Fragilizado ao assumir riscos e ter que lidar com a instabilidade e a insegurança consequentes da busca por sua liberdade na sociedade líquido moderna e em contexto de trabalho imaterial, o indivíduo é exposto a inúmeras promessas de ferramentas de rápida solução, serviços, métodos e técnicas de desenvolvimento pessoal que prometem maior controle sobre as experiências de vida. A presente dissertação busca analisar como dilemas pessoais vivenciados em contexto de trabalho imaterial na sociedade líquido moderna são apresentados e trabalhados na perspectiva do life coaching. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório que contou com a participação de cinco profissionais que prestam o serviço de life coaching. A coleta de dados se deu através de entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo. A análise dos resultados foi realizada de maneira qualitativa e se deu á luz do referencial teórico sobre a sociedade líquido moderna, o trabalho imaterial, o coaching e o life coaching. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram indicar o life coaching como serviço que busca corresponder à demanda por desenvolvimento pessoal no alcance de adaptação a mudanças, excelência em todos os domínios da vida e no ímpeto por autorrealização pessoal, características da vida líquida, através do uso de ferramentas gerencialistas originalmente empregadas para o desenvolvimento empresarial. Alinhado com a ideia de que todos devem estar em estado permanente de vigilância e de gestão de si, e mergulhado no movimento mercadológico de autoajuda e de desenvolvimento pessoal patrocinado por uma ideologia produtivista e capitalista, o life coaching mostrou-se como clara expressão da noção de produção de subjetividade, contexto característico do mundo sob hegemonia do trabalho imaterial. A oferta do serviço de life coaching se mostrou, ainda, de estruturação inconsistente. A falta de consenso apontada sobre o conhecimento de base que alicerça o coaching e a falta de regulamentação quanto à formação e premissas para atuação profissional nesta área são elementos que justificam o questionamento com relação à adequação da capacitação dos life coaches para o tratamento de dilemas pessoais em contexto de trabalho imaterial na sociedade líquido moderna. / The personal search for liberty in liquid-modern society and immaterial work context, and the consequent need to take risks and to deal with an instable and insecure environment can make one vulnerable as exposed to a countless number of tools, services, methods and techniques for personal development wich promises fast results and increased controle over life experiences. The present dissertation searches to analyse how personal dilemmas experimented in immaterial work context and in liquid-modern society are presentated and worked in the perspective of life coaching. The present study is characterized as an exploratory study and counted with the participation of five professionals who offer life coaching services. The data was collected through individual semi-structered interviews. To analyse the data the content analysis was used. The analysis of the results was developed in a qualitative way from theorical references about liquid-modern society, immaterial work, coaching and life coaching. The results of the research indicates life coaching as a sevice that utilizes management tools originaly aplicated in business devolopement, and a service that corresponds to a demand for personal development in the search for adaptation over changing situations, for excellence in all of life´s domains, and in the search for personal realization, all caracteristics of liquid life. Aligned with the idea that all should be in permanent state of awareness and self management, and deeply merged in the self-help and personal development market sponsored by productivist and capitalist ideology, life coaching is presented as a clear expression of the subjective production notion that is characteristic of a world in predominance of immaterial work. The life coaching has yet been presented as an inconsistent service in terms of it´s strucuture. In Brazil, the lack of consense pointed out over its knowledge base, the lack of regulation over the life coaching formation and the inexistence of premises for life coaching professional performance are elements that justify questioning how appropriate and adequate are life coaches´ capacitation to work out personal dilemmas in immaterial work context and in liquid-modern society.

