Com o crescimento exponencial do volume de dados estruturados e não estruturados (Big Data) em sistemas de armazenamento corporativos, aliado à também crescente demanda por preservação de tais dados devido a regulamentações e auditorias, surge o problema da preservação a longo prazo de Big Data, e mais especificamente o de como estender sistemas existentes ao longo do tempo. Pesquisas recentes contemplam arquiteturas de preservação de dados estruturados ou de arquivamento a curto prazo de Big Data, porém carecem de um modelo para arquiteturas que suportem a preservação a longo prazo de Big Data com elasticidade. Na presente tese, propõe-se uma arquitetura para o arquivamento, preservação a longo prazo e recuperação de Big Data com elasticidade. Um método de criação de arquiteturas de referência foi seguido e obteve-se como resultado uma arquitetura de preservação a longo prazo que é reprodutível e capaz de adaptar-se a uma demanda crescente, recebendo Big Data de fontes heterogêneas continuamente. A arquitetura é compatível com computação em nuvem e foi testada com diversas mídias de armazenamento, como mídias magnéticas, nuvem e de estado sólido. É feito também um comparativo entre a arquitetura desenvolvida e outras arquiteturas disponíveis. / With the exponential growth in the volume of structured and unstructured data (Big Data) in enterprise storage systems, along with the also increasing demand for preservation of such data due to regulations and audits, there arises the problem of long-term preservation of Big Data, and more specifically of how to extend existing systems with time. Recent research projects encompass architectures for the preservation of structured data or short term archiving of Big Data, however they lack a model for architectures that support long-term preservation of Big Data with elasticity. In the present thesis, we propose an architecture for the archiving, longterm preservation and retrieval of Big Data with elasticity. A method for creating reference architectures was followed and as a result a reproducible long-term preservation architecture was obtained, which is capable of adapting to a growing demand receiving Big Data continuously. The architecture is compatible with cloud computing and was tested against several storage media, such as magnetic media, cloud and solid state. A comparison between the architecture and other available architectures is also provided. g Data. Unstructured data. Elasticity.

Com o crescimento exponencial do volume de dados estruturados e não estruturados (Big Data) em sistemas de armazenamento corporativos, aliado à também crescente demanda por preservação de tais dados devido a regulamentações e auditorias, surge o problema da preservação a longo prazo de Big Data, e mais especificamente o de como estender sistemas existentes ao longo do tempo. Pesquisas recentes contemplam arquiteturas de preservação de dados estruturados ou de arquivamento a curto prazo de Big Data, porém carecem de um modelo para arquiteturas que suportem a preservação a longo prazo de Big Data com elasticidade. Na presente tese, propõe-se uma arquitetura para o arquivamento, preservação a longo prazo e recuperação de Big Data com elasticidade. Um método de criação de arquiteturas de referência foi seguido e obteve-se como resultado uma arquitetura de preservação a longo prazo que é reprodutível e capaz de adaptar-se a uma demanda crescente, recebendo Big Data de fontes heterogêneas continuamente. A arquitetura é compatível com computação em nuvem e foi testada com diversas mídias de armazenamento, como mídias magnéticas, nuvem e de estado sólido. É feito também um comparativo entre a arquitetura desenvolvida e outras arquiteturas disponíveis. / With the exponential growth in the volume of structured and unstructured data (Big Data) in enterprise storage systems, along with the also increasing demand for preservation of such data due to regulations and audits, there arises the problem of long-term preservation of Big Data, and more specifically of how to extend existing systems with time. Recent research projects encompass architectures for the preservation of structured data or short term archiving of Big Data, however they lack a model for architectures that support long-term preservation of Big Data with elasticity. In the present thesis, we propose an architecture for the archiving, longterm preservation and retrieval of Big Data with elasticity. A method for creating reference architectures was followed and as a result a reproducible long-term preservation architecture was obtained, which is capable of adapting to a growing demand receiving Big Data continuously. The architecture is compatible with cloud computing and was tested against several storage media, such as magnetic media, cloud and solid state. A comparison between the architecture and other available architectures is also provided. g Data. Unstructured data. Elasticity.

McKee Library has cultivated relationships with local artists as well as partnered with several departments on campus to exhibit a variety of art works in different mediums throughout the year. We have used our digital commons platform to digitally preserve these exhibits, promote the artists, and encourage future partnerships. In our presentation, we will discuss the following: developing partnerships around campus and the community, artist agreements, creation of digital exhibits, and gallery promotion.

