Orientador: Sergio de Albuquerque / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade de Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T01:42:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GoncalvesNeto_JanainaFernanda_D.pdf: 2661740 bytes, checksum: bc0d1d7738531b1803d33f5dc69032d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Dados da literatura relataram a importância da suplementação ou da ausência de determinados micronutrientes no comportamento de uma infecção. Assim como, durante a gestação, a concentração de Zinco (Zn) no plasma materno diminui devido a diversas alterações fisiológicas, aumento da absorção e transferência fetal. Entretanto, a avaliação da suplementação de micronutrientes durante a infecção chagásica pouco tem sido discutida. Diante dos benefícios proporcionados por meio da suplementação de Zn sobre algumas doenças infecciosas e durante a gestação, foram objetivos do presente trabalho: determinar as concentrações plasmáticas e teciduais de Zn, avaliar os efeitos da suplementação desse micronutriente durante a gestação de camundongos infectados por Trypanosoma cruzi e os efeitos in vitro em cultura de células. Foram utilizados camundongos Swiss prenhas e não prenhas, infectadas com duas cepas distintas de T. cruzi. Esses animais foram suplementados com 20mg/Kg de sulfato de zinco durante 7 dias (cepa Y) e 14 dias (cepa Bolívia). Após a suplementação diversos parâmetros foram avaliados: parasitemia, peso materno, peso e tamanho dos fetos, desenvolvimento dos filhotes após o nascimento, as concentrações plasmáticas e teciduais de Zn, taxa de mortalidade, aspectos histopatológicos e os efeitos in vitro em cultura de células. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foi observado que as fêmeas infectadas que receberam suplementação de Zn apresentaram redução da parasitemia; não alterou o peso das fêmeas, da prole, das placentas; não alterou o comprimento dos fetos e dos neonatos, o peso dos neonatos e a taxa de mortalidade. Histologicamente, a suplementação diminuiu a quantidade de ninhos nos tecidos avaliados de fêmeas infectadas com a cepa Bolívia e diminuiu a quantidade de infiltrados inflamatórios. A dosagem de zinco plasmático e tecidual demonstrou que a suplementação aumentou a concentração de zinco no plasma e nos tecidos dos animais infectados. Em relação à avaliação in vitro do Sulfato de Zinco, foi verificado que as concentrações utilizadas foram citotóxicas, porém apresentaram potencial tripanocida sobre as formas intracelulares de T. cruzi. Sendo assim, a suplementação de zinco durante a prenhez em camundongos infectados com T. cruzi, proporcionou resultados benéficos na concentração plasmática, desta forma, melhorando o desenvolvimento fetal e auxiliando no controle da carga parasitária / Abstract: A bulk of information concerning the relevance of supplementation and absence of certain nutrients in the modulation of the infection is available in the literature. Several physiological alterations can severely compromise plasmatic zinc levels during gestation, which is characterized by low zinc levels due to enhanced absorption of micronutrients and fetal transference. The benefits of zinc supplementation during the course of infectious diseases and during pregnancy are well known facts. Few data can be found concerning the effects of zinc supplementation during chagasic infection. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the plasmatic and tecidual concentration of zinc, the possible beneficial effects of zinc supplementation in pregnant and infected Mus musculus not only regarding to control maternal parasite levels but also to reduce fetal damage, and to evaluate the in vitro effects in cell culture. Pregnant and non pregnant Swiss mice were i.p. infected with two different T. cruzi strains (Bolivia and Y strains). Animals were daily supplied with 20mg/Kg of zinc sulphate during 7 days for Y strain and 14 days for Bolívia. Several parameters were evaluated: parasitemia, maternal weight, fetal size and weight, development of the litter after birth, plasmatic and tecidual concentration of Zn, mortality rate, hystopathology, and the effects of Zn supplementation on cell culture. Pregnant and infected females supplemented with Zn displayed reduced parasitemia, did not enhance body weight, bigger litters and placental size and weight. The presence of this micronutrient did not alter the length of fetuses and neonates, as well its weight and mortality rate. The hystopathological observation for Bolivia strain, showed reduced number of amastigote burdens in all evaluated organs and low inflammatory infiltrate. Plasmatic and tecidual zinc concentration were elevated in all animals supplemented with zinc. The in vitro observations of T. cruzi amastigote forms in the presence of zinc sulphate revealed a potential tripanocidal effect but also a citotoxic effect on cell culture. We concluded that zinc supplementation during pregnancy of infected mice in some way triggered a stimulatory immune modulation, leading to a better fetal development, reduced mortality rate and control of blood and tecidual parasite burdens / Doutorado / Protozoologia / Doutor em Parasitologia