Submitted by Adriana Martinez (amartinez@unoeste.br) on 2018-04-27T00:10:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Silvia Aline S. Ferreira.pdf: 1681270 bytes, checksum: 63ed3938736f2d88e9715bbb37673405 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T00:10:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Silvia Aline S. Ferreira.pdf: 1681270 bytes, checksum: 63ed3938736f2d88e9715bbb37673405 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-07 / The main contribution of this work was the discussion about the dilemmas that were generated from the implantation of the prison unit in the municipality of Marabá Paulista, in the state of São Paulo. The research was carried out from the analysis of the history of capitalist occupation in Pontal do Paranapanema, reflecting on the sociopolitical genesis of social inequality and misery, passing through the debate on public policies and state, as well as the historical contextualization of the implantation of the prison units in this region and a brief conceptualization of small towns. A bibliographic survey and data collection was carried out from the field work, through the application of questionnaires to the municipal authorities and to the population in general, as well as in an official database available, among them: Atlas of Social Vulnerability, Institute Brazilian Department of Geography and Statistics and Public Security Secretariat of São Paulo. Exploring some fundamental theoretical approaches to understanding inequality, poverty and the globalization process and understanding the historical process of the capitalist occupation in Pontal do Paranapanema and the progress of the implantation of the prison units in the State of São Paulo, it was possible to problematize and understand the circumstances of the process of massification of state-supported incarceration as a regional development action. The analysis of the results of the field work was presented, highlighting the understanding of the authorities and also of the population about the installed prison unit. In the final considerations, it was pointed out the social, economic, environmental and cultural impacts related to the implantation of the prison unit and the regional development. / A principal contribuição desse trabalho consistiu na discussão sobre os dilemas, que se engendraram a partir da implantação da unidade prisional no município de Marabá Paulista, no estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da análise do histórico de ocupação capitalista no Pontal do Paranapanema, refletindo sobre a gênese sociopolítica da desigualdade social e da miséria, perpassando pelo debate sobre políticas públicas e estado, bem como a contextualização histórica da implantação das unidades prisionais nessa região e uma breve conceituação de cidades pequenas. Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico e coleta de dados a partir do trabalho de campo, por meio da aplicação de questionários junto às autoridades municipais e à população em geral, bem como em base de dados oficiais disponíveis, dentre as quais: Atlas de Vulnerabilidade Social, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e Secretaria de Segurança Pública de São Paulo. Explorando algumas abordagens teóricas fundamentais para compreensão da desigualdade, da pobreza e do processo de globalização e compreendendo o processo histórico da ocupação capitalista no Pontal do Paranapanema e do avanço da implantação das unidades prisionais no Estado de São Paulo, foi possível problematizar e compreender as circunstâncias do processo de massificação do encarceramento apoiado pelo Estado enquanto ação de desenvolvimento regional. Apresentou-se a análise dos resultados do trabalho de campo, destacando a compreensão das autoridades e também da população sobre a unidade prisional instalada. Nas considerações finais, apontou-se os impactos sociais, econômicos, ambientais e culturais relacionados à implantação da unidade prisional e ao desenvolvimento regional.

As one of the most prominent female film directors, Sylvia Chang has always had women as the main subject of her attention. Previous researchers focused on the analysis of female characters, and explored the awakening of female consciousness in her films, but they often ignored the analysis of male characters. Other scholars thought the female consciousness was very limited in her films. In this thesis, from the perspective of female consciousness, I would like to explore how women resolve dilemmas in Chang’s three films, 20 30 40 (2004), Murmur of the Hearts (Niannian念念, 2015) and Love Education (Xiang ai xiang qin 相爱相亲, 2017). I argue Sylvia Chang’s works demonstrate a new perspective of female consciousness: Women’s dilemmas are from the traditional gender roles in love, family and society. They can resolve these dilemmas by searching for self-identity, psychologically transforming, and reconciling. After their rebirth, women, as liberated individuals, can choose what role to fulfill, regardless of whether that choice is traditional or not. During this process, men are not always seen as barriers for women’s growth.

