This ethnographic study explores treatment practices and staff-resident interaction at a detention home for young men, drawing on video recorded conversations and interviews. It investigates ideological dilemmas inherent in the institutional setting and how these produce complex subject positions to uptake, negotiate or refuse. Study I explores a core treatment dilemma: coercion vs. freedom, involving the dual institutional goal of coercing residents into norm abiding behavior and of producing individuals who behave "properly" out of their own free will. It focuses on staff members’ talk about token economy, illuminating rhetorical resources deployed to avoid the troubled subject position of a disciplinarian. Study II investigates disciplinary humor, illuminating how humor is used both to impose and disrupt social order. It shows how staff members and youths skillfully deploy humor in negotiating local hierarchies related to authority, generation, and age. Humor was also found to be a useful way of navigating ideological dilemmas. Study III explores behavior modification practices, focusing on how selfassessment practices can be conceptualized as responsibilization that emphasizes self-regulation. It documents the participants’ engagement in strategic deployment of specific subject position relations, “young boy”-caregiver rather than delinquent-disciplinarian. In brief, the thesis shows that subject positions are essentially co-constructed, and how positions related to age are highly relevant in this institutional setting. Paradoxical aspects of subject positions provide discursive resources that can be deployed to navigate ideological dilemmas such as that of coercion vs. freedom, but also to handle issues of authenticity. / Denna etnografiska studie undersöker behandlingspraktiker och interaktion mellan personal och ungdomar på ett särskilt ungdomshem för unga män. Materialet består framförallt av videoinspelad interaktion och intervjuer. I studien utforskas ideologiska dilemman samt hur dessa producerar komplexa subjektspositioner att uppta, förhandla om eller neka. Studie I undersöker ett huvuddilemma: tvång vs. frihet, vilket involverar de dubbla institutionella målen att tvinga ungdomarna till önskvärt beteende och att producera individer som beter sig ”korrekt” av egen fri vilja. Fokus ligger på personalens tal om teckenekonomi och studien synliggör retoriska resurser som används för att undvika positionen ”disciplinär personal”. Studie II utforskar disciplinerande humor och synliggör hur humor används både för att skapa och omskapa den sociala ordningen. Studien visar hur personal och ungdomar skickligt använder humor i förhandlingar om lokala hierarkier relaterade till auktoritet, generation och ålder. Humor var också ett sätt att navigera ideologiska dilemman. Studie III undersöker beteendemodifieringspraktiker, med fokus på hur självutvärdering kan förstås som responsibilisering med fokus på själv-reglering. Studien dokumenterar deltagarnas strategiska användning av specifika subjektspositionsrelationer, ”liten pojke”-vårdare snarare än ungdomsbrottsling-disciplinär personal. Sammantaget visar avhandlingen att subjektspositioner i grunden är samkonstruerade och att positioner rörande ålder är ytterst relevanta i denna kontext. Paradoxala aspekter av subjektspositioner bidrar med diskursiva resurser vilka kan användas för att hantera ideologiska dilemman och för att hantera frågor rörande autenticitet.

The purpose with this study is to investigate, scrutinize and to understand the current political situation in Ukraine and why it has not been progressed. The disastrous democratic process and the country´s existing and indefatigable problems are studied through dynamics that deals with the country’s ethnic divisions and the conflict with Russia regarding several regions in Ukraine. In this paper, a case study is used as the method, and by applying Anna Jarstads dilemmas of democracy process and Arend Lijpharts Consociational democracy is as well, the investigation shows that this system of democracy model can be successful Ukraine if they take regards to Anna Jarstads four dilemmas. The conclusion of this study means that it is important to take regards into the dilemmas of democracy and therefore must be regarded to when a country is trying to build a state based on democracy and that no improvement can be done without it. And the process of democracy should take impression of the Consociational democracy model, otherwise it´s more likely that the political volatility will remain and further increase.

This work focus to social and educational work with gypsy adolescents in youth club,consistents of worthiness and human rights. This theoretical work describes Gypsies in the territory of Czech republic mainly in present. It defines and describes period of adolescence, it represents differences between of Gypsies adolescence and youth of majority world. This work decribes youth club as one of the recent social services in Czech republic, focus to explanation of principle low-treshold, definition of purposes, target group, offered services and individual planning. This planning is very important for work with these clients in youth club. There is else definition of human worthiness, human rights and theirs setting to national and international legal documents. The ethical dilemmas are described, which the workers in youth club confronted in praxis in the end. The way of possible approach to maintain and support the human worthiness and client´s rights. The aim of this thesis is to show that workers youth club approach based on respect for the dignity and rights of every human being leads the clients to positively influence their personality and morality, to shape their values.

