Zugl.: Münster, Universiẗat, Diss., 2000.

Hintergrund: Über die psychische Gesundheit von Asylsuchenden in Deutschland ist wenig bekannt. Ziel dieser Studie ist, (1) die psychische Gesundheit der Asylsuchenden in der Würzburger Gemeinschaftsunterkunft zu beschreiben, (2) ihre Wahrnehmung der aktuellen Lebensbedingungen zu erfassen, sowie (3) mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen beiden Bereichen zu untersuchen. Methoden: Alle Bewohner der Würzburger Gemeinschaftsunterkunft, welche zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung mindestens 16 Jahre alt waren und den Studienfragebogen in einer der Sprachen Arabisch, Amharisch, Farsi, Russich, Somali, Deutsch oder Englisch ausfüllen konnten, konnten an dieser Querschnittbefragung teilnehmen. Das Vorhandensein von psychischen Erkrankungen (Somatoformes Syndrom, Depressive Syndrome, Angstsyndrome, Alkoholsyndrom und eine Screeningfrage für PTBS), sowie das Ausmaß an psychosozialem Stress wurden mittels des PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) gemessen. Die subjektive Einschätzung der Lebensbedingungen durch die Teilnehmer wurde mit einem für die spezifischen Bedingungen entwickelten Fragebogen erfasst. Die Ergebnisse wurden deskriptiv dargestellt und Korrelationen zwischen der Bewertung der Lebensbedingungen und ausgewählten Parametern der psychischen Gesundheit wurden mittels Chi-Quadrat-Tests und des Spearman Rangkorrelationskoeffizienten berechnet. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt nahmen 183 Bewohner an der Befragung teil. Der PHQ konnte für 140 Teilnehmer ausgewertet werden, der Fragebogen zu aktuellen Lebensbedingungen für 113 Teilnehmer. Die häufigsten PHQ-Syndrome waren das Somatoforme Syndrom (38,6%; n=54), Depressive Syndrome (25,7% (n=36) Major Depressives Syndrom; 22,8% (n=32) andere depressive Syndrome) und Angstsyndrome (11,4% (n=16) Paniksyndrom, 9,3% (n=13) andere Angstsyndrome). Bei 38,6% (n=54) ergab der PHQ für mehr als ein Syndrom ein positives Ergebnis. Die Lebensbedingungen in der Gemeinschaftsunterkunft wurden größtenteils negativ bewertet und ihre Auswirkungen auf die eigene Gesundheit wurden im Mittel als „ziemlich stark“ beurteilt. Eine schlechtere Bewertung der Lebensbedingungen und eine längere Aufenthaltsdauer in der Gemeinschaftsunterkunft waren in univariaten Analysen mit einem schlechteren Ergebnis bezüglich verschiedener Parameter der psychischen Gesundheit assoziiert (z.B. depressive Syndrome, psychosoziale Belastung). Schlussfolgerung: Verschiedene Limitationen der Studie müssen berücksichtigt werden (z.B. Querschnittdesign, mangelnde Validierung der Fragebogenübersetzungen). Dennoch zeigen diese Ergebnisse eine deutliche Unzufriedenheit der Studienteilnehmer mit den Lebensbedingungen in der Gemeinschaftsunterkunft auf und lassen eine hohe Prävalenz psychischer Erkrankungen in der Studienpopulation vermuten. / Background: Little is known regarding mental health of asylum seekers in Germany. The objectives of this study are (1) to evaluate the mental health status of asylum seekers residing in the shared accommodation centre of Würzburg, Germany, (2) to describe their perception of current living conditions in the centre, and (3) to investigate potential associations between both aspects. Methods: Eligible participants for this cross-sectional study were all residents of the shared accommodation centre aged at least 16 years and who were able to fill in the survey questionnaire in one of the languages Arabic, Amharic, Farsi, Russian, Somali, German or English. The presence of mental disorders (including somatoform disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, alcohol abuse, and a screening question on PTSD) as well as the amount of psychosocial stress, were assessed with the PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). The participants’ perception of current living conditions was investigated with questions specifically developed for the study population. After descriptive analyses of the results, associations between the perceptions of living conditions and selected parameters of mental health were investigated with chi-squared-tests or Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, as appropriate. Results: Of 183 completed questionnaires, 140 were included in analyses of the PHQ and 113 in