Orientador: Maria Marluce dos Santos Vilela / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T16:38:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oya_Vanessa_M.pdf: 7331490 bytes, checksum: 529a54e17d287da53b76a70429a62b6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A doença de Crohn (DC) é uma doença crônica inflamatória que acomete o trato gastrointestinal (TGI) com repercussão sistêmica. Existe uma interação de agentes patogênicos, tais como a microbiota intestinal e a imunidade de mucosa em indivíduos geneticamente susceptíveis. DC é mediada por uma resposta T helper 1 (Th1). Atualmente, dietas compostas de proteínas de soro de leite bovino enriquecidas com TGF-? poderiam indicar uma alternativa para controlar a doença, já que não são uma opção invasiva, resultando em uma melhoria na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Objetivos: Avaliar a influência da suplementação nutricional oral com proteínas de soro de leite bovino enriquecido com TGF-? durante 16 semanas, na resposta imune celular para o BCG em pacientes com DC. Métodos: Vinte e dois pacientes com DC que estavam em terapia anti-TNF-? e azatioprina participaram de um ensaio clínico, prospectivo, de intervenção nutricional com um concentrado de proteínas de soro de leite bovino enriquecido com TGF- ? durante 16 semanas. Os grupos de comparação sem suplementação nutricional foram compostos por 10 pacientes com DC sob terapia com anti-TNF-? e azatioprina, 11 pacientes em uso apenas de azatioprina e 21 indivíduos normais como controle. A imunidade celular para o BCG foi caracterizada pela proliferação linfocitária (por citometria de fluxo) em cultura de células mononucleares de sangue periférico e a produção de citocinas (IFN-?, TNF-? e IL-6, dosadas por ELISA) em sobrenadante de cultura. Foi realizada a fenotipagem de subpopulações de linfócitos T em sangue periférico e a dosagem de TGF-_ ?2 e TGF- ?3 em soro e plasma por ELISA. Resultados: Em pacientes com DC, a suplementação nutricional com um concentrado de proteínas de soro de leite bovino enriquecido com TGF-? aumentou o percentual de linfócitos T em sangue periférico e a concentração de TGF- ?2 no plasma, após as 16 semanas de intervenção. Os pacientes apresentaram proliferação de subpopulações de linfócitos T (CD4+, CD8+ e TCR ??+) e a produção de IFN-?, TNF-? e IL-6 BCG específicas, que não diferiram no início e no fim da suplementação nutricional. Com relação ao grupo controle normal, os três grupos de pacientes com DC apresentaram menor concentração de IFN-y BCG específica. Conclusão: Assim, conclui-se que, uma dieta baseada em proteínas de soro de leite bovino enriquecido com TGF- ? pode levar a uma imunomodulação sistêmica. / Abstract: Crohn's disease (CD) is a inflammatory chronic disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract with systemic repercussion. There is an interaction of pathogens such as enteric microbiota with mucosal immunity in genetically susceptible individuals. CD is mediated by a T-helper 1 (Th1) response. Currently diets containing bovine whey proteins enriched with TGF-? could indicate an alternative for controlling the disease. Objective: To investigate the influence of oral supplementation for 16 weeks with bovine whey proteins enriched with TGF-? on the BCG cellular immune response in patients with Crohn's disease. Methods: Twenty-two CD patients who were under anti-TNF-? and azathioprine therapy took part in a prospective, clinical trial of nutritional intervention with bovine whey proteins enriched with TGF- ? for 16 weeks. As comparison groups without nutritional supplementation, 10 CD patients under anti-TNF-? and azathioprine therapy, 11 CD patients under taking just azathioprine and 21 health controls were selected. The cellular immunity to BCG was evaluated by lymphoproliferation (by flow cytometry) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures and cytokine production (IFN-?, TNF-? and IL-6, by ELISA) on supernatant cultures. Immunophenotyping of T cell subpopulations in peripheral blood and TGF-_ ?2 and TGF- ?3 plasma and serum levels were also evaluated in CD patients. Results: Nutritional supplementation with concentrated whey proteins enriched with TGF- ? increased T lymphocyte percentage in peripheral blood and plasma TGF- ?2 concentration after 16 weeks of intervention in DC patients. They showed BCG-specific proliferation of CD4+, CD8+ and TCRy?+ T lymphocytes and IFN-?, TNF-? and IL-6 production, which were not different between begin and end of the supplementation period. In relation to the healthy controls, all three groups of CD patients had lower BCG-specific IFN-? production. Conclusions: Thus, it is concluded that a diet based on bovine whey proteins enriched with TGF- ? can lead to a systemic immunomodulation. / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

