des années 1960, ce travail propose d'articuler une rencontre entre les pensées de Foucault et de Sartre. Sans minimiser leurs divergences, par quoi on a coutume de les opposer dans le cadre de la querelle de l'humanisme, il s'agit de faire apparaître un enjeu commun aux deux auteurs : la proposition d'une mise en intelligibilité de la pratique, entée sur un matériau historique dûment circonscrit. Cette rencontre permet de revisiter les notions de praxis, de généalogie, de politique de la vérité. Cela implique tout un renouvellement du geste théorique du côté d'une pensée en situation commune à l'intellectuel universel et à l'intellectuel spécifique, d'une pratique « historico-philosophique » soucieuse de saisir à bonne distance son objet – les « ensembles pratiques » – sans le déréaliser ni le surplomber, dans un rapport complexe entre passé et présent. L'espace théorique ainsi ouvert entre Foucault et Sartre sur cette question de l'intelligibilité de la pratique est également l'occasion d'une confrontation avec Marx et les marxismes (Althusser principalement), ainsi qu'avec les sciences sociales (Bourdieu surtout). / By questioning the logic of practice as the main topic of intellectual life in France in the 1960s, we shall undertake a confrontation between the ideas of Foucault and Sartre. Without playing down their differences of opinion, which have often been emphasized by the humanist dispute, we shall endeavor to bring forward a topic these two authors share: the proposal of an attempt at the intelligibility of practice, based on a duly defined historic material. Such a confrontation will enable us to examine thoroughly the notions of praxis, genealogy, and the politics of truth. This will entail radically new theories about a “situated thought” shared by both the universal intellectual and the specific intellectual, about a “historic and philosophical” practice which will not hold its object – the “practical ensembles” too close and will not derealize or overhang it, in a complex relation between past and present. The theoretical space which is open in this manner between Foucault and Sartre on the question of the intelligibility of practice also permits a confrontation with Marx and marxisms (Althusser mainly), as well as with social sciences (Bourdieu mostly).

The impact of computer-mediated communication (CMC) on relational behavior is a topic of increasing interest to communication scholars (McQuillen, 2003; Tidwell & Walther, 2002). One of the most interesting issues that CMC raises concerns the impact of CMC on relational maintenance and development. Using dialectical theory, social exchange theory, social information processing theory, and the hyperpersonal perspective as theoretical frameworks, this study used quantitative and qualitative analyses to identity potential effects of CMC on relationships. Study 1 (n=317) examined the effects of CMC on relational closeness, satisfaction, and social support. Study 2 (n=196) explored the reasons individuals provide for privileging computer-mediated forms of communication, and the perceived effects of using CMC in relational communication. Results indicated that quality of CMC predicted increased perceptions of social support and relationship satisfaction. Results further suggested that CMC enabled participants to manage more effectively relational tensions of autonomy-connection and openness-closedness. Specifically, individuals used CMC to retain higher levels of conversational control, and to maintain greater numbers of relationships with decreased levels of investment. This paper concludes with a discussion of implications and directions for future research.

Au Canada, les diplomates de carrière sont mutés à l’étranger tout au long de leur carrière. En raison de la nature intrinsèquement internationale et interculturelle du travail diplomatique, des compétences en communication interculturelle (CCI) sont essentielles aux diplomates. Pourtant, les études consacrées à la CCI et à l'expatriation ont négligé cette population, utilisant plutôt des échantillons de voyageurs, d'expatriés du secteur privé ou d'étudiants en échange universitaire. Partant du principe que les diplomates sont des expatriés particuliers en raison de leur situation spéciale à l’étranger, cette étude a pour objectif de remédier à cette lacune dans la littérature. Utilisant une méthodologie qualitative, cette étude examine les expériences d’affectation à l’étranger de diplomates canadiens à travers l’optique conceptuelle de la CCI. Les données ont été recueillies à travers des entretiens individuels semi-structurés avec douze diplomates canadiens, et analysées selon une approche dialectique combinant les principes de la théorie de la dialectique relationnelle et du postmodernisme. L’analyse a identifié cinq tensions dialectiques, trois au niveau individuel et deux au niveau organisationnel. Ce mémoire contribue à la littérature interculturelle en théorisant la CCI en tant que concept organisationnel, en repensant la compétence en tant que gestion durable de dialectiques et en réfléchissant la CCI sur une échelle de temps de moyen terme. / In Canada, career foreign service employees are posted abroad on a rotational basis throughout their career. Because of the inherently international and intercultural nature of diplomatic work, intercultural communication competenies are essential for diplomats. Yet, studies examining intercultural communication competence (ICC) and expatriation have neglected this population, instead employing samples of sojourners, private sector expatriates or exchange students. Based on the premise that diplomats are particular expatriates because of their special circumstances abroad, this study aims to remedy this gap in the literature. Using qualitative methodology, this study examines the experiences on posting of Canadian diplomats through the conceptual lens of ICC. Data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews with twelve Canadian diplomats on posting, and analyzed through a dialectical approach combining tenets of relational dialectics theory and postmodernism. Analysis identified five dialectical tensions, three which interplayed at the individual level and two which interplayed at the organizational level. This thesis contributes to the intercultural literature by theorizing ICC as an organizational-level construct, by re-thinking competence as the sustainable management of dialectics, and by considering ICC on a meso-time scale.