descriptive analyses of the living conditions. The most common PHQ-syndromes were somatoform syndrome (38.6%, n=54), depressive syndromes (25.7% (n=36) major depressive syndrome, 22.8% (n=32) other depressive syndromes) and anxiety syndromes (11.4% (n=16) panic syndrome, 9.3% (n=13) other anxiety syndromes). Overall, 38.6% (n=54) scored positive for more than one syndrome. The perception of current living conditions was mainly negative. A longer duration of residence in the centre as well as a more negative perception of current living conditions were associated with worse mental health outcomes in univariate analyses (e.g. regarding depressive symptoms and psychosocial stress). Conclusion: The study had some limitations, including the cross-sectional design and a lack of validated translations of survey instruments. However, the results indicate a potentially high prevalence of psychosocial stress and mental disorders in the study population as well as a strong dissatisfaction with current living conditions in the accommodation centre.

Le traité de Lisbonne a mis en place un nouveau cadre juridique permettant une meilleure prise en compte des déplacés de l’environnement, un sujet débattu de façon croissante au sein de l’UE. Cependant, bien que l’UE agisse déjà en leur faveur dans le cadre de diverses politiques externes, il n’existe pas de protection spécifique en droit de l’UE pour ce nouveau type de migrants. Leur appréhension juridique requiert leur catégorisation.Cette recherche démontre que, du point de vue juridique, les déplacés de l’environnement ne réunissent pas les critères nécessaires à l’élaboration d’une nouvelle catégorie de « personnes à protéger » dans la politique d’asile de l’UE sur la base du critère du préjudice environnemental. Leur manque d’autonomie conceptuelle et leur hétérogénéité contrarie leur identification et leur qualification et s’opposent à une approche unitaire. En outre, un système complémentaire de protection ne peut être créé au vu du maintien présumé de la protection interne et de l’absence d’un droit de l’homme à l’environnement. Enfin, le concours transversal de compétences de l’UE dilue l’impératif de protection internationale. Par conséquent, les possibilités d’intégration dans des catégories existantes de ressortissants d’États tiers en droit de l’UE, telles que les bénéficiaires des protections subsidiaire et temporaire ou la future catégorie de travailleurs migrants saisonniers, sont examinées. Ce faisant, les modes de construction des catégories de ressortissants d’Etats tiers en droit de l’UE sont mis en lumière.Une analyse de la protection consulaire des citoyens européens affectés par des catastrophes naturelles hors du territoire est aussi incluse. / The Lisbon Treaty has put in place a new legal framework which allows environmental displacement, an issue of growing concern for the EU, to be better addressed. However, even though several external policies already support them, to date there is no specific EU framework for the protection of this new kind of migrant. The categorisation of such persons is necessary for determining the legal consequences. The present research demonstrates that, from a legal point of view, environmentally-displaced persons do not meet the requirements to constitute a new category of “persons in need of protection” within EU asylum policy, on the basis of the criterion of environmental prejudice. The lack of conceptual autonomy and the heterogeneity of environmentally-displaced persons create identification and qualification problems, and thus oppose a unitary approach. Furthermore, a complementary system of protection cannot be created given the presumed continuation of internal protection and the lack of a human right to environment. Additionally, the existence of multiple relevant EU competences attenuates the need for international protection. Therefore, the integration of these persons into existing categories, such as the beneficiaries of temporary or subsidiary protection, and the future category of seasonal migrant workers, is suggested. As a result, the category definition of third country nationals in EU law is brought to the fore.Finally, this research includes an examination of the relevance of consular protection for EU citizens affected by natural catastrophes outside EU territory.