Orientador: Maria Marluce dos Santos Vilela / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T14:15:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado_JuliaFigueiredo_M.pdf: 1776163 bytes, checksum: 25832a16e6e32e0da542e7591cac5bdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A Doença de Crohn (DC) é caracterizada por uma inflamação crônica que pode afetar qualquer parte do trato digestivo. Na fase aguda, os sintomas gastrointestinais podem levar à desnutrição. Na remissão da doença, alguns pacientes podem apresentar sobrepeso ou obesidade, o que contribui para aumentar a produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias pelo tecido adiposo. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de dois suplementos nutricionais sobre o estado nutricional de pacientes com DC, foi realizado um ensaio clínico, randomizado, duplo-cego, paralelo com dois braços. Os participantes receberam suplemento com proteínas do soro de leite (PSL) ou suplemento com proteínas de soja (PS), durante 16 semanas. A avaliação nutricional foi feita por meio de medidas antropométricas, bioimpedância, recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e dosagens de albumina e pré-albumina. Para a avaliação da atividade da doença foram utilizados o Índice de Atividade da Doença de Crohn (IADC) e a dosagem de proteína C reativa (PCR). Na primeira avaliação (n=68), 93% dos pacientes estavam em remissão da doença (IACD<150), 36% apresentaram sobrepeso ou obesidade e apenas 5% estavam desnutridos. Com relação à ingestão alimentar, mais de 50% dos pacientes tinha um consumo inadequado de cálcio, potássio, e vitaminas A, C e D. Pacientes que estavam sob terapia com anti-TNF-? apresentaram Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) e prega cutânea tricipital (PCT) maiores do que aqueles sob terapia com, apenas, azatioprina. As 16 semanas de suplementação foram concluídas por 19 pacientes no grupo com PSL e 22 no grupo PS. Os suplementos não tiveram efeitos no IADC e PCR, porém modificaram a composição corporal. Houve aumento da circunferência muscular do braço (CMB), área muscular do braço corrigida (AMBc) e percentual de massa magra (%MM), e redução da PCT e do %GC, nos dois grupos. O sobrepeso, a obesidade e a ingestão inadequada de micronutrientes foram alterações nutricionais observadas em alguns pacientes com DC deste estudo, e indicam a necessidade de orientações dietéticas para corrigi-las. Os suplementos nutricionais com PSL e PS, após 16 semanas de uso, reduziram a gordura corporal dos pacientes, e poderiam ser utilizados como estratégia para tratar a obesidade. Além disso, a inflamação decorrente do excesso de tecido adiposo poderia ser prevenida, contribuindo para uma melhor evolução clínica / Abstract: Crohn's Disease (CD) is characterized by a chronic inflammation that affects any part of the gastrointestinal tract. In the acute phase, gastrointestinal symptoms may lead to malnutrition. During disease remission, some patients are overweight or obese; as adipose tissue produces proinflammatory cytokines, its excess may aggravate inflammation. To evaluate the effects of two supplements on nutritional status in CD patients, we performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm trial. Participants received whey protein (WP) or soy protein (SP) supplement for 16 weeks. Nutritional assessment was performed by anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance, 24-hour dietary recall, serum albumin and pre-albumin. The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were used for the assessment of the disease activity. In the first evaluation (n = 68), 93% of the patients were in clinical remission (CDAI <150), 36% were overweight or obese and only 5% were malnourished. Over 50% of the patients had an inadequate intake of calcium, potassium, and vitamins A, C and D. Patients under treatment with anti-TNF- alpha had body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (%BF) and triciptal skin fold (TSF) greater than those undergoing azathioprine therapy. Nineteen patients in the WP group and twenty-two in the SP group completed the 16 weeks of supplementation. The supplements had no effect on CDAI and CRP, but contributed to body composition change. The TSF and %BF decreased, whereas mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), corrected arm muscle area (CAMA) and body lean percentage (%BL) increased, in the two groups. Some patients in this study presented overweight, obesity or low intake of micronutrients, dietary advice is needed to correct these nutritional abnormalities. The supplementation with WP and SP may contribute to the reduction of overweight and obesity through reducing body fat and thus contributing to inflammatory control, preventing disease progression / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestra em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente

