Diploma thesis under the title "The Ethical dilemmas of social workers of department of social and legal protection of children in České Budějovice in making decision about remove child" deals with dilemmas of social workers of department of social and legal protection of children (OSPOD). It indicates the issues related with family, such as the faults of the family, the forms of the Czech family, etc. Then it focuses on the professional activity of social workers OSPOD in České Budějovice and the related legislation. The aim of the thesis is to submit a comprehensive overview of the ethical dilemmas of social workers OSPOD in České Budějovice, which they might encounter in the profession and to present the importance of ethics for social work. The thesis points to the potential risks associated with the Code of Ethics, disparate requirements and expectations of clients from the social worker, a complex of services required from the social worker and also introduces the importance of cooperation in a multidisciplinary team of the social worker.

The aim of the dissertation is to form and to reflect individual dilemmas and to search possible approaches and methods of their solution. The task of this dissertation is to describe and sum up possible dilemmas by providing of socials services to families with children in a non-profit-making institution. The dissertation is divided in six chapters where I describe apart from other things a family and social work with it. At the same time a stabilization of the family as one of the most effective form of help to dysfunctional families is introduced here. Further chapters are devoted to ethic and ethical dilemmas. A part of the dissertation is qualitative research realised in form of structured interview with social workers who provide social works to dysfunctional families in a non-profit-making institution. On conclusion of the dissertation there is the analysis of the dilemma from the practice of interviewed workers with help of three ethical theories deontology, utilitarism and ethic of the care. The social work is so connected with ethic in the practice.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_tb_me_rcla.pdf: 1446448 bytes, checksum: b3d421c53380047ad9c5493923c1a86b (MD5) / É visível a preocupação com um modelo de Educação que tenha como princípio a formação da cidadania. Surge, portanto, no meio escolar, a necessidade de se produzir ações que focalizem o ensino de valores morais, dentro desse contexto, uma vez que aos educadores e a todos os agentes envolvidos com a Educação é atribuída a tarefa de se educar ética e moralmente os indivíduos. E este é o interesse desta pesquisa, que apresenta uma alternativa de intervenção pedagógica que culmina na prática da discussão de dilemas morais encontrados no enredo das Fábulas Italianas, compiladas por Ítalo Calvino em 1954. Os objetivos que permearam todo o desenrolar desta pesquisa foram: identificar o nível evolutivo da noção de justiça em que se encontram os sujeitos participantes, de acordo com as teorias de Piaget e Kohlberg, em duas classes do Ensino Fundamental (uma experimental e outra de controle), dentro de uma instituição pública de ensino e verificar se o trabalho pedagógico com o enredo de algumas fábulas italianas, por meio da técnica da discussão moral, implica em uma evolução qualitativa no nível do raciocínio moral. Para tanto, os sujeitos participaram de um pré-teste que corresponde às respostas dadas aos dilemas de Kohlberg. Posteriormente, participaram da intervenção pedagógica e, por último, realizaram o pós-teste com os mesmos questionamentos aplicados no pré-teste. A análise qualitativa dos dados baseou-se nesses depoimentos fornecidos pelos sujeitos, tendo o cuidado de acompanharmos o raciocínio e a estrutura de seu pensamento, caracterizando o seu estágio de raciocínio moral antes e depois de todo o trabalho de intervenção pedagógica, relacionando-os sempre com as teorias de Piaget e Kohlberg e com a teoria da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (1977). Observou-se, ao final dessa pesquisa, que os sujeitos que participaram da Classe Experimental... / It is clearly identifiable the existence of a strong concern towards the existence of an Education model that aims for citizenship development. As a consequence, the school environment holds the need for actions that focus on the teaching of moral values, considering that educators and other teaching-related agents have the difficult task of teaching their pupils both ethic and morally. The present research attempts to introduce an alternative pedagogical intervention which results in the discussion of moral dilemmas taken from the plot of Italian Folktales, compiled by Italo Calvino in 1954. One of the objectives pursued throughout this research was: to identify the level of justice maturity of each