The thesis is focused on quality standards in social services with the view to clarify the ethical dilemmas that occur in providing client care in elderly homes. Firstly, the work focuses on the transformation of social services of the Czech Republic at the turn of the 20th and 21st century, the emergence of Act no. 108/2006 of Social services, from which emerged for social service providers a legal obligation to create and follow standard of quality that are defined further. Subsequently the thesis continues with the ethics of social work and social workers' Code of Ethics, which sets out the values and ethical principles for their work. This is followed by the description of the ethical dilemmas and ethical issues directly determining the target group of clients who use services of homes for the elderly. This group is also described. The last part of the thesis deals with reflection of concrete ethical dilemmas. Provided dilemmas are solved by standards of quality created by the team of workers working in home for the elderly clients, who in 2012 successfully passed inspections of social services.

The task of this diploma thesis is to describe and summerize the ethical dilemmas that occur in the work of social workers in low-threshold facilities for children and youth. The aim of this work is to formulate individual ethical dilemmas faced by social workers in social work with risky youth in low-threshold facilities for children and youth, and then to perform subsequently the analysis of one selected ethical dilemma using three ethical theories. The basis for collecting information was a qualitative research - the research probe, specifically, the method of questioning, the technique of the semi-structured interview with social workers. The diploma thesis is divided into five chapters in which I describe the formation and development of low-threshold facilities, the clients of these facilities and the aspects influencing their risk. Other chapters are devoted to ethics and ethical dilemmas in general. In conclusion of the thesis, the analysis of the specific ethical dilemma from the practice of the interviewed social workers is carried out, using three ethical theories deontology, utilitarianism and ethics of care. This is the case when ethics and social work link and point out the possibility of using ethical theories in professional practice.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:50:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 62818.pdf.jpg: 12937 bytes, checksum: 1e36d7999a24205339f44fc2cb39b008 (MD5) 62818.pdf: 1990676 bytes, checksum: ad7e8efbf8383a6dc1396b30b90b64c7 (MD5) 62818.pdf.txt: 316727 bytes, checksum: d7cdc93a9b5934dbadff748293760a21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-02T00:00:00Z / Across the years, study fields such as Political Sciences, Organizations and Economy have dedicated to the subject of the role of regulatory mechanisms on the decision behavior of agents. From different perspectives and approaches, each one of those fields have studied the impact of regulatory instruments on the decision of the players for a given action orientation. From the most frequently quoted instruments on the literature to regulate the action of the agents, we can point out formal and informal regulatory mechanisms. An intense debate over the studies dedicated to the subject has taken place, discussing the efficiency of each of those mechanisms on the player s decision. Given the relevance of such debate, the present study aims to compare the effectiveness of formal and informal regulatory mechanisms on one’s decision of cooperating to social dilemmas. Such dilemmas are situations on which a person, searching for one’s own interests, takes the group to worse results than those that would have been reached if there were cooperation among the group. To reach the goal of this study, we performed an experiment with undergraduate students from EAESP-FGV to test in an experimental environment the behavior of the agents under the pressure of two regulatory mechanisms. The results of this experiment showed that the informal regulatory mechanisms have a greater influence on the player s decision to cooperate and the presence of such mechanisms reduces the necessity of using a formal regulatory mechanism to ensure the cooperation from members of a group. / Ao longo dos anos, campos de estudos como os de ciência política, organizações e economia vêm se debruçando sobre a questão do papel de mecanismos regulativos no comportamento decisório do indivíduo. A partir de óticas e abordagens diferentes, cada um desses campos vem estudando o impacto de instrumentos de regulação na conformação dos atores para determinada orientação de ação. Dos instrumentos mais citados na literatura para regular a ação do ator, podemos apontar os mecanismos formais e informais de regulação. Um intenso debate entre os trabalhos dedicados ao assunto vem sendo travado, discutindo a eficiência de cada um deles na conformação do ator. Dada a relevância desse debate, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a efetividade de mecanismos formais e informais de regulação na decisão de cooperação do indivíduo em dilemas sociais, que são situações onde cada indivíduo ao buscar seu interesse próprio, leva a coletividade a resultados piores do que aqueles que seriam atingidos, caso houvesse cooperação do grupo. Para alcançarmos o objetivo do trabalho, realizou-se um experimento com alunos da graduação da EAESP-FGV para testar em ambiente laboratorial o comportamento dos agentes sob a pressão dos dois mecanismos de regulação. Os resultados do experimento mostraram que mecanismos informais de regulação têm maior influência na decisão de cooperação do ator, assim como sua presença diminui a necessidade do uso de um mecanismo formal de regulação para assegurar a cooperação dos membros de um grupo.