Makala hii inachanganua wahusika na dhana kuu zinazosawiriwa katika riwaya ya Kiza Katika Nuru (1988) ya Said Ahmed Mohamed kwa kuzingatia mihimili ya mojawapo ya mikabala ya Umarxi Mpya, mkabala wa mwanafalsafa na mwananadharia kutoka Marekani ya Kilatini, Paulo Freire. Kiini cha mkabala huu wa umarxi-mpya ni kukosoa na kutupilia mbali mitazamo kuhusu elimu inayomnyima mwanafunzi fursa ya kujifunza kutokana na mazingira yake. Uchambuzi huu unabainisha jinsi Umarxi Mpya wa Kifreire unavyofaa kwa kuchambua riwaya ya Kiza Katika Nuru, na riwaya nyingine za Kiswahili zinazofanana nayo. / This article analyses characters and main concepts in Said Ahmed Mohamed’s novel Kiza katika Nuru (Darkness in Light) through applying tenets of one of the Neo-Marxist theories, namely the Freirean one. Paul Freire’s Neo-Marxist theory is primarily associated with the Latin American environment and centres around the debunking of the banking concept education as a modus operand of revolution. This analysis demonstrates how Freirean Neo-Marxism is relevant and appropriate to the understanding and interpretation of Kiza Katika Nuru and other Kiswahili novels that are similar to it.

Tomando como punto de partida el proceso revisión de los fundamentos matemáticos llevado a cabo durante el siglo XIX, este estudio se centra en uno de los conceptos matemáticos más importantes: el infinito. Es innegable la importancia de este concepto en el avance de las Matemáticas y es fácil encontrar ejemplos matemáticos en los que interviene (definición de límite, definición de derivada, definición de integral de Riemann, entre otras). Debido a que algunas de las paradojas y contradicciones originadas por la falta de rigor en las Matemáticas están relacionadas con este concepto, se comienza con el estudio epistemológico del concepto matemático del infinito revisando la bipolaridad que presentan algunos conceptos semánticos, definidos de forma inseparable y conjunta, constituyendo un único concepto como si representaran los polos de un imán. En este estudio se concluye que la bipolaridad revela que una lógica conceptual que puede asumir la comprensión de la negación, debe ser una lógica dialéctica, es decir que admite como verdaderas algunas contradicciones. En el caso del concepto matemático de lo finito-infinito, nos encontramos de nuevo con una bipolaridad lógica. Por todo lo expuesto se presenta una teoría no cantoriana para el infinito potencial y actual, basada en la imprecisión lingüística del concepto de infinito, y utilizando el concepto de conjunto homógono, formado por una sucesión convergente y su límite, previamente introducido por Leibniz, que permite aunar los dos polos del concepto de infinito en un único conjunto. Esta nueva teoría de conjuntos permitirá presentar en lenguaje homogónico, algunos de los conceptos fundamentales del análisis tales como, la diferencial y la integral, así como algunas aplicaciones a la Óptica y a la Mecánica Cuántica. Posteriormente se presenta la categoría lógica de la oposición cualitativa a través de diferentes ejemplos de diversas áreas de la ciencia, y se define, a través de tres reglas o normas básicas, el paso de la lógica aristotélica o analítica a la lógica sintética, que incluye al neutro como parte de la oposición cualitativa. Con la aplicación de estas normas a la oposición cualitativa y, en particular, a su neutro, se demuestra que la lógica sintética permite la verdad de algunas contradicciones. Esta lógica sintética es dialéctica y multivaluada y da a cada proposición un valor de verdad en el intervalo [0,1], que coincide con el cuadrado del módulo de un número complejo. Esto marca una notable novedad respecto de la lógica aristotélica o analítica que otorga valores de verdad reales, o incluso a la lógica difusa que, a pesar de ser una lógica multivaluada otorga valores de verdad reales en el intervalo [0,1]. En esta lógica dialéctica, las contradicciones del neutro de una oposición pueden ser verdaderas. Finalmente se plantea la aplicación de la lógica dialéctica, a la Mecánica Cuántica, cuyo carácter es no determinista y en la que es posible encontrar ejemplos de situaciones contradictorias debido a la dualidad onda-corpúsculo. Para ello se establece un isomorfismo entre la lógica dialéctica y la teoría de la probabilidad, a la que se añade el concepto de fortuidad, precisamente para reflejar el carácter no determinista.

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This study explores the discourses related to forced migration in the aftermath of disruptive emergencies through a case study of Turkey. 2 devastating earthquakes hit ten provinces on February 6, 2023, with magnitudes of 7.7 and 7.6, and over 50,000 lives were lost In Turkey. 1.7 million refugees were residing in earthquake-affected provinces. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of meaning construction by host community members around refugees in the context of a disruptive emergency, using the Relational Dialectics Theory (RDT 2.0), theory of securitization, and human security to analyze online narratives of the earthquake and refugees. The study adopts a qualitative approach, with a case study design drawing on the method of contrapuntal analysis. This study's findings contribute to understanding the discursive interplay between Securitized Discourse (SD) and Humanizing Discourse (HD) in the aftermath of disruptive emergencies and shed light on the meaning construction by host community members around refugees. Additionally, this study extends the use of Relational Dialectics Theory (RDT 2.0) and the theory of securitization in the analysis of online narratives of crises. The focus of the study is to investigate the different discourses surrounding refugees after disasters, without intending to provide an analysis of the political actions or a moral assessment of the competing discourses. Limitations of the study include the use of online data and a specific platform within a specific time frame.