Title: Basal metabolism and nutritional intervention for people with spinal cord injuries Objectives: The main objective of this work was empirical research of case evaluation studies (n = 3), where we analyzed: the relationship between energy expenditure (basal metabolism) and energy intake for people diagnosed with spinal cord injury (SCI). The secondary objective was to determine whether the changes in macronutrient distribution and daily energy intake would result in a decrease in body weight and body fat for individual probands. The pilot study in our work was focused on the overview of variable basal metabolism (BM) values for people with SCI. Methods: In our work, we used the method of indirect calorimetry to measure BM and together with the value of working metabolism we determined in the nutritional intervention (n. i.) the ideal energy intake for our probands. We observed primarily measurable changes in the amount of fat and muscle tissue. Results: We have found that, in keeping with the prescribed n. i. rules, all probands achieved to reduce their body weight. The average body weight loss for probands was 0.29 ± 0.02 kg per week. BM values in our pilot study were 15 to 61% lower for our probands (n = 15) and did not correlate with the height of SCI. Key words: spinal cord injury (SCI),...

Good dietary habits and healthy diet, as part of sports training of gymnasts, have often been neglected. The thesis summarises the available information and recommendations on an optimal diet for young gymnasts. The aim of the thesis is to compare the approaches of coaches and parents of gymnasts from three Prague gymnastics clubs to dietary habits of younger school-age gymnasts. Non-standardized questionnaires were used in the thesis and the results of the survey conducted among a group of coaches and a group of parents of younger school- age gymnasts were compared using the comparative method. The output of the thesis is a comparison of the approaches of coaches and parents to dietary habits of gymnasts. It was concluded that parents have a more consistent approach to dietary habits, monitoring changes in their children's weight and body height more frequently. Proper water intake is observed by coaches more thoroughly. Keywords: gymnastics, dietary habits, coach, parents.

This diploma thesis deals with the theme of nutrition habits in students from the medical faculties. The theoretical part describes importance of nutrition and nutrients in human nourishment. There are also mentioned dietary guidlines and the most common mistakes in nutrition in this age group. There are also analyzed student life problems like stress, lack of sleep and physical activities and improper nutrition habits. Finally one part of the theoretical part describes the importance of nutrition classes in medical schools, which is often insufficiently included in the curriculum. The aim of the practical part is to find out awareness of students from the medical faculties about basics of rational nutrition and their nutrition habits. The aim of this research is also to find out the frequency of consumption of some groups of food. The necessary data were obtained by a questionnaire survey, which then were recorded in graphs. The questionnaire was uploaded to several groups of medical student. The entire questionnaire was completed by 260 students. It was find out that students don't know the basics about nutrition. Therefore the curriculum should be improved. Two third of students are interested in composition of their diet. It was find out that the consumption of fruit, vegetables, cereals and...

Objective To evaluate the relationship between dietary habits, physical activity and cognitive views and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese women. Design A cross-sectional study to explore the potential risk factors of GMD through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, an FFQ and a self-designed structured questionnaire, respectively. Setting Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Subjects Chinese pregnant women (n 571) who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at their 24th to 28th gestational week. Results Thirteen per cent of the investigated women were identified as having GDM, and an increased intake of local featured foods and lower physical activity were observed in the GDM-positive group v. The GDM-negative group. Women who regarded early-pregnancy morning sickness as relevant to fetal abnormalities and those with unlimited dietary intake after the ending of morning sickness both had an increased risk for GDM (P = 0·018 and P = 0·038, respectively). After multiple logistic regression analysis, cognitive views for unlimited food intake subsequent to morning sickness, increased consumption of energy-dense snack foods and high-glycaemic-index fruits were strongly associated with the risk of GDM (OR = 1·911, P = 0·032; OR = 1·050, P = 0·001; and OR = 1·002, P = 0·017, respectively). Conclusions Local featured foods and incorrect cognitive views on pregnancy-related health were closely related to the risk of GDM in Chinese women. Intensive health education about pregnancy physiology and reasonable dietary and physical exercise behaviours should be strengthened for the control of GDM.