Esta tese estuda as possibilidades de propor discussões que dêem visibilidade às relações ético-políticas do indivíduo no coletivo assente na atividade da escuta do outro, operacionalizada em estratégias de problematização de dilemas éticos em informática, com estudantes de graduação, a partir de conteúdos de uma disciplina desse curso. A expressão “a munhu i munhu ka vanhu” é proveniente do Xirhonga (uma das línguas nacionais de Moçambique, também chamadas línguas bantu) e significa que “uma pessoa é uma pessoa através de outras pessoas” (tradução literária), ou que a pessoa se forma no coletivo; não estamos sozinhos no mundo, fazemos parte um do outro. Num contexto fortemente marcado pela oralidade a munhu i munhu ka vanhu é usada para orientar a aprendizagem dos conhecimentos (cognitiva), das habilidades e competências (técnica), na articulação com a vivência de valores e da ética com base na experimentação de situações de exposição ao conhecimento específico, permitindo inferir generalizações, conhecimentos universais, bem como interação entre as verdades particular e universal, buscando desenvolver o espírito de tolerância, a capacidade de entender e acolher o outro, o respeito pelas multiplicidades/diferenças e pela dignidade humana em prol de uma convivência harmoniosa. O estudo questiona se possibilidades de vivências, através de experimentações éticas, podem ser desenvolvidas/utilizadas no contexto escolar (no ensino presencial, semi-presencial, a distância), considerando a filosofia a munhu i munhu ka vanhu, a disponibilidade e pluralidade das TIC e a participação ativa dos estudantes, reconhecendo, analisando e acolhendo com “empatia” os posicionamentos/contribuições dos colegas frente a uma situação-problema no coletivo. A tese surge do questionamento do autor às suas práticas docentes instigadas pela imersão nas dinâmicas e vivências do Laboratório de Estudos em Linguagem, Interação e Cognição/Criação (LELIC/UFRGS) através do Projeto Civitas Moçambique-Brasil. A pesquisa sustenta-se na intervenção, pelo viés de in(ter)venção, adotando uma abordagem dialógica guiada pelos princípios orientadores da pesquisa em ciências humanas propostos por Bakhtin e seus comentadores. Os enunciados (orais e escritos, verbais e não-verbais) dos estudantes e do professor-pesquisador, produzidos no contexto interacional de construção e discussão dos dilemas éticos (em sala de aula presencial, no Forchat e as anotações no diário de campo) constituiram o objeto de análise e, foram apreciados dentro do quadro teórico que nos permitiu trabalhar a arquitetônica dialógica da relação eu-outro na perspectiva do ato responsável. Os resultados dão pistas para falar de uma experimentação (est)ética enquanto modo de trabalhar colaborativamente e como potência criadora. A estratégia de uso de dilemas éticos possibilita ressignificar a noção da educação como sistema de valores (valores éticos/morais, cognitivos, técnicos, sociais, culturais,…), podendo ser exercitada criticamente nas salas de aulas, em meio a interações complexas com o contexto problemático que envolve este, e considerando a participação ativa-responsiva dos estudantes, na construção e incorporação de novos conhecimentos ao seu sistema individual de valores, este agenciado ético-politicamente em benefício de uma relação empática e responsável com o coletivo. / This thesis studies the possibilities to propose discussions that give visibility to the ethical-political relations of the individual in the collective based in one-another listening activity, operationalized by ethical dilemmas strategies of questioning in computer science, with undergraduate students, from contents of a given subject in the same course. The expression "a munhu i munhu kana vanhu" comes from Xirhonga (one of the national languages of Mozambique, also called Bantu languages) and means "a person is a person through other people" (literary translation), or that the person is formed in the collective; we are not alone in the world, we are part of each other. In a context strongly marked by orality a munhu i munhu kana vanhu is used to guide the learning of knowledge (cognitive), skills and competences (technical), in articulation with experience of values and ethics based on experience of being self exposed to situations of the specific knowledge, allowing to infer generalizations, universal knowledge and interaction between the particular and universal truths seeking to develop the spirit of tolerance, the ability to understand and accept each other, respect for multiplicities/differences and human dignity for the sake of a harmonious coexistence. This research is wondering what approach possibilities of experiences through ethical trials, can be developed/used in the school context (in the classroom, blended and distance learning), considering the philosophy a munhu i munhu ka vanhu, in the context of availability and plurality of ICT and the active participation of students, recognizing, analyzing and accepting with "empathy" ideas/contributions from colleagues face to a problem situation in the collective? The thesis arises from the author's questioning on his teaching practices instigated by his immersion in its dynamic and experiences of Laboratório