Landscape architects and researchers often try to understand power by relying on allegory or symbology to interpret expressions of authority and ideology in space. This research proposes an interdisciplinary perspective and method based on Michel Foucault’s theories of power relations to empirically analyze the discursive and material power relations in built designs. This new method of daylighting power relations is called landscape genealogy, and is applied to Director Park in Portland, Oregon. Landscape genealogy demonstrates that by charting the shifting objects, subjects, concepts, and strategies of archival discourse and connecting them to the shifting material conditions of a site, landscape researchers can daylight the societal power relations and conditions of possibility that produced a design. The results of this research indicate that landscape genealogy as a method is well-suited to producing defensible analyses of power relations in landscape designs with well-documented discursive and spatial archives.

Thesis advisor: David Karp / The purpose of this study is to examine the way(s) that people define and perceive anxiety in light of the dominant discourses about mental illness that permeate America today. Both mental health fields, such as psychology, as well as the pharmaceutical industry have supplied the mental illness discourse that is popular today in the US. Definitions of and treatments for mental illnesses have expanded rapidly over the past several decades. The result is a mental illness discourse that allows almost anyone to be defined as mentally ill and therefore also a candidate for medication. Additionally, this dangerous discourse has been both created and embraced by the people who ordinary Americans look to as authorities on mental illness – doctors and drug companies. The research conducted in this study is intended to address two main questions: First, what are people’s ideas about anxiety? How do they define and identify it? People’s levels of awareness about the topic in general provide insight into the influence that dominant discourses have had (or not had) upon them. Second, do people’s ideas about anxiety mirror the dominant discourse that is presented by mental health fields and the pharmaceutical industry? If the language that people use and treatment options that people seek closely mirror the language and treatment options suggested in the dominant discourse, then mental health fields and the pharmaceutical industry are having a significant influence upon the ways Americans think about mental illness. / Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2010. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology Honors Program. / Discipline: Sociology.

Thesis advisor: Audrey Friedman / This dissertation investigates the discursive practices of elite high schools and the ways these practices create and preclude opportunities for social justice education. To conduct this critical discourse analysis I drew on the theoretical work of Khan (2011) and Howard (2008) to understand the role of language in the production and maintenance of power and privilege in elite private schools. Furthermore, the literature review on the discourse of social justice informed the selection of initial typologies, which shaped the primary reading of the data. Methodologically, I used Norman Fairclough and James Gee’s tools of critical discourse analyses for the data synthesis and analysis. One overarching questions was considered in this dissertation: As revealed through institutional documents, what are the discursive challenges and opportunities for enacting socially just education within elite high schools? A detailed Systemic Functional Linguistic analysis revealed three major findings. First, students are centered in the text samples and over time students become a larger focus of the discourse. Second, the discourse presents ethical values and knowledge as innate within students. Finally, the language among sample texts conforms over time, becoming less linguistically complex in both topic and construction and thus shifts from a traditionally academic tone to a more familiar tone. Using these findings as a focusing lens, a broader reading and analysis of the complete data set revealed that as discourse associated with discussions of diversity becomes more rigid, formalized, and prevalent in the text samples, institutional questioning and direct calls for social action become less frequent. Furthermore, over time, the discourse is less likely to engage in reflexive questioning and is more likely to engage in self-congratulation. Combined, the detailed linguistic analysis and the broader reading of the collected documents, suggest that the “discourse of social justice” is intertwined with counter discourses of privilege, entitlement, and individualism. Although institutions may currently talk more about issues of diversity and justice, this language functions as yet another measure of student privilege. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction.