La preservación digital es una disciplina emergente en la gestión de archivos y bibliotecas digitales. El presente trabajo de tesis propone el diseño de un modelo de preservación digital aplicable a una institución sanitaria que tanto puede ser pública como privada. En el caso que nos ocupa, la conceptualización de dicho modelo está orientada a una organización que preserve historias clínicas electrónicas, escenario en el cual no existe un modelo. Su diseño está fundamentado en una modificación y adaptación del modelo Open Archival Infomation Systems (OAIS), ampliamente extendido en bibliotecas nacionales e instituciones internacionales. A través de todo el proyecto de investigación se describe cómo se realiza el diseño conceptual mediante la articulación de procesos de auditorías reconocidas de seguridad informática como el Esquema Nacional de Seguridad, análisis de la preservación digital como TRAC (ISO 16363:2012) y análisis de riesgos, MAGERIT a través del programa PILAR (v 5.1.3), en el contexto de instituciones sanitarias. Los datos se han obtenido de forma cualitativa mediante dos tipos de cuestionarios. El cuestionario preliminar pretende saber el estado respecto de los archivos digitales en entidades sanitarias y formatos digitales tratados. El cuestionario de auditoría es un cuestionario de 25 preguntas, cada una de ellas con varios apartados, donde se cruzan indicadores tanto de TRAC como del Esquema Nacional de Seguridad con el fin de analizar la seguridad informática y las necesidades de preservación digital de las entidades sanitarias participantes. Una vez obtenidos los datos se ha procedido al diseño conceptual del modelo, obteniendo un modelo reducido del modelo OAIS (ISO 14271:2003). En la reducción de este modelo de conservación digital, se han eliminado partes que son redundantes en el entorno sanitario analizado. El resultado del trabajo es un modelo conceptual que permite su aplicación directa en problemas relacionados con la gestión de archivos digitales en instituciones de custodia con escasez de medios, en un escenario realista. / Digital preservation is an emerging discipline in managing of archives and digital libraries. This dissertation proposes the design of a digital preservation model applicable to a health care institution that can be both public and private. In the present case, the conceptualization of this model is aimed at an organization that preserves electronic health records, scenario in which there is no model. Its design is based on the modification and adaptation of Open Archival Infomation Systems (OAIS) model, widespread in national libraries and institutions. Throughout the research project it is described how to perform the conceptual design by articulating processes such recognized computer security audits as the Spanish Esquema Nacional de Seguridad, analysis of digital preservation as TRAC (ISO 16363:2012) and risks analysis, through the program MAGERIT PILAR (v 5.1.3), in the context of health institutions. The data were obtained qualitatively using two types of surveys. The preliminary survey aims to find out the status on digital formats that healthcare organizations treaties. The audit survey is a questionnaire with 25 questions, each with several sections, where both indicators, TRAC and the Esquema Nacional de Seguridad are crossed in order to analyze the computer security and digital preservation needs of the healthcare organizations participants. Once the data collected it has been carried out to the design of the conceptual model, obtaining a reduced version of the OAIS model (ISO 14271:2003). In this model, redundant parts have been eliminated on the tested healthcare environment. The result of this work is a conceptual model that allows direct application to problems related to the management of digital archives in custodial institutions with limited resources, into a realistic scenario.

The ability to maintain continuous access to digital documents and artifacts is one of the most significant problems facing the archival, manuscript repository, and record management communities in the twenty-first century. This problem with access is particularly troublesome in the case of complex digital installments, which resist simple migration and emulation strategies. The Legacy Project, which was produced by the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta, was created in the early 2000s as a means of telling the stories of Holocaust survivors who settled in metropolitan Atlanta. Legacy was an interactive multimedia kiosk that enabled museum visitors to read accounts, watch digital video, and examine photographs about these survivors. However, several years after Legacy was completed, it became inoperable, due to technological obsolescence. By using Legacy as a case study, I examine how institutions can preserve access to complex digital artifacts and how they can rescue digital information that is in danger of being lost.