de Estudos em Linguagem, Interação e Cognição/Designing (LELIC/UFRGS) through Civitas Project Mozambique-Brazil. The research is based on intervention by means of in(ter)vention, adopting a dialogic approach guided by the guiding principles of research in the humanities proposed by Bakhin and his commentators. The enunciations (oral and written, verbal and non-verbal) of the students and the teacher, produced in the interaction context of construction and discussion of ethical dilemmas (classroom environment, Forchat and notes in logbook) constituted the object analysis and were appreciated within the theoretical framework that allowed us to work the architectural dialogic relationship I-other (one-another) in the perspective of act responsible. The results give clues to speak of ethics-esthetics experimentation as a way to work collaboratively and as creative power. The ethical dilemmas of using strategy enables reframe the notion of education as a value system (ethical values / moral, cognitive, technical, social, cultural, ...) and can be exercised critically in the classroom, through complex interactions with the learning environment challenges, and considering the active-responsive student participation in the construction and development of new knowledge in his/hers individual value system, intermediated ethical-politically in the benefit of an empathic and responsible relationship with the collective.

This thesis deals with the social and ethical aspects of the approach to clients suffering from schizophrenia. The theoretical part presents schizophrenia as a mental disorder that seriously affects our perception of reality and in which changes in personality occur. As a result, problems arise in everyday life, such as establishing close relationships, employment, housing, education or meaningful leisure time activities. These social problems threaten human with social exclusion. The practical part looks into client satisfaction with treatment in medical facilities, the clients´ main problems and offers solutions to such problems by the mediation of follow-up services. The ethical part deals with ethical dilemmas connected with the approach to clients where the common denominator is a thin line between promoting human autonomy and its limitations caused by the treatment of disease.

The diploma thesis deals with issues of vaccination of workers in social services against seasonal influenza in homes for the elderly. Furthermore, this diploma thesis deals with possible ethical dilemmas in connection with cancellation of mandatory vaccination against seasonal influenza as a result of the change of legislation in 2010. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part summarizes the basic information concerning seasonal influenza, its impact and prevention, and also provides an overview of long stay services focused on homes for the elderly. In the theoretical part there are also described the basic aspects relating to ensuring the quality of the service provided. Results of the quantitative research carried out in six homes for the elderly are presented and evaluated in the practical part of the thesis. The main goal of the diploma thesis is to map trends concerning the immunization coverage of workers in social services against seasonal influenza, opinions of these workers, their attitudes towards and motivation for such vaccination. Survey research shows that the cancellation of mandatory vaccination against seasonal influenza had a negative impact on immunization coverage of the workers in social services and that in the past the most common reason for vaccination was the duty laid down by law. Moreover, it follows from the results of the research that currently the main reason for refusal of vaccination lies in distrust in efficiency of vaccination. The research has also shown the importance of practising physicians' recommendations for vaccination and their irreplaceable part in provision of information about influenza. The secondary aim of the thesis was to discover how the workers in homes for the elderly perceive the impact of sickness rate of workers in social services caused by seasonal influenza on functioning of the organisation and on the quality of the services provided. As the research has shown, the workers do not believe that incapacity for work due to influenza has an impact on the functioning and quality of the services provided. Another secondary aim of this thesis was to obtain an overview of possible motivation of the workers in homes for the elderly for increase in immunization coverage against seasonal influenza. It follows from the results of the research in question that the strongest motivation for the workers would be represented by reintroduction of mandatory vaccination. The third secondary aim of the thesis was to identify possible ethical dilemmas with respect to change in duty of vaccination against seasonal influenza. These dilemmas are defined in the conclusion of the practical part of the thesis. The results may be utilized as resource materials for motivation of both the senior employees and other employees of the homes for the elderly for vaccination against seasonal influenza with respect to protection of their clients.