Thesis advisor: Eve Spangler / At the conclusion of the 1967 War, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict returned to a contest between two national movements, Palestinian and Israeli, making competing claims to the same piece of territory. Over the ensuing 45 years, the discourse of each national movement has been littered with explicit and implicit references, acknowledgements and denunciations of the other. This study takes a critical reading approach to political discourse of each national movement with the goal of finding the place of the other in the imagined future of each group. By understanding the evolving place of the other in national movements that make exclusive claim to the same piece of territory, we are able to understand the irreconcilability that has characterized the Palestinian-Israeli conflict since the start of the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in 1967 and the failure of the Oslo Process to bring about a negotiated solution. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Islamic Civilization and Society Honors Program. / Discipline: Islamic Civilizations .

Thesis advisor: William A. Gamson / Taking an intersectional approach, I show how news media portrayals of neoliberal welfare reform and welfare rights movements are rooted in culture-specific racial and gendered ideologies. Using critical discourse analysis in combination with frame analysis, I analyze 462 articles published in two central newspapers in Massachusetts (The Boston Globe and The Boston Herald) and in Israel (Haaretz and Yediot Achronot) during the public debates on welfare reform in 1995 and 2003 respectively. I trace the surprising discursive success of the Israeli welfare rights movement in the news media, and compare it with the failure of their American counterparts. At the conclusion of the dissertation, I offer an intersectional cultural explanation for this phenomenon. My findings are twofold: on the one hand, I find that the news media and elite actors used culturally-hegemonic sexist, racist, and classist discourses to stigmatize and silence welfare mothers and to justify neoliberal policies. Both the American and the Israeli news media tapped into readily available gender-specific racial discourses to discredit welfare recipients and welfare activists and to silence them. On the other hand, I demonstrate that the Israeli case is nevertheless quite distinct. The Israeli movement was more successful in discursively challenging the neoliberal welfare discourse than its counterparts in the U.S. I argue that what accounts for this difference are three unique cultural features of Israeli society: First, (1), a nationalist fertility discourse that served as a value system alternative to the neoliberal logic; second, (2), related to this, a strong "heroic mother" ethos that is a part of the Zionist nation-building project, which valorizes Jewish motherhood and thus provided an ambiguous entry point to the public sphere for Jewish mothers; and third, (3), a nationalist tension between Jewish-Israelis and Palestinian-Israelis that stimulates perceptions of Mizrahi women (i.e. Jewish women of North African and Middle Eastern descent) as a part of the imagined national collectivity, thus lessening their stigmatization and exclusion. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology.

Thesis advisor: Katherine L. McNeill / Recent science education reform documents and standards, such as the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), call for school science to better reflect authentic scientific endeavors by highlighting the centrality of students engaging in science practices. This dissertation study focuses specifically on argumentation (through the modality of talk), one of the eight science practices emphasized in the NGSS. Although extensively studied, argumentation rarely occurs in classrooms. The absence of this science practice in classrooms is partly due to the student-driven exchanges required by argumentation differing greatly from the interactions that occur during traditional instruction, where students primarily speak to and through the teacher. To transform the type of talk that occurs in science classrooms it is necessary to examine discourse patterns, as well as the roles classroom members take on, in order to identify and develop strategies that can facilitate the shift in discourse norms. This dissertation employs a mixed-methods approach, using social network analysis (SNA), multiple case study methodology, and discourse analysis (DA), to deeply examine video recordings of three middle school classrooms engaged in argumentation through a science seminar (a type of whole class debate). Findings from the SNA highlight the importance of argumentation research integrating a focus on argument structure with dialogic interactions, and point to the benefits of using multiple types of representations to capture engagement in this science practice. Furthermore, examining the manner by which teachers articulated student expectations and goals for the argumentation activity suggest the need to continue supporting teachers in developing and using rich instructional strategies to help students with the dialogic component of argumentation. Additionally, this work sheds light on the importance of how teachers frame the goals for student engagement in this science practice, specifically as being either individual goals or communal goals. Lastly, findings from the DA stress the relationship between discourse patterns and interactional norms, and also suggest the need to expand our perspectives of who can prompt for critique during an argumentation activity.