participant according to Piaget and Kohlberg theories in two groups of Secondary school (being one the experimental group and other the control group) from a public school. The second objective was to assess the pedagogical work with the plot of some Italian folktales - through moral discussion method - as a means of qualitative evolution in the level of moral reasoning. In order to achieve this result, the participants sat for a pre-test which fits Kohlberg dilemmas‟ answers. Afterwards, they were involved in a data gathering process during the period of pedagogical intervention and in the end, they sat for a post-test involving the same questions previously applied in the pre-test. The datum qualitative analysis was based on the testimony provided by participants. During the analysis, the reasoning and the structure of their thinking were closely observed in order to qualify their stage of moral reasoning before and after all the work of pedagogical intervention, applying Piaget and Kohlberg theories as well as the theory of content analysis by Bardin (1977). At the end of this research, it was observed that all the experimental group participants achieved a superior moral reasoning... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:26:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1135408 bytes, checksum: b2754e1382122fef8c3aa553db26c1a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research seeks to build theoretical reflection on the meaning and importance of the concepts of "individual" and "person" in the relational sociology of Roberto DaMatta. The fundamental question that guides the study says that these concepts are fundamental and recurring, not only for the explanatory model of the sociology of Roberto DaMatta, but also for the Brazilian social thought, forming with other concepts (paternalism, personalism, tradition and modernity) a basic system for the interpretation of Brazilian society. In this sense, we seek to outline the meanings of concepts in the relational sociology of Roberto DaMatta as key categories in the process of explanation and understanding of Brazilian society, analyzing the logic and semantics of the concepts and the difference with other sociological interpretations. In this process of reflection was necessary to analyze critical about the work of DaMatta, especially those made by Jessé Souza. / A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, pretendemos construir reflexão teórica sobre os significados e importância dos conceitos de indivíduo e pessoa no arcabouço da sociologia relacional de Roberto DaMatta. A questão de fundo que norteia o estudo diz que os conceitos em análise são cruciais e recorrentes, não só para o modelo explicativo damatiano, mas para o pensamento sociológico brasileiro como um todo, formando com outros conceitos (patrimonialismo, personalismo, tradição e modernidade) um sistema basilar para a interpretação do Brasil. Neste sentido, pretende-se delinear os significados e as articulações que os conceitos assumem na sociologia relacional de Roberto DaMatta como categorias fundamentais no processo de explicação e compreensão da sociedade brasileira, procurando colocar em evidência o parentesco lógico e semântico, além dos afastamentos, com outras interpretações do pensamento social geral e brasileiro. Neste processo de reflexão, faz-se necessário apontar algumas fragilidades do esquema damatiano, expostas por seus críticos, dentre eles, Jessé Souza.

My diploma work deals with the ethical approach of workers who come into contact with the clients committed criminal offences. The work focus on ethical issues of the social workers who are in contact with the clients with social pathology, perpetrators, involuntary clients and with persons suffering from asocial behaviour. The ethical approaches are connected with various ethical paradoxes, problems and they are a part of ethical dilemma. These facts arise in ethical attitudes in connection with client and simultaneously in situation of burn-out syndrome. The target of this work is to focus on ethical issues and on the problems which are connected with the duties of the social workers. The main target of my diploma work was to find out ethical errors of workers in social services in access to the client and find out the range of burn-out syndrome by social workers. The aim of my research has been achieved. The method of quantitative analytic research was applied. The questionnaire survey and its assessment was used. It is the quantitative research. As respondents were chosen members of the Prison Service of the Czech Republic and workers of the Educational institution for Children and Youth and the Educational Centre for Children and Youth in Šindlovy Dvory. The second file of respondents was comprised by members of the Probation and Mediation Service of the Czech Republic.