THE QUALITY OF TOP SELLING DIETARY SUPPLEMENT INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Student: Lenka Baudischová Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Specialist: Ing. Katka Kvízová Dept. Of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech republic CONTEXT: Dietary supplements in recent years become part of the daily diet considerable part of the population of all European countries. According to the survey of 2015 internet purchases through OTC drugs and dietary supplements people buys more than two fifths of the internet population aged 15-59. The internet is often used by consumers as a source of information. If people buy a dietary supplement on the internet they get all information about a dietary supplement is from the web sites. OBJECTIVE: To assess quality of information presented on the Internet for the top selling dietary supplements from the clinical and regulatory point of view. METHODS: We searched the Internet using the 3 most commonly used search engines in the Czech Republic - Seznam, Google and Centrum starting July of 2015 till November of 2015. One-hundred top selling dietary supplements in the Czech Republic in 2014 were extracted from IMS Health database. Dietary supplement information was evaluated from the...

Background: The World Health Organisation (WHO) initially recommended F100 formula in the treatment of severe malnutrition. F100 is made with full cream milk powder, sugar, oil and water with added minerals and vitamins. Ready to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is a highly nutrient dense food enriched with minerals and vitamins, with a similar nutrient profile but greater energy and nutrient density than F100. RUTF has shown to be effective in the treatment of severe and moderate wasting and is associated with an increased recovery rate. In South Africa no studies are available on the recovery rate of children with severe acute malnutrition treated with RUTFs. Aim: To compare the recovery of clinically stable severe acute malnourished children, between the age of 12 and 60 months, treated with either F100 or RUTF as nutrition supplement. Methods: A randomised clinically controlled trial was performed. All children referred to Clairwood hospital with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), defined as a weight for height measurement of <70 percent of the median and/or < -3 SD below the mean WHO reference values or the presence of bilateral oedema were included in this study. Children were stratified according to age and gender and subsequently randomly assigned with randomisation tables to either the RUTF or F100 group. A total of 35 children were included in this study and data from 34 were analysed with 17 in each group. Results: Most children included in this study were between 12 and 18 months with boys in the majority. Both groups had a large percentage of HIV-infected children (70 percent in the RUTF group and 76 percent in the F100 group), with Tuberculosis (TB) co-infection in some of the children. One child died due to HIV related complications. The rate of weight gain was 7.77g/kg/day in the RUTF group and 6.11g/kg/day in the F100 group. There was no statistical significant difference established between groups (p = 0.46). The majority of children recovered within 21 days on the RUTF while the majority of children in the F100 group recovered after 6 weeks. There were no changes in height during the rehabilitation of these children. MUAC changes were observed with 92 percent having a mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of > 11.5cm after a 6 week intervention with RUTF and F100. Conclusion: RUTF resulted in better rates of recovery and can be used efficiently in rehabilitating children with SAM in a supervised facility setting. These preliminary results also point towards significant potential savings regarding hospitalisation costs since faster recovery has been demonstrated by children in the RUTF group.

Title: The problems of nutrition and doping in bodybuilding and fitness Purposes: The aim of the thesis was to find differences in the area of nutrition and doping in condition fitness exercisers, active amateur competitors and professional athletes in bodybuilding and fitness, in the area of macro nutrients intake, drinking regimen, dietary supplements and abuse of doping. Methods: For the research, the qualitative method was chosen as a survey. The survey is divided into questions identifying information about problems of nutrition and doping. It contains a combination of open, closed and semi- closed questions. The selected set of examinations was a random sample of condition fitness exercisers, amateur and professional bodybuilding and fitness athletes. Results: The survey shows that although condition fitness exercisers perceive the optimal macronutrient and micronutrient intake, drinking regimen and dietary supplements as part of success in bodybuilding and fitness, their awareness and discipline do not reach the same level as competing respondents (amateurs and professional athletes). The diet of the competitors corresponds more with the recommendations in the literary sources. Minimal differences were found between the nutrition of condition fitness exercisers and athletes (amateur and...