Orientador: Luciane de Paula / Banca: Maria da Penha Casado Alves / Banca: Marina Célia Mendonça / Banca: Valdemir Miotello / Banca: Maria do Rosário de Fátima Valencise Gregolin / Resumo: A presente pesquisa centra-se no gênero discursivo seriado, com fundamentação teórica calcada na filosofia da linguagem do Círculo B.M.V. (Vauthier, 2010), a fim de refletir sobre a construção arquitetônica desse gênero, o que engloba sua produção e circulação social na esfera de atividade midiática, além de sua recepção autoral pelos fãs. Para tal, tem-se como objeto as respostas dos fãs do seriado Sherlock (2010) criadas a partir do gatilho da falsa morte do detetive durante o hiato entre a segunda e a terceira temporadas. O cerne da pesquisa encontra-se nas formas de recepção do gênero, principalmente a narrativa transmídia (JENKINS, 2006) como concretização da escuta-ativa dos fãs em relação ao episódio-enunciado, pois esses transcendem as barreiras do seriado televisivo em diferentes gêneros, como blogs, fanfics e fanarts ao ponto de tornarem-no um fenômeno na Rede. Tem-se como objetivo geral analisar a arquitetônica do gênero seriado, seu funcionamento em sociedade enquanto fenômeno cultural transmidiático. Para tal, será analisada a recepção dos fãs como produção autoral por meio de seu estilo, bem como a inserção de Sherlock e do seriado em meio ao grande tempo da cultura, como concretização do chamado cronotopo etéreo. Sendo assim, analisar-se-á os enunciados dos fãs enquanto produção respondente ao seriado Sherlock, ativa compreensão responsiva em sociedade, a qual (re)significa os enunciados do gênero nas interações midiáticas. Espera-se que esse trabalho possa con... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research centers itself in the TV series discoursive genre with theoretical foundation in the philosophy of language of the B.M.V. Circle (Vauthier, 2010), to be able to reflect over its architectonic construction, which involves its production and social circulation in the media sphere of activity, as well as its authorial reception by their fans. For that, it has as object the fans response to the TV series Sherlock (2010) created after the trigger of the detective's fake death during the hiatus between second and third seasons. The main of the research is in the ways of the genre's social reception, specially the transmedia narrative (Jenkins, 2006) as a concretization of the fans' active-listening in relation to the episode-utterance, because these transcend the barriers of the televised genre in different digital genres, such as blogs, fanfics and fanarts, to the point of becoming a phonomenom on the Web. The main objective is to analyze the architectonic of the TV series genre, specifically Sherlock, as a transmidiatic and cultural phenomenom. For this purpuse, the reception of the fans will be analyzed as an authorial production through their style, as well as the insertion of Sherlock and the TV series in the great time of culture, as an accomplishment of what we call the ethereal chronotope. Hence, the fans's utterances will be analyzed as a respondent production to the Sherlock series, active and responsive comprehension in society, which (re)signifies the utte... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Maria do Rosário Gregolin / Banca: Pedro Navarro / Banca: Denise Witzel / Banca: Luzmara Curcino / Banca: Nilton Milanez / Resumo: Com vistas a refletir sobre as transformações do cânone visual nas mídias digitais a partir das relações entre discurso e imagem, fundamentamo-nos nos postulados da Análise do Discurso, derivada dos trabalhos do grupo em torno de Michel Pêcheux e de contribuições da obra de Michel Foucault, e concebemos os seguintes pressupostos que subsidiarão as considerações a serem aqui desenvolvidas: a) o cânone se configura como procedimento de controle do discurso e como lugar de memória, mas a coerção que impõe a seus objetos é passível de transformações quando circula nos meios digitais; b) o discurso estético, mencionado por Michel Pêcheux nas obras da chamada "terceira época" da Análise do Discurso, sinaliza caminhos para a compreensão do lugar da pintura e da mídia no aparato teórico desse campo do saber; c) a história da Análise do Discurso desenhada por Jean-Jacques Courtine retrata os limites do pensamento de Michel Pêcheux e os avanços do pensamento de Michel Foucault