O presente estudo teve por objetivos conhecer a percepção de enfermeiros sobre dilemas éticos existentes na assistência de enfermagem a pacientes terminais no contexto da UTI de um hospital geral do município de São Paulo e o que é considerado para a tomada de decisão frente a esses dilemas. O estudo foi realizado numa abordagem qualitativa, sendo utilizada a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Foram realizadas entrevistas com dez enfermeiros atuantes na UTI. Após análise, emergiram as seguintes categorias e subcategorias: Categoria 1– Fatores geradores de dilemas. Subcategorias - valores e crenças, responsabilidade profissional e a relação com a família do paciente terminal; Categoria 2- Fatores que influenciam a tomada de decisão Subcategorias - o esclarecimento da família e do paciente terminal, a postura profissional de enfermeiros e médicos, as dificuldades referidas por enfermeiros, valores e princípios dos profissionais; Categoria 3- Participação no processo de tomada de decisão. Subcategorias - o paciente terminal, a família do paciente terminal, a equipe médica e os enfermeiros.; categoria 4- Interferências na assistência de enfermagem ao paciente terminal; Subcategorias - a organização do cuidado e os valores pessoais; categoria 5- Considerações sobre a terminalidade e sentimentos relacionados ao paciente terminal e categoria 6 - Constatação da obstinação terapêutica. O estudo mostrou que os enfermeiros deparam-se com dilemas éticos decorrentes da internação de pacientes terminais em UTI gerados por diversos fatores: a diversidade de valores; a presença dos pacientes terminais na UTI; os princípios religiosos; os valores pessoais; as incertezas a respeito da terminalidade do paciente e dos limites de intervenção para prolongar a vida; a responsabilidade profissional relacionada à sobrecarga de tarefas; a discordância de tomadas de decisão; a necessidade de priorizar o atendimento entre pacientes terminais e outros com possibilidades terapêuticas; a não aceitação do processo de morte pela família do paciente e a falta de esclarecimento sobre o seu quadro clínico. Foi constatado que os enfermeiros não participam ativamente das tomadas de decisão relacionadas às condutas com o paciente terminal, mas consideram importante a participação da família, o respeito pelo desejo do paciente e a participação de outros profissionais nesse processo. Além disso, para tomar decisão frente aos dilemas éticos, ele leva em conta os seus valores, a ética profissional, a empatia e o diálogo com os colegas. / The aims of the present study are twofold: to know the nurses perception about the existing ethical dilemmas during nursing assistance to terminal patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) context of a general hospital in São Paulo city, and what is considered in the decision-making when facing those dilemmas. The study was carried out with a qualitative approach, utilizing the content analysis proposed by Bardin. Interviews were made with ten practicing nurses in the ICU. After analysis, there emerged the following categories and subcategories: Category 1– Dilemma-generating factors. Subcategories - values and beliefs, professional responsibility, and the relation with terminal patient’s family; Category 2- Factors that influence the decision-making. Subcategories - the explanations to the family and to the terminal patient, the professional posture of nurses and doctors, the difficulties referred to by nurses, and the values and principles of these professionals; Category 3- Participation on process of decision-making. Subcategories - the terminal patient, the family of the terminal patient, the medical team, and the nurses; Category 4- Interferences in nursing support to the terminal patient; Subcategories - care organization and personal values; Category 5- Considerations on the terminality and feelings related to the terminal patient, and category 6 – therapeutic obstinacy verification. The study showed that the nurses face ethical dilemmas resulting from the terminal patient’s admission in the ICU generated by several factors: diversity of values; presence of terminal patients in the ICU; religious principles; personal values; uncertainties regarding the terminality of the patient and the limits of intervention to prolong life; the professional responsibility related to the overload of tasks; decision-taking discord; the necessity to prioritize care between terminal patient and others with therapeutical possibilities; non-acceptance of the death process by the patient’s family, and the absence of explanations about their clinical status. It was verified that the nurses do not participate actively in the decisions for dealing with the terminal patient, but they consider important the family participation, the respect for the patient’s wishes and the participation of other professionals in the process. In addition to that, they take into account their values, professional ethics, the empathy, and the dialogue with colleagues when taking decisions in the face of ethical dilemmas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:00:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL DEUEL.pdf: 526441 bytes, checksum: 6da5dafb73ab9fbe9bd47c37c1ebab2a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-09 / This dissertation is a