The purpose of this study was to determine if cardiac nutrition education can affect dietary patterns of subjects participating in Cardiac Rehabilitation. Surveys, a pretest given prior to the first cardiac class and a second identical test, administered following cardiac rehabilitation classes, were conducted. Fifty-five randomly selected participants from the outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Program were initially given the posttest. Thirty-three of the 55 surveys were returned. Cardiac health classes offered by various health professionals included cardiac nutrition education, group nutrition classes, guest lectures on nutrition, and cooking demonstrations. The tests were compared to measure changes in diet and were analyzed for both surveys. Paired t-tests were used for analysis along with frequency, percentage and group statistics. The majority of the respondents demonstrated a statistically significant healthy increase in dietary changes after having participated in the classes.

In this study, we wanted to investigate, analyze and compare staff working in groups of children and the views of guardians regarding children's dietary habits in preschool. This to be able to draw conclusions about whether the collaboration works, whether it´s sufficient to promote children's dietary habits and who they believe the responsibility rests most heavily on. The Swedish National Agency for Education (2018) highlights how collaboration between home and preschool is an important part of children's ability to develop in a versatile way. Previous research and other sources presented in the study highlight the importance of nutrition in children's lifestyles and the importance of adults acting as good role models. A questionnaire survey has been carried out aimed at both staff and guardians in preschool. The questionnaire was sent to both groups in a municipality in central Sweden. For further analysis of the questions, we used a quantitative method approach which, according to Bryman (2018), is used for statistical conclusions and comparisons. The results of the study show that there is a functioning collaboration in the municipality. In the majority of the questions, the respondent groups answered in agreement with each other, which indicates an overall consensus on the subject. However, a difference is revealed in how often there is communication about children's dietary habits, where guardians believe that it happens more rarely.  The study's conclusion highlights that the topic is important for both staff and guardians, but that the municipality's preschools could possibly review how they can integrate the guardians into the health promotion work to achieve more continuous communication. The importance of nutritional education and its role in the preschool's activities is also highlighted, as well as the importance of adults who touch the children's everyday lives having a great responsibility in promoting children's dietary habits.

The purpose of this quantitative survey study was to examine if there were any associations between subjective self-rated health, workload and scheduling in relation to habits involving diet and physical activity among personal assistants. This study was carried out as an online based survey where all the participants was selected nonrandomly through one single private company in the middle regions of Sweden. Associations were tested through cross table analysis, also known as Chi2-tests. No associations was established in regards to the thesis main purpose. However, some associations could be drawn between the participants’ willingness to change their current dietary- and exercise habits and their current habits. The main conclusion from this study was that further research is needed amongst personal assistants to determine how their professional life relates to their dietary and exercise habits. / Många människor arbetar i dag som personliga assistenter och den yrkeskategori som detta arbete ingår i är idag den tredje största i Sverige och är idag den yrkeskategori som sysselsätter flest kvinnor i landet. Trots detta så är mängden forskning som bedrivits inom detta yrkes arbetsförutsättningar ytterst begränsad. Syftet med denna undersökning var att kartlägga vilka vardagliga rutiner kring kost och fysisk aktivitet som fanns bland de anställda som arbetar som personliga assistenter på ett privat företag. Studien ämnade undersöka huruvida några associationer kunde dras mellan de anställdas allmänna hälsotillstånd, nivån av sysselsättning, arbetsschema och deras vanor kring kost och fysisk aktivitet. Studien var av kvantitativ design där informationen hämtades från studiepopulationen via en online-baserad enkät. Urvalet var icke-randomiserat där hela den möjliga studiepopulationen erbjöds att delta. Deltagarna kontaktades via SMS och av 420 möjliga deltagare så låg svarsresponsen på 22 %. Utifrån insamlad data så kunde inga associationer dras mellan allmänt hälsotillstånd, nivå av sysselsättning, arbetsschema och deltagarnas kost- och motionsvanor. Däremot så kunde associationer göras mellan deltagarnas önskan om att ändra sina kost- och motionsvanor och hur deras vanor för tillfället såg ut. Övergripande så kunde deltagarnas kostvanor beskrivas som regelbundna och de ägnade sig huvudsakligen åt måttliga mängder fysisk aktivitet. Det låga deltagarantalet innebar dock att resultatets generaliserbarhet inte kunde bedömas som särskilt hög. Den huvudsakliga slutsatsen från denna undersökning var att ytterligare forskning behövs för att tydliggöra hur personliga assistenters arbetsförhållanden påverkar deras vanor kring kost och motion och vise versa.