com relação à abordagem da imagem em sua dimensão material, discursiva e histórica; d) o enunciado, para Michel Foucault, possui uma natureza semiológica, ou seja, ele não se reduz necessariamente ao componente linguístico; para compreendermos esse princípio, analisamos o período entre 1966 e 1968, em que Michel Foucault esteve na Tunísia e desenvolvia simultaneamente, entre outros trabalhos, os fundamentos de seu método arqueológico (A arqueologia do saber) e as reflexões sobre o discurso estético (A pintura de Manet); e) para estudarmos a abordagem da imagem e da pintura na Análise do Discurso, revisitamos os princípios encontrados no campo da Semiologia dos anos 1960 e 70 - como a obra de Roland Barthes em torno da fotografia e a de Carlo Ginzburg em torno do paradigma indiciário na pintura - para então compreendermos a natureza da Semiologia Histórica desenvolvida por Jean-Jacques... / Abstract: In order to reflect on the transformations of visual canon in digital media from the relations between discourse and image, we base ourselves on the postulates of Discourse Analysis, derived from the group around Michel Pêcheux and from the contributions of Michel Foucault's work. We conceive the following assumptions that will subsidize the considerations to be developed here: a) the canon is configured as a discourse control procedure and as place of memory, but the coercion it imposes on its objects is subject to transformations when running in digital media; b) the aesthetic discourse, which is mentioned by Michel Pêcheux in the works called the "third age" of Discourse Analysis, indicates some paths for understanding the place of painting and media in the theoretical apparatus of this field of knowledge; c) the history of Discourse Analysis designed by Jean-Jacques Courtine depicts the boundaries of Michel Pecheux's thought and the advances of Michel Foucault's thought regarding the image approach in its material, discursive and historical dimension; d) the utterance, according to Michel Foucault, has a semiotic nature, i.e. it is not necessarily reduced to the linguistic component; to understand this principle, we analysed the period between 1966 and 1968, in which Michel Foucault has been in Tunisia and has developed simultaneously, among other works, the foundations of his archaeological method (The archaeology of knowledge) and his reflections on the aesthetic discourse (Manet and the object of painting); e) in order to study the image and painting approach in Discourse Analysis, we have revisited the principles found in the field of Semiology in the 1960s and 70s - Roland Barthes' work around photography and Carlo Ginzburg's work around the evidential paradigm in painting - and then understand the nature of Historical Semiology, developed by Jean-Jacques Courtine. In general, this thesis explains the theoretical... / Résumé: Visant à la réflexion sur les transformations du canon visuel dans les médias numériques à partir des relations entre le discours et l'image, nous nous appuyons dans les postulats de l'Analyse du Discours, issue des travaux du groupe autour de Michel Pêcheux et de contributions de l'oeuvre de Michel Foucault, et nous concevons les hypothèses suivantes qui vont soutenir les considérations développées ici: a) le canon est constitué comme procédure de contrôle du discours et lieu de mémoire, mais la contrainte imposée à ses objets est susceptible de transformations lors de la circulation dans les médias numériques; b) le discours esthétique, mentionné par Michel Pêcheux dans les oeuvres dites de la « troisième époque » de l'Analyse du Discours, indique les voies pour la compréhension de la place de la peinture et des médias dans l'appareil théorique de ce domaine de la connaissance; c) l'histoire de l'Analyse du Discours dessinée par Jean-Jacques Courtine dépeint les limites de la pensée de Michel Pêcheux et l'avancée de la pensée de Michel Foucault par rapport à l'approche de l'image dans sa dimension matérielle, discursive et historique; d) l'énoncé, chez Michel Foucault, a une nature sémiotique/sémiologique, c'est-à-dire qu'il n'est pas forcément réduit à la composante linguistique; pour comprendre ce principe, nous analysons la période entre 1966 et 1968, dans laquelle Michel Foucault a été en Tunisie et développait à la fois, entre d'autres oeuvres, les fondations de sa méthode archéologique (L'Archéologie du savoir) et ses réflexions sur le discours esthétique (La peinture de Manet); e) pour étudier l'approche de l'image et de la peinture dans l'Analyse du Discours, nous revisitons les principes trouvés dans le domaine de la Sémiologie des années 1960 et 70 - comme l'oeuvre de Roland Barthes sur la photographie et celle de Carlo Ginzburg autour du paradigme des indices... / Doutor

