Skolan har ett viktigt uppdrag när det kommer till extra anpassningar. Både svensk och internationell forskning lägger fokus på samarbete bland alla skolans professioner i utformningen av olika stödåtgärder (Scherp & Scherp, 2007; Hernandez, 2013; m.fl.). Lärare i denna studie utrycker vikten av att ett sådant samarbete. Detta samarbete ska enligt dem inte bara gälla lärare emellan, utan samtlig personal på skolan. I denna studie framkommer det att de intervjuade lärarna hade en mer bred uppfattning av begreppet extra anpassningar, än vad som anges i Skolverkets allmänna råd på området (Skolverket, 2014a). Denna mer breda uppfattning handlade inte bara om elever i svårigheter utan kan snarare kopplas samman med begrepp som allmänna anpassningar, eller individuella anpassningar. De ser anpassningar i allmänna ordalag som extremt viktiga för att alla elevers möjligheter till utveckling och lärande. Exempel på mer allmänna anpassningar var anpassningar för elevernas intresse och anpassningar för studiemotiverade elever. I denna studie framträder även läraryrkets dubbla uppdrag tydligt. Detta dubbla uppdrag handlar om att få eleverna att utvecklas mot kunskapskraven och ett demokratiskt fostrande uppdrag. Det framkommer att lärarna upplever båda dessa uppdrag som drivande i deras anpassningsarbete, vilket blir särskilt tydligt inom ämnet samhällskunskap. / The school has an important assignment when it comes to additional adaptations. Both Swedish and international research focuses on cooperation among all the schools' professions in the making of various support measures (Scherp & Scherp, 2007; Hernandez, 2013; m.fl.). Teachers in this study emphasize the importance of such cooperation. According to them, this cooperation should not only apply to teachers, but to all staff active within the school organisation. In this study, it is found that the interviewed teachers had a broader idea of the concept of additional adaptations then what is stated in Skolverkets Education's general advice on the subject in question (Skolverket, 2014). This broader view was not only about students with difficulties, but could rather be linked to concepts such as general adaptations, or individual adaptations. They see adaptations in general terms as extremely important for all pupils' opportunities for development and learning. Examples of more general adaptations were adaptations for student interests and adaptations for more study motivated students. In this study, the dual mission of the teaching profession becomes apparent. This dual mission is about getting students to evolve toward the knowledge requirements and a democratically fostering mission. It appears that the teachers experience both of these missions as a driving force in their adaptation work, which becomes particularly clear in the field of social sciences.

This study aims to investigate how a number of students who are at the end of a teachers’ educations program in social studies, geography, religion and history interpret that the national curriculums states that every teacher is responsible for students language development and should be supportive of language backgrounds. In the light of the curriculums the study explores how the teacher education students feel that the education has prepared them for teaching children with Swedish as a second language. The study also examines how the teacher education students think that the teacher education could improve in matters like preparing future teachers to teach social studies, geography, religion and history to second language children. The study is based on interviews with seven university students and shows that they feel a responsibility to develop their future students’ language. It also shows that the teacher education students don’t experience that their education has addressed these challenges. The study also reveals that the participants understand the difficulties with teaching second language students. A lot of their thoughts on the subject are similar to what previous research stresses as central to teaching these students despite that the teacher education students don’t feel prepared. The question of possible improvement in the teacher education shows that the participants in the study believe that there is room for improvement in the teacher education regarding second language students.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur elever i årskurs 1 på gymnasiet uppfattar att de, inom ramen för kursen Samhällskunskap 1b, kan använda en samhällsvetenskaplig analysmodell för att analysera ett samhällsproblem. Studien utgår från två forskningsfrågor: Hur uppfattar elever på gymnasiets högskoleförberedande program att de ska använda analysmodellen? Vilka olika kvaliteter kan skilja mellan en utvecklad och en mindre utvecklad uppfattning av hur analysmodellen ska användas? Undersökningen tar sin utgångspunkt i en yrkeserfarenhet av att elever ofta undrar hur de ska bli bättre på att analysera. Metoden som använts är att 50 elever besvarat en analysuppgift som syftade till att analysera varför ungdomar inte engagerar sig i det formella, demokratiska arbetet. Till hjälp att utreda frågan hade elevgruppen tillgång till analysmodell och källmaterial från den senaste demokratiutredningen, Låt fler forma framtiden! De svar som samlades in analyserades med en fenomenografisk metod, som syftar till att kategorisera olika uppfattningar som undersökningsgruppen har kring hur analysmodellen ska användas. Resultatet, utfallsrummet, är 6 beskrivningskategorier som skiljer sig avseende hur analysmodellen behandlas, strukturell aspekt, och i vad som behandlas i svaret, referentiell aspekt. Den mest avancerade hanteringen av analysmodellen ser dess delar som en helhet och som en struktur, samt väver in material från källor som stöd för sin argumentation. Den minst avancerade hanteringen behandlar, utan koppling till källor, endast en enstaka del av analysmodellen. I analysarbetet kartläggs också de kritiska aspekter som undervisning behöver fokusera på för att hjälpa eleven från en mindre avancerad uppfattning till en mer avancerad uppfattning, det vill säga för att lära sig att analysera med mer kvalité. Den mest centrala kritiska aspekten visar sig vara att se hur källmaterial är bas för en mer vetenskaplig analys. / It is the writer’s professional experience that upper secondary students often wonder how to improve their skills in analytic reasoning. The aim of this study is to examine conceptions of Swedish upper secondary school-students when it comes to use a model for analytical reasoning in the course Social studies 1b. The research questions are: How do upper secondary student perceive the usage of a model for analytic reasoning? Which qualitative differences can there be between a less complex and a complex conception of the model for analytic reasoning? The research method has been to give an analytic task to 50 upper secondary students aiming to analyze the problem with the diminishing engagement among Swedish youth in the formal democracy process. The participantswere asked to analyze this problem by using the analytic model and a number of sources originating from the Commission on Democracy Report (2014). The student´s answers where analyzed by a Phenomenographic method aiming to find categories of student´s conceptions of the skill of analyzing according to the model. The result, called the learning outcome, was 6 hierarchically structured categories of conceptions, differing from one another in how the analytic model was perceived, the structural aspect, and of how the content of the analysis was handled, the referential aspect. The most complex conception of the analytic model was to perceive it parts as a whole and also use its disposition as a model for the structure of their answers. The least complex conception only handle singular parts of the analytic model and does not use the source material as a factual base for their reasoning. The most central critical aspect to consider when designing teaching for improving the student´s analytic skills is to make them discern the need for source based reasoning if the aim is to develop a more scientific approach.