Este estudo relata o que pensam profissionais da saúde, a respeito de usar ou não de alta tecnologia em pacientes neurológicos crônicos em cuidados paliativos, sob o olhar da bioética. Objetivou-se investigar o que fundamenta suas ações, no caso, por exemplo, de uma parada cardíaca, quais os conflitos que vivem e como os resolvem na dinâmica de um hospital público referência em pediatria. O uso de alta tecnologia ajudando a manter a vida biológica, parece tão somente prolongar o sofrimento, quando nada mais há a oferecer enquanto possibilidade de melhora e cura, e sim estaria na hora de aplicar cuidados paliativos. Esses momentos ainda são considerados de responsabilidade da assistência externa e não mais hospitalar. Foi realizada pesquisa de campo envolvendo 146 profissionais da saúde, sendo estes médicos, enfermeiros, psicólogos, psiquiatras, fisioterapeutas, assistentes sociais, nutricionista e fonoaudióloga. A análise foi do tipo quanti-qualitativa, sendo usado o pacote estatístico SPSS e análise de conteúdo de Bardin. O referencial de análise para sustentação dos resultados foi a bioética clínica, preferencialmente de autores brasileiros, dentro do enfoque cultural de tradição judaico cristã. Como resultados da pesquisa, podemos constatar que a bioética ainda é desconhecida da maioria, principalmente nas reflexões e atuações em relação à vida, morte, dignidade humana no processo de morrer, intervenções e limites, avanços tecnológicos em relação a pacientes que não têm mais o que se beneficiar deles. Constatamos atitudes e intervenções baseadas somente nas orientações dos códigos das categorias profissionais, e que as discussões ainda são muito tímidas e permeadas por conflitos e medos de processos éticos disciplinares e também de jurisdição civil. Propõe-se que haja espaço institucional específico para discussão dos casos complexos, assim como formação continuada dos profissionais da saúde em relação às reflexões atuais que a bioética traz, enquanto campo de conhecimento interdisciplinar, associando não somente os princípios bioéticos clássicos, mas referenciais mais amplos de análise, sendo um deles à prudência. / This study reports what health professionals think about using or not high technology on chronic neurological patients in palliative care, from the perspective of bioethics. The purpose was to investigate what, for instance in the case of a cardiac arrest, underlies their actions, what conflicts they experience and what solutions they find in the dynamics of a public hospital which is a local reference in pediatrics. The use of high technology, trying to sustain biological life, seems to just extend suffering when theres nothing else to offer as a possibility for improvement and cure, but, rather, time for applying palliative care. These moments are still considered the responsibility of external assistance, not of the hospital anymore. A field research was performed involving 146 health professionals, such as doctors, nurses, psychologists, psychiatrists, physiotherapists, social workers, a nutritionist and a speech therapist. It was a quantitative/qualitative analysis using the statistical package SPSS and Bardins content analysis. The analysis referential to support the results was clinical bioethics, preferably from Brazilian authors, inside the cultural perspective of the Judeo-Christian tradition. As a result of the research, we can note that bioethics is still unknown to most people, namely as to reflections and actions in relation to life, death, human dignity in the process of death, interventions and limits, and technological advancements related to patients who have nothing to benefit from them. We discovered attitudes and interventions based just on the guidelines of ethical codes of professional categories, and that the discussions were still very timid and permeated by conflict and fears of disciplinary ethical processes as well as civil jurisdiction. An institutional, specific space for discussion of complex cases is proposed, as well as continuing education of health professionals in relation to current thinking that bioethics brings as an interdisciplinary field of knowledge, involving not only the classic bioethical principles, but more extensive references of analysis, among them the principle of prudence.