Orientador: Arnaldo Cortina / Banca: Edna Maria Fernandes dos Santos Nascimento / Banca: Jean Cristtus Portela / Banca: Antonio Vicente Seraphim Pietroforte / Banca: Vera Lúcia Rodella Abriata / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a estrutura geral da significação da revista Unesp Ciência (UC) e, do mesmo modo, a maneira como o enunciador presente no discurso da revista constrói o simulacro de si mesma (éthos) e de seus leitores (páthos), com vistas à produção de um estilo discursivo próprio. O periódico, editado pela assessoria de comunicação da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) desde setembro de 2009, tem como proposta divulgar a ciência produzida na e pela instituição. O referencial teóricometodológico adotado neste trabalho ancora-se, principalmente, na semiótica discursiva, proposta por Algirdas Julien Greimas e desenvolvida por seus seguidores, em diálogo com conceitos trazidos da filosofia da ciência e das teorias do jornalismo. Por meio da análise das linguagens sincréticas de UC e das marcas enunciativas que caracterizam a identidade do sujeito da enunciação, concluímos que a revista imbrica elementos que agregam características do gênero reportagem, da comunicação e da divulgação científicas e da divulgação institucional. Além disso, as narrativas visuais e a configuração do éthos do enunciador são decisivas para criar um estilo que valoriza a empatia com o enunciatário e a experiência sensível com o enunciado, criando-se efeitos de presentificação e de imersão. O caráter institucional e militante do discurso de UC também projeta o nome da Unesp e dos agentes responsáveis pela produção científica correspondente, agregando-lhes assim um caráter eufórico, além de valores específicos defendidos pela instituição - protagonismo, liderança, inovação, defesa do meio ambiente e de demandas sociais (sobretudo das minorias) / Abstract: This research aims to analyse the general structure of meaning of Unesp Ciência magazine (UC) and, in the same way, the manner how the enunciator present in discourse of this magazine builds a simulacrum of itself (éthos) and of their readers (páthos), in order to producing a particular discursive style. The magazine, which has been edited by the communication department of São Paulo State University (Unesp) since September 2009, proposes to disclose the science made in/by the institution. Theoretical-methodological framework adopted in this research is based upon, mainly, on the discursive semiotics, proposed by Algirdas Julien Greimas and developed by his followers, in a dialogue with concepts brought from Philosophy of Science and Journalism theories. Through an analysis of syncretic languages on UC and enunciation marks which characterize the identity of the enunciation subject, we concluded this magazine imbricates elements which aggregate features of the news story genre and the scientific and institutional disclosure. In addition, visual narratives and setting of the enunciator éthos are decisive to creating a style which values an empathy to the enunciatee and a sensible experience with the utterance, creating effects of presenting and immersing. The institutional and militant character of discourse of UC also propels the name of Unesp and the responsible agents to correspondent scientific production, aggregating them an euphoric feature, and also specific values defended by institution - prominence, leadership, innovation, defence of the environment and of social demands (especially those related to minority groups) / Doutor