The need to set policies that envisage the preservation and access to authentic digital archival documents essential to the memory of the university led to the choice of the theme this research. The objective of this work is to develop of a Digital Preservation Policy of records to the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), using as a reference document the "School Registers" (HE), which is produced by Education Information System (SIE). It is a qualitative research, of exploratory features, conducted through documentary and bibliographic research and direct observation, following the diplomatic analysis model of the InterPARES 3 Project. To meet this goal, first, it developed a diagnosis of the HE in order to assess their status while digital record. Based on this diagnosis, are suggested adjustments for what the HE can be considered a digital records in the field of SIE. The third step is to define the set metadata and requirements for management, preservation and access of the HE. Therefore, it applies by reference to the e-ARQ Brazil Model Requirements for Information Systems Records Management. In the last step, suggest guidelines to ensure the maintenance of Chain of Custody of HE, which support the presumption of authenticity of the records, using as reference the theoretical Hilari Jenkinson, Luciana Duranti and Daniel Flores, as well as regulations of the National Council on Archives. These steps will provide elements for the proposal of a Digital Preservation Policy of records the UFSM and may be used also for other IFES. As a result, it was found, in the light of contemporary diplomatic, that is missing the HE essential requirements for their effective digital preservation. Not there seems to also be a single solution that works as a panacea for the problem since everything in the digital world are vulnerable to technological obsolescence of formats and equipment. This study shows that alternative and solutions should be worked out to ensure the safeguarding of digital records heritage of UFSM, especially those born-digital documents, such as the implementation of a Digital Archival Repository Trusted and the awareness of managers and employees on the importance of establishing policies and regulations on the theme. / A necessidade de se definir políticas que vislumbrem a preservação e o acesso aos documentos arquivísticos digitais autênticos imprescindíveis para a memória da universidade, motivou a escolha pelo tema desta pesquisa. O objetivo deste trabalho é a elaboração de uma Política de Preservação Digital de Documentos Arquivísticos para a Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), utilizando como referência o tipo documental Histórico Escolar (HE), que é produzido no âmbito do Sistema de Informações para o Ensino (SIE). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório realizada por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e observação direta, seguindo o modelo de análise diplomática do Projeto InterPARES 3. Para cumprir tal objetivo, primeiramente, foi desenvolvido um diagnóstico sobre o HE, a fim de avaliar o seu status enquanto documento arquivístico digital. Com base nesse diagnóstico, sugerem-se adequações para que o HE possa ser considerado um documento arquivístico no domínio do SIE. Quanto à terceira etapa, consiste em delimitar um conjunto de metadados e requisitos para a gestão, preservação e acesso do HE. Para tanto, aplica-se como referência o e-ARQ Brasil Modelo de Requisitos para Sistemas Informatizados de Gestão Arquivística de Documentos. Por conseguinte, sugerem-se orientações para garantir a Manutenção da Cadeia de Custódia do HE, que apóie a presunção de autenticidade dos documentos, empregando como referências os teóricos Hilari Jenkinson, Luciana Duranti e Daniel Flores, além de normativas do Conselho Nacional de Arquivos. Essas etapas ofereceram elementos para a proposição de uma Política de Preservação Digital dos Documentos Arquivísticos para a UFSM e que poderá ser utilizado, também, por outras IFES. Como resultado verificou-se, na perspectiva da diplomática contemporânea, que faltam ao HE requisitos imprescindíveis para a sua efetiva preservação digital. Entretanto, parece não existir, ainda, uma solução única que funcione como uma panacéia para o problema já que no universo digital tudo está vulnerável à obsolescência tecnológica de formatos e equipamentos. Este estudo mostra que alternativas e soluções devem ser trabalhadas para garantir a salvaguarda do patrimônio arquivístico digital da UFSM, principalmente àqueles documentos natodigitais, como a implementação de um Repositório Arquivístico Digital Confiável (RDC-Arq) e a conscientização de gestores e de funcionários sobre a importância de instituir políticas e normas quanto ao tema.

La préservation des informations numériques et des connaissances est l'un des objectifs principaux de la création et la gestion d'un système d'information dans une entreprise. Cette préservation est qualifiée de cruciale en termes de traçabilité, sécurité et durabilité.Ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le contexte de l’archivage numérique des connaissances. Notre recherche s’intéresse aux problématiques de la couverture et de l’adaptabilité des solutions logicielles pour la préservation des connaissances à long terme (Long Term Knowledge Retention, LTKR). On se propose donc de développer les concepts d’une architecture à bases de modèles, intégrée et évolutive pour l’archivage des informations numériques. Pour positionner nos travaux, nous avons synthétisé les besoins d’archivage à long termes, les travaux publiés, les plateformes et outils existants et ainsi ciblé les besoins manquants que nous allons développer dans ce travail de thèse.Dans une étape de spécification, l’analyse des concepts de gestion des connaissances pour l’archivage permet d’aboutir à une meilleure spécification des artefacts de connaissances (package d’information) à fournir à une plateforme d’archivage. Dans cette perspective, nous avons proposé une extension de la méthode CommonKADS. Le système d’archivage proposé étend le modèle de référence OAIS (Open Archival Information System) et ses divers implémentations (i.e. DSpace, Fedora repository, EPrints, etc). Nous avons développé des fonctionnalités supplémentaires pour étendre les concepts d’archivages statiques vers une architecture dynamique et évolutive à base de modèles. La finalité de ce travail est de définir les briques fonctionnelles d’un système d’archivage des informations numériques qui s’adapte aux besoins des entreprises et l’évolution de la complexité des données qu’elles gèrent. Nous avons finalement proposé une méthode de conservation dynamique et une architecture appelée MadPK (Multi-layer Architecture for Dynamic Preservation of Knowledge) pour préservation à long terme.L’ensemble des concepts proposés dans cette thèse sont développés et testés sur les environnements BPM/SOA suites. / Preserving digital information is one of the objectives of the creation and management of information systems in a company. The long term preservation of information and knowledge becomes crucial in terms of safety and availability. Therefore, our research targets the Long Term Knowledge Retention (LTKR) and preservation in terms of traceability, reusability and security of digital information; and aims at proposing a methodology and an architecture for this purpose.Through analysis of existing works and projects, whose objective is long-term digital preservation, we have synthesized long term preservation common requirements and found out the gaps between existing requirements and the new requirements we have identified. Existing methodologies and tools for Knowledge Management (KM) are identified. We have extended the CommonKADS methodology in order to build connections between KM and digital preservation. The knowledge objects we have produced in a KM approach are thus better suited as inputs for the digital preservation platform.We have also studied the functional features of the existing digital preservation systems, and some main features to support a long term preservation approach. We have extended the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) reference model to establish a preservation platform, by adding specific features in order to fulfill the remaining requirements in the long term preservation area.We have finally proposed a dynamic preservation method and an architecture called MadPK (Multi-layer Architecture for Dynamic Preservation of Knowledge) for long term preservation, adapting Service Oriented Application (SOA) and Business Process Management (BPM) concepts. The proposed architecture provides dynamic features and enables us to have better interoperability between the KM approach and digital preservation approach/platform.The proposed design models of this thesis are implemented and tested within the environment of BPM/SOA suite.