Objetivos: Determinar si existe asociación entre la suplementación con vitamina A y la presencia de síntomas de infecciones respiratorias agudas, en niños de 6 a 59 meses. Métodos: Análisis de datos secundarios de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES), realizada en los años 2016 y 2017, tipo de estudio transversal. La variable de resultado fue la presencia de infecciones respiratorias en los últimos 14 días, reportado por la madre, y la variable de exposición fue la suplementación de al menos una dosis de Vitamina A, de acuerdo a la información del carnet de vacunación, o reporte de la madre. Resultados: Un total de 17668 registros fueron analizados, constituida por mujeres con una edad promedio de 31,6 (DE 10,4) y sus hijos menores con una edad promedio de 30,1 (DE 16,9). La proporción de niños que recibieron suplementación con Vitamina A fue de 40,7% (IC 95%: 39,9%- 41,4%), mientras que, la proporción de niños que reportaron síntomas compatibles con infecciones respiratorias agudas, fue de 33,8% (IC 95%: 33,1%- 34,5%). Ajustado por potenciales confusoras, no se encontró asociación significativa entre suplementación con Vitamina A y síntomas de Infecciones respiratorias (RP = 0,99, IC 95% 0,95- 1,04). Conclusión: Recibir la suplementación de vitamina A no estuvo asociado con la presencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas. / Objectives: To determine if there is an association between vitamin A supplementation and the presence of symptoms of acute respiratory infections among children aged 6 to 59 months. Methods: Secondary data analysis from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), from 2016 and 2017; cross-sectional study. The outcome of interest was the presence of acute respiratory infections in the last 14 days, reported by the mother, and the exposure variable was the supplementation of at least one dose of vitamin A, according the vaccination card´s information or mother´s report. Results: Data of 17668 records was analyzed; information include women with a mean age of 31.6 (SD: 10.4) and their children had a mean of 30.1 (SD: 16.9) months. The proportion of children who received Vitamin A supplementation was 40.7% (95% CI: 39.9% - 41.4%), whereas the proportion of children who reported symptoms compatible with acute respiratory infections was 33.8% (95% CI: 33.1% - 34.5%). Adjusted for potential confounders, no significant association was found between Vitamin A supplementation and symptoms of acute respiratory infections (PR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.95 – 1.04). Conclusion: Receiving vitamin A supplementation was not associated with acute respiratory infections among children aged 5 to 59 months. / Tesis

In this analysis, we plan on developing vegetable mixes with high nutritional qualities and instant fuel consumption. These are to be used as a nutritional supplement in the feeding of children from 6 months of age. Initially, I selected the raw material, due to its high protein content and low cost (soy, tarhui, Cuban corn, rice, wheat, barley). They formed mixes with nutritional characteristics similar to the control for reference (15.5% of protein, 419 kcal of energy). From these formulas, different tests of completed production of mixtures, going so far as to obtain eight mixes with good nutritional and organoleptic characteristics. The eight mixes and the control for reference were subjected to sensory analysis tests (sensory quality test and acceptability and preference test), Of these mixes, 4 were selected (WA1, WA2, WA5 and the control for reference WA7) such as finished women mixtures. The same groups were subjected to a bromatologic analysis and biological tests with animals from the laboratory. Finally, the study of industrial viability of a small processing plant of instant vegetable mixtures was conducted.

Background and purpose: Celebrity endorsements have a profound impact on consumers’ purchases and lifestyles. Pharmacists and student pharmacists must be aware of celebrity endorsements of over-the-counter (OTC) medications and dietary supplements to properly advise patients regarding safety and effectiveness, or lack thereof, of endorsed products. Educational activity and setting: An application-based activity was utilized in a self-care course to apply OTC medication and dietary supplement regulations to celebrity endorsements of these products. Students were asked to identify a celebrity endorsement of a product, providing: (1) the product endorsed, (2) celebrity endorser, (3) location of the endorsement, (4) summary of the endorsement and the endorsement itself, (5) assess if the endorsement violated any regulations, and (6) assess if the endorsement was in disagreement with evidence-based resources. Findings: Student pharmacists concluded that 30% of celebrity endorsements violated laws and regulations while 35% concluded the claims made were not supported by evidence-based literature. Interestingly, student pharmacists who selected the same endorsements did not always arrive at the same conclusions. Studied endorsements were frequently found to be in violation of laws and regulations governing OTC medications and dietary supplements and frequently were not supported by evidence-based literature. The activity described provides an innovative active-learning strategy to teach laws and regulations affecting OTC medications and dietary supplements.

No description available.