documentary research diagnosis of character you want to enlarge the perception of the "alleged needs of the market" and teacher training courses in Biology, Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics in both the elementary school and in high school, and has some of the dilemmas related to science and mathematics teachers in the state of Goiás Begins with a discussion that relates education, demand and structure, then do a historical retrospective of the consolidation of Higher Education in Brazil trying to make in parallel, the process of building Law of Guidelines and Bases and the National Plan of Education, within the period f rom 1991 to 2006, which is marked by a major range of LDB/96 approval, which probably inf luenced the expansion of the number of IES in the country, but specif ically in Goiás, where was the focus of this dissertation, we tried to get data cataloged by INEP, IBGE, SEEGo, and others in an attempt to elucidate issues concerning the training of teachers of Science and Mathematics in the State. Finally, f rom the dif ferent elements worked until now, realized the necessity of explanation of some dilemmas that are presented, more clearly, depending on the characteristic look of this dissertation. Such dilemmas are: Rejection, Occupation, Training and Survival. The f irst dilemma is characterized by denial that society has shown how the demand for courses in Science. This refusal may be the original work (dilemma 2) that are available and that, consequently, have undergone a training (dilemma 3) very specif ic. This training has enabled the existence of people, through the survival (dilemma 4) occupation, have been shown in some cases almost exclusively, as a reference positive or negative for society / Esta dissertação resulta de uma pesquisa documental de caráter diagnóstico que pretende ampliar a percepção entre as supostas necessidades de mercado e a formação de professores nos cursos de Biologia, Física, Matemática e Química tanto no ensino fundamental quanto no ensino médio e que apresenta alguns dos dilemas ligados aos professores em Ciências e Matemática no estado de Goiás. Inicia-se com uma discussão que relaciona educação, demanda e estrutura; em seguida, faz um retrospecto histórico da consolidação da Educação Superior no Brasil e apresenta em paralelo, o processo de construção da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases e do Plano Nacional de Educação no período 1991 a 2006, um importante intervalo marcado pela aprovação da LDB/96, que provavelmente, inf luenciou na expansão do número de IES no país, mas especif icamente em Goiás, foco desta dissertação, procurou-se buscar dados catalogados pelo INEP, IBGE, SEEGo, e outros, na tentativa de elucidar questões referentes à formação de professores de Ciências e Matemática no Estado. Finalmente, a partir dos diversos elementos trabalhados, percebeu-se a necessidade da explicitação de quatro dilemas: Rejeição, Prof issão, Formação e Sobrevivência. O primeiro dilema se fundamenta pela negação que a sociedade tem mostrado quanto à procura dos cursos das Ciências. Esta recusa pode ter como origem a atuação dos prof issionais (2°dilema) que s e têm à disposição e que, conseqüentemente, passaram por uma formação (3°dilema) específ ica. Tal formação tem possibilitado a existência de pessoas que por meio da sobrevivência (4°dilema) na prof issão, têm se apres entado, em alguns casos, quase que unicamente, como referência positiva e/ou negativa para os futuros seguidores desta prof issão

In British Columbia (BC) foresters registered with the Association of BC Forest Professionals (ABCFP) have been given the exclusive right to practise professional forestry. As with all professions there is an expectation that Registered Professional Foresters (RPFs) conduct their activities in an ethical manner and are therefore obligated to act as an ethical agent on behalf of society regarding forest resources. If a certain level of ethical agency is desired of professionals we need to understand whether or not an RPF possesses the ability (defined as their discretion) to sufficiently fulfil this responsibility. Rule-based and principle-based standards of forest management, an RPF’s scope of practice, and the socio-political framework of public forest management in BC all come together to define an RPF’s discretionary context, which sets the limits to an RPF’s discretion. This context is highly idiosyncratic to a specific situation or decision and this makes the RPF’s discretion similarly idiosyncratic. This suggests that an RPF should not be accountable for a standard of ethical agency that does not reflect the context-dependent level of discretion they possess. Fifteen interviews of RPFs were conducted for this study to discuss their approach to ethical decision making. The analysis of the interviews revealed 12 major themes, several of which appear to be highly idiosyncratic to the situations described by the participants. The way these themes were perceived by the participants revealed the differences in the discretionary context of their situations. Several aspects of ethical deliberation emerged from the data that appear to be particular to broad employer categories, including delegated decision-making (government), economic and forest health considerations (industry), and the tension between personal and professional values (consultants). / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