Society and technology are advancing, in which morality is being artificially implemented into machines, often known as artificial moral agency. Along with this implementation, knowledge about the underpinnings of morality, such as the neurocognitive and ethical basis are an important matter. Human moral judgment has been speculated to be a function for survival, as it favors altruism and prosocial behavior. The neural correlates of moral judgment stem from several structures of the human brain that control cognitive and affective functions such as decision making, cognitive control, theory of mind (ToM) and empathy. In relation to these, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) has been widely linked to moral behavior such as ToM and moral judgment. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been linked to regulation of conflict and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) to remain cognitive control, which both have strong correlations to moral behavior. Damage to areas such as the vmPFC and ACC have demonstrated abnormal response to guilt, ToM, empathy, risky behavior as well as sociopathic tendencies, which emphasizes the importance of these structures for human morality. By investigating research in the fields of cognitive neuroscience, moral psychology and machine ethics, this thesis aims at seeking out the importance of cognitive neuroscience for the development of artificial moral agency and to furthermore discuss the necessity of emotions in artificial moral agents, which naturally lack the affective part of moral judgment. Lastly, this thesis will cover some of the main dilemmas with this integration and some future implications.

Through its growing popularity, social media platforms have become influential in our society. Data tracking allows social media platforms to continue providing free and personalized services. Scholars and professionals have argued that data tracking can be harmful to individual privacy and can be used to change peoples’ behaviour without them being aware of this. This thesis focusses on how millennials deal with data tracking dilemmas in their social media use. As digital natives, millennials have grown up in a digital society, and therefor are often suggested to have a unique perspective on issues such as data tracking. This study is focused on why millennials use social media platforms, what dilemmas they identify regarding data tracking, how millennials act upon these dilemmas and how millennials reflect on their own behaviour compared to that of other generations. Based on 16 semi-structured interviews and 4 focus groups, this thesis relates the behaviour of Dutch millennials regarding data tracking and social media use to theories such as mediatization, platformization, the privacy paradox and media generations. This thesis finds that besides communication, entertainment and social engagement are also deeply shaped by mediatization and platformization. The participants identified three interrelated aspects of the privacy dilemma: the filter bubble, monetization and power. In acting upon these dilemmas, the behaviour of some participants confirms the notion of the privacy paradox. However, another group of participants indicated that they do not experience the dilemmas as such, and therefore do not act upon them. A last group of participants shared that they have found multiple ways in which to act upon the dilemmas they identify. This study thus concludes that the privacy paradox seems more nuanced than its conceptualization, because the participants find ways to deal with the dilemmas they identify.

The aim of this thesis is to try to understand the experiences of Swedish-born adoptees during the process of searching for and meeting their biological family. The subjects have been recruited from the Organisation of Adult Adoptees and Foster Children (AFO) and some other sources. The group consists of 20 adult Swedish-born adoptees, ten women and ten men.   Data have been collected through questionnaires with both open-ended and closed questions regarding their childhood and through interviews with structured questions and follow-up questions concerning the search process. The elaboration of data bas followed the search process and highlighted common features, which have brought about certain themes. The analysis of the descriptions has been made according to some existential key concepts in order to deepen the understanding of the search process. Thus, some broadly human existential dilemmas have emerged.  The results indicate a heterogeneous group of subjects. One salient feature is that the search process has been activated in critical situations when lack of knowledge about identity and heredity has been experienced. Another distinct result is the need to get physical likeness confirmed when meeting biological relatives. Such an experience has met a deficiency. Yet another distinct result is the need of contact, no matter the quality, with biological relatives so as to experience closeness built on biological bonds. There has been a will to establish lasting relationships in order to experience identity and continuity. Furthermore, many have experienced during the search process that getting a biological family has added a new dimension to their lives and contributed to personal healing. The adoptees' search for their origin can be seen as a process where broadly human existential dilemmas are particularly prominent.