Orientador: Jean Cristtus Portela / Banca: Cintia Alves da Silva / Banca: Renata Ciampone Mancini / Banca: Arnaldo Cortina / Banca: Matheus Nogueira Schwartzmann / Resumo: Esta tese consiste em um estudo historiográfico do conceito de enunciação na semiótica de linha francesa, respeitando uma periodização que compreende meados dos anos de 1960 até o momento atual. A enunciação é um conceito que, embora não tenha sido explorado na fase inicial de constituição da teoria, já estava em germe em seu texto fundador, Semântica estrutural (1973 [1966]), pois Greimas, naquele momento, já afirmava que todo discurso pressupunha uma situação de comunicação que introduzia a problemática da subjetividade, mas, por opção metodológica, era preciso deixá-la de lado. Porém, essa exclusão não persistiu por muito tempo, visto que, no início da década de 1970, a questão começou a incomodar a comunidade semiótica, época em que, na linguística, esse assunto estava em seu auge em consequência, principalmente, dos estudos enunciativos que já vinham sendo desenvolvidos, há décadas, por Émile Benveniste. Metaforicamente falando, nos anos de 1970, as sementes desse conceito foram lançadas em um canteiro fértil chamado "semiótica". Com o tempo e o bom trato dos jardineiros semioticistas elas germinaram e floresceram na década de 1980, não só consolidando os estudos dos anos de 1970, como também incorporando novos elementos, como foi o caso dos estudos das paixões, ou do elemento sensível presente nos textos. Todavia, muito embora as mudanças já fossem prementes, o mestre lituano não teve oportunidade de orientar os novos rumos que os estudos enunciativos tomavam, pois, no ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis consists of a historiographical study on the concept of enunciation in the French semiotics, respecting a pattern that comprehends from the middle of the 1960's until the current moment. The enunciation is a concept that, although has not been studied in the initial phase of the theory constitution, was in origin in its founding text, Structural Semantics (1973[1966]), because Greimas, in that moment, already affirmed that all discourse presupposed a communicative situation that introduced the problem of subjectivity, yet, by methodological choice, it was necessary to leave it aside. However, that exclusion did not prevail for a long time, as long as in the beginning of the 1970's, the question started to bother the semiotic community, moment that, in Linguistics, this subject was already in its heyday due to, mostly, the enunciative studies that were already being developed by Émile Benveniste for decades. Metaphorically speaking, in the 1970's, the seeds of this concept were sown in a fertile ground called "semiotics". Over time and with the good trait of the semiotician gardeners, they germinated and flourished in the 1980's, not only consolidating the 1970's studies, but also incorporating new elements, as it was in the case of the studies on the passions or on the sensitive element present in the texts. The changes were urgent, but the Lithuanian master did not have the opportunity of guiding the new paths that the enunciative studies were taking, because, in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Résumé: Cette thèse consiste dans une étude historiographique du concept d'énonciation dans la sémiotique française, respectant la période du milieu des années 1960 jusqu'au moment présent. Le concept d'énonciation, malgré qu'il n'ait pas été exploité dans le début de la constitution de la théorie sémiotique, était en germe dans son texte fondateur Sémantique Structurale (1973 [1966]), parce que Greimas, à ce moment, affirmait déjà que tout le discours présupposait une situation de communication qui introduisait la problématique de la subjectivité, mais, par choix méthodologique, c'était nécessaire l'abandonner. Cependant, cette exclusion n'a pas duré longtemps, car au début des années 1970, cette question a commencé à déranger la communauté sémiotique, époque où, en linguistique, ce sujet était à son apogée principalement à cause des études énonciatives déjà développés par Émile Benveniste depuis longtemps. Au sens métaphorique, dans les années 1970, les graines de ce concept ont été jetées dans un lit fertile appelé « sémiotique ». Au fil du temps et avec le bon traitement des jardiniers sémiotiques, ils ont germés et prospérés dans les années 1980, en consolidant non seulement les études des années 1970, mais aussi en incorporant de nouveaux éléments, tels que les études des passions ou l'élément sensible présent dans les textes. Les changements étaient pressants, mais le maître lituanien n'a pas eu l'occasion de guider les nouvelles orientations des études énonciatives, car au dé... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous) / Doutor