The Swedish National Archives are in charge of the management of Common Specifications (CS). CS are genericmetadata specifications that provides structure and markup when transferring digital information betweeninformation systems and to electronic archives. As of now there is no CS for electronic healthcare records (EHR).Organizations around Sweden have developed their own specifications for transferring healthcare information. Inaddition to that, there are comprehensive international EHR metadata standards established. The Swedish NationalArchives have commissioned a study of EHR metadata specifications and standards to aid in the development of theCS.A Delphi study was conducted, including respondents from major archiving organizations in Sweden, to identifynecessary metadata categories when exchanging EHRs. The data was analyzed considering the international EHRmetadata standards HL7 CDA2 and CEN/ISO EN13606, as well as digital preservation metadata categories. Theresults were a set of metadata categories necessary to include in a CS. In addition, a subset of suggested mandatorymetadata categories is proposed and a list of implications for practice. Clinical codes, auditing, and separatingmetadata related to different contexts are a sample size of the implications.The results were evaluated in an interview with the Swedish National Archives, as well as Sydarkivera. Three criteriafor evaluating the results were proposed, being that the results had to consider a common terminology as well as bebased on a metadata standard and Swedish metadata specifications for EHRs. The interview revealed that the resultssatisfied these criterions, except for requiring a study on one additional user environment of EHRs.

Digital signatures is a small and relatively new subject in digital preservation. There has been substantial research made in how to technically preserve a digital signature. However the research regarding the implementation and surrounding practices are relatively unexplored. This thesis analyses documentation from Swedish public sector about digital signature, develop models that express practices, and evaluate them against current normative frameworks within the field of digital preservation. Different government agencies were queried for documentation, which were analysed with Grounded Theory and Policy analysis. This generated a set of models which can be used to implement digital signatures into an organisation. Here we find models for managing user identities, selecting signatures on the basis of document type, researching legal questions, managing personal information and user rights, and for organisation of an implementation project.  This is a two years master’s thesis in Archival Science.

While the Uppsala university library aims to have its whole collection searchable in Libris, the main digital library catalogue in Sweden, and Alvin, the digitized cultural heritage platform, the scope of their collections does not allow it to be done in a desireable time frame. An alternative to digitizing every object is to simply digitize the older manual library catalogues listing the collections, which is what the Uppsala university library has chosen to do. This study examines the digitization process of three of these older library catalogues: the Catalogue of music scores 1970-1980, the Catalogue of printed music -1970 and the Catalogue of Swedish biography. By observing the digitization process I analyse the functions and status of the library catalogues. What happens to a manual library catalogue when it is digitized? Does its function and its objective remain the same or does it change in response to this remediation process that is the digitization? Will the process of transforming it into a new digital format render the old format into another type of object, an historical artefact in its own right, as opposed to simply a list of other historical documents? By interviewing the library staff who perform the digitization of the catalogs and some of the users of them I seek to determine the traits of the library catalogue, and with the help of R. I. Clarkes seven objectives of the library catalogue I also try to discover what the catalogue means in its functions and usage for librarians and library users. Besides this, the study seeks to determine the status of the catalogue in relation to cultural heritage as defined by UNESCO, and the impact the digitization has on the object itself. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.