Social workers are constantly faced with different dilemmas which affects their professional approach while dealing with children and young adults. These dilemmas are frequently a result of conflicting laws. On one hand the child perspective should be prominent and on the other hand the dominance of parental rights are overtaking. An issue is when parents decline help and support despite being in need of assistance. The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding and broader knowledge of the dilemmas social workers who specialise in child- and youth welfare face in their practice. We have also studied social workers' experiences in dealing with these dilemmas. To answer our aim we have used a qualitative method while conducting interviews with seven social workers. These informants have professional experience in working for social services with public authority relating to children and young adults under the age of eighteen. The result reflects the occupational life of social workers and the constant attempt to handle complex situations and ethical dilemmas. Your three main themes are presented as: approach to the legal system, approach to the parents and approach to the profession. Dilemmas that do not have simple solutions or quick fixes.

Throughout the last decade wars have created a certain interest in reflection upon rights, justice and the causes for which people may or may not be killed. Soldiers are expected to make decisions about life and death in extremely difficult circumstances and complex situations during war. With conflicting obligations, they are forced to choose between orders, duty and ethical values in situations where not all can be met at the same time. Scholars in military ethics argues that ethical challenges and dilemmas can be overcome by using ethical reasoning processes such as moral judgement, moral competence and through different moral principles in the conduct of war. This study investigates how Swedish soldiers reason between moral dilemmas they might encounter in their professional practice and aims to explore if there is a conflict between their moral obligations and duty. It aims to improve the understanding of how Swedish soldiers justify the use of lethal force and obeying orders, and what underlying ethical and moral factors that affect their judgements and justifications. Qualitative scenario-based results show that their moral judgements are based foremost on consequentialist grounds, with good moral competence to adapt their judgements when faced with moral dilemmas. Subconsciously they follow the rules and moral principles of war, putting great emphasis on their trust and dependence on fellow soldiers as well as higher military bodies, although they are likely to disobey orders when it doesn’t seem morally justified.

Thesis (M. A. (English Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2019 / The purpose of this research was to analyse and investigate the dilemmas of women in relationships in the literary text Love Interrupted by Reneilwe Malatji published in 2012, using the feminist framework. The study explores how women are negatively affected by their relationships with their partners/husbands. Furthermore, the study focuses on how they are disadvantaged by cultural and societal expectations and how difficult it is for them to live with their in-laws. The primary text, Love Interrupted, is analysed to answer the three research questions that this study raises. The three research questions are: (1) Does the influence of culture and society affect the women in the short stories? (2) Do the perceptions that extended family members have of women undermine and diminish their sense of self-worth in the short stories? (3) In what ways are the children in the short stories used by the women in adulterous and abusive relationships? Because the short stories are written by a woman writer, the anthology gives first-hand experience on the dilemmas that the women in the short stories find themselves in as far as relationships, cultural and societal expectations are concerned. This study employed a qualitative framework which applied critical content analysis in interpreting the short stories. The analysis focused on four short stories in the anthology: “Love Interrupted”, “The Things We Do for Love”, “Lebo’s story 1: A Young Girl’s Dream Interrupted” and “My Perfect Husband” set in the Bapedi culture of the Limpopo province The findings of the study are that women, especially those in the rural areas of South Africa, are expected to be submissive and subordinate to their spouses. As a result of this, cultural and societal expectations have disadvantaged them greatly. They find excuses to put up with their abusive and adulterous husbands in the name of raising their children with the male figure around, and mostly they stay in these relationships in order to earn respect from community members. The study also found other reasons why women in the short stories are forced to stay in the abusive and adulterous relationships with their spouses: financial instability, stigmatization of unmarried and divorced women, and cultural and societal expectations to be strong women. This study employed feminist theory in the analysis of the dilemmas of the women in the selected short stories. Feminist theory provided a lens through which to understand the women’s dilemmas. Through feminist theory, it becomes apparent that the women are subjected to male dominance and societal expectations which prescribe submissive roles for women. Thus, they are not in a position to question or challenge the cultural practices which denigrate them. Their opinion in matters is never sought; they are simply expected to comply with the interests of men. The feminist analysis of the short stories suggests that there is still a great need to continue the fight against gender inequality in South Africa.

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