Doctor of Education / Department of Educational Leadership / Royce Ann Collins / Nutrition educators traditionally rely on quantitative research to design interventions for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) audiences, such a low-income African American mothers. Such studies indicated the dietary behaviors of this population related to increased risk for chronic disease. Few studies explored the factors that potentially influenced the perceived self-efficacy and affected the dietary habits of SNAP learners. This study addressed the gap between quantitative research findings about the dietary habits of low-income African American mothers and their perceptions of factors influencing those behaviors. A qualitative bounded multi-site case study design was used to explore factors theoretically linked to social cognitive theory (SCT) that affected the dietary habits of low-income African American mothers. The theoretical framework rested on the interaction between SCT and critical race theory (CRT). The research sample included fifteen women, five from each of three public housing sites. The research design included semi-structured interviews supported by multiple data sources. A pilot study took place. Constant comparison was the technique used to analyze the semi-structured interviews and code the findings. The emergent themes aligned with the theoretical framework to answer the research questions. Triangulation helped to ensure the study’s quality. The findings supported the SCT premise that behavioral, personal, and environmental factors interacted reciprocally to influence dietary habits. The findings supported the CRT tenets that race, history, narratives, and interest convergence mattered and influenced dietary habits. The results had implications for adult educators designing effective nutrition programs for diverse learners.

O leite materno constitui uma rica fonte de nutrientes e peptídeos. O desmame precoce (DP) induz o aumento da proliferação e da diferenciação celular, e pode ser uma condição estressante capaz de elevar a corticosterona (CORT). Neste estudo, investigamos a interação entre padrão alimentar, CORT, TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">a e TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">b na regulação da proliferação celular na mucosa gástrica de ratos em desenvolvimento pós-natal. Utilizamos ratos Wistar em DP a partir do 15ºd, e observamos o aumento de CORT aos 16, 17 e 18d (p<0,05). No 17ºd, encontramos nível alto de TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">a e baixo de TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">b1 na mucosa gástrica (p<0,05). Para avaliarmos a ação da CORT, usamos o RU486, que ao reduzir a ação hormonal, estimulou a proliferação celular nos animais amamentados e DP (p<0,05), sem alterar os níveis de TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">a e TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">b. A sinalização para esses fatores foi estudada, e RU486 reduziu a ativação de ERK1/2 (p<0,05) no DP. Concluímos que a corticosterona circulante possui efeito antiproliferativo sobre a mucosa gástrica de ratos, e sua ação parece direta sem depender da regulação dos níveis de TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">a e TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">b. / Milk is a source of nutrients and active peptides. Early weaning (EW) leads to the increase of cell proliferation and differentiation, and can characterize a stressful condition to induce corticosterone (CORT). In the current study we investigated the interaction among dietary pattern, CORT, TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">a and TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">b on the regulation of cell proliferation in gastric mucosa of developing rats. We used Wistar rats submitted to EW on the 15thd, and we observed higher CORT levels throughout EW (p<0.05). At 17d, we also found higher TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">a and lower TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">b1 in the gastric mucosa (p<0.05). To evaluate CORT action, we used RU486 which antagonized the hormone and increased cell proliferation in both suckling and EW pups (p<0.05), without changing TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">a and TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">b1 levels. The signaling pathways triggered by these factors were studied and RU486 reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation (p<0.05) in EW. We conclude that CORT is repressive for cell proliferation in the rat gastric mucosa, and its action seems to be direct, i.e. independent of TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">a and TGF<font face=\"Symbol\">b regulation.

Rates of adult obesity in the United States continue to rise, especially among the college-age population who typically practice poor dietary choices, contributing to weight gain. College-age students experience a transitional phase called ‘emerging adulthood’ where they learn autonomy in many areas that influence long-term health status. The purpose of the online health promotion program BUCS: Live Well was to promote self-efficacy in ability to incorporate positive dietary changes, assess incidences of positive dietary habits after completing the program, and determine if weight status, residence, and health perceptions influence dietary behaviors. BUCS: Live Well was successful in assessing current dietary intake, facilitating positive dietary changes, and improving self-efficacy about incorporating positive dietary changes, although it did not promote weight loss. Online health promotion programs for college students are effective in initiating lifestyle modification and need to be available in hopes of reducing the obesity rate in this population.