Bakgrund: Att ta beslut om ej HLR började redan på 50-talet och har visat sig vara ett svårt etiskt beslut. Ofta missförstås begreppet ej HLR och behandlingsbegränsningar av vårdpersonalen, vilket i förlängningen kan leda till olika vård av olika patienter beroende på hur den personal som är i tjänst tolkar begreppet. Sjuksköterskor ställs ofta inför etiska dilemman vid beslut kring behandling i livets slutskede, dels gentemot läkare och undersköterskor men även gentemot patient och anhöriga. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser och erfarenheter av behandlingsbegränsningsbeslut gällande ej HLR. Metod: Semistrukturerad intervjustudie av åtta sjuksköterskor på en akutvårdsklinik, analys med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier utifrån sjuksköterskornas upplevelser och erfarenheter av behandlingsbegränsningsbeslut om ej HLR: Sjuksköterskors kunskap & erfarenhet, sjuksköterskors känsla av frustration och sjuksköterskors upplevelse av etiska dilemman. Sjuksköterskorna hade erfarit skillnader i kunskapsläget gällande behandlingsbegränsningar och ej HLR inom alla personalkategorier. Där fanns också en upplevelse av frustration bland annat när det saknades beslut om ej HLR och när de inte delade åsikt med beslutade läkare. Detta resulterade också i att de ställdes inför etiska dilemman när de var tvungna att påbörja HLR på grund av avsaknad av behandlingsbegränsnings beslut om ej HLR. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna hade upplevelse och erfarenhet av brister i kommunikationen mellan vårdpersonal inom alla personalkategorier. Önskemål om mer utbildning och diskussion i ämnet utrycktes för att förbättra beslutsfattandet och vården av de patienter som har eller bör ha beslut om ej HLR. / Background: DNR-decisions started in the 50´s and it has been proven as a difficult ethical decision. Often there is a misunderstanding of the concept of DNR and end-of-life decisions among the hospital staff, which can lead to differences in care of patients. Nurses´ often experience ethical dilemmas when decisions regarding treatment must be taken in the final stages of life, both against doctors and other nurses, but also to patients and their relatives. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of DNR decisions. Method: A semi-structured interview study of eight nurses in an acute care unit, analysis with qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in three categories based on nurses´ experiences of end-of-life decisions and DNR; Nurses knowledge and experience, nurse´ sense of frustration and nurses´ experience of ethical dilemmas. The nurses´ had experienced differences in the knowledge regarding end-of-life decisions and DNR in all categories of staff. There was also an experience of frustration in when there was no decision on DNR and when they did not share the view with the doctor. This also resulted in that they were faced with ethical dilemmas when they had to begin CPR because of the absence of DNR-decision. Conclusion: The nurses had sensed and experienced lack of communication between health professionals in all categories of staff. Desire for more education and discussion on the subject was expressed in order to improve decision making and care of patients who have or should have the decision of DNR.

Abstrakt Studiens syfte Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra hur marknadsföringen från olika typer av resebolag speglar deras inställning och förhållningssätt till etiska dilemman samt att jämföra om eller hur de skiljer sig i frågan. Teoretiska referensramar Studiens slutsatser dras med stöd i Corporate social responsibility, hållbart agerande samt turismens etiska dilemman med code of conduct som främsta referens.    Metod En kvalitativ forskning utifrån pusselbitsansatsen har gjorts med en deduktiv utgångspunkt. Kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer har använts för att samla in primärdata. Intervjuerna gjordes via telefon eller mejl, där även följdfrågor bifogats och svarats på efter vardera intervju.   Empiri Svar från fem olika intervjuer på fyra olika resebolag samt en skribent i ämnet. Intervjufrågor och svar finns bifogat i bilagor och sammanfattat i resultatdelen. Slutsats Studien visar på stora skillnader i hur de olika resebolagen marknadsför sig, vilket verkar ha att göra med dels typen av resebolag och storleken på företaget. Vissa har ett proaktivt förhållningssätt till hållbart agerande och arbetar förebyggande med det, medan andra har ett mer reaktivt eller till och med defensivt förhållningssätt. Branschen har visat sig ha en tendens att utesluta viss information i sin marknadsföring, vilket verkar bero på att de visar det kunderna vill se. Det kunder inte ser, tas inte hänsyn till och det är därmed företagets ansvar att presentera på rätt sätt. Enligt vår studie finns det särskilda typdrag som utmärker resebolagens etiska ställningstaganden i deras marknadsföring, och dessa typdrag speglas även i resebolagens respektive framtidsvisioner. Gällande framtida forskning ser vi gärna att ämnet undersöks ytterligare fast mer koncentrerat, inriktat på endast en typ av resebolag. Även forskning ur konsumentperspektivet hade vi funnit intressant.