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that influence resilience after trauma among internally displaced persons in Kiambaa village, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The rationale, the problem statement, the objectives as well as the research questions and the theoretical framework were presented in chapter one. The theoretical concepts of Richardson’s “meta-theory of resilience and resiliency” and Joseph and Linley “organism valuing theory” guided this study. The problem statement posited revealed that when people experience tragic events such as violence they get traumatized. Despite this, there are individuals who are able to adopt and bounce back with minimal disruptions to their lives, a factor referred to as resilience. Chapter two presented related literature by reviewing empirical research studies on the internal and external factors that contribute to resilience after trauma. Chapter three discussed the methodology of the study. The study adopted a mixed design approach. The target population for this study was 50. It comprised all individuals who were victims of the fire tragedy at Kiambaa village. Twenty two respondents for this study were selected from the target population using purposive and snow ball sampling techniques. Questionnaires and unstructured interview schedule were the main tools of data collection. The Big Five Inventory (BFI) by John, Donahue, & Kentle, (1991) personality were used to classify respondents’ personalities.The 25 item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 (CD-RISC-25) (used with permission) (Connor, & Davidson, 2003) was used to measure the resilience levels of the respondents. Means and Standard deviations were computed to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of resilience among the respondents. Responses from research tools were cleaned, coded and entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for analysis. Descriptive data were organized into themes and categories and presented according to the objectives of the study. Pearson product moment correlation analysis, Chi square correlation analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis were computed to establish the relationships between study variables. Chapter four presented findings in form of tables, cumulative frequency counts, graphs and charts. The major findings of the study were as follows: The internal factors that contribute to resilience in individuals were age, gender and personality. However, gender had a greater influence on individuals’ resilience levels. Other factors included personality and age. The main external factors that contributed to resilience in individuals of the fire tragedy at Kiambaa were spirituality and social support. The results of a Pearson correlation analysis confirmed a strong positive correlation between social support and resilience of individuals (r=0.835, p<0.05). Chapter five presented conclusions arising from the findings which indicated that age, gender, personality, spirituality and social support are significant internal and external factors that influence resilience levels of individuals. The study recommends that there is need for professionals working with traumatized individuals to be more familiar with these factors that contribute to resilience. The researcher also recommends that there is need to extend the present study by including other potentially important variables such as a wider range of psychosocial resources or health-related variables. Understanding the influence and importance of these variables may help to clarify the role of resilience in post-disaster adaptation. In addition, the researcher recommends that there is need to further extend the study to investigate the relationship between psychological resilience and another positive outcome, such as posttraumatic growth (PTG). / Psychology / Ph.D. (Psychology)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:22:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Renata de Lima Mendonca.pdf: 1160725 bytes, checksum: 3b223676f3ac7f74cff68765f8e85ec6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aims to analyze the management of migration caused by environmental change, trying to understand if certain actions are effective for the promotion, protection and defense of environmentally displaced person. First, it was developed a significant conceptual and scientific debate, addressing the progression of the concepts, the classification criteria, the theoretical debate and estimates based on survey of multi-causal factors linked to environmental migration. Also, it was observed the contextualization of the thematic transformations inserted in the beginning of the century, with globalization and the strengthening of networks and the emergence of environmental problems globally. From there, it was up to the theoretical survey on about ways to manage the new international realities, adopting governance as the most effective means in order to provide and improve the protection of this new category of migrants. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a gestão do processo migratório provocado pelas alterações ambientais, buscando compreender se determinadas ações são eficazes para a promoção, proteção e defesa da pessoa ambientalmente deslocada. Assim, primeiramente, se fez necessário um debate científico e conceitual significativo, abordando o desenvolvimento dos conceitos, os critérios de classificação, o debate teórico fundamentado em estimativas e o levantamento dos fatores multicausais vinculados à migração ambiental. Igualmente, observou-se a contextualização da temática inserida nas transformações no início do século XXI, com o fortalecimento da globalização e das redes e o surgimento dos problemas ambientais em âmbito global. A partir daí coube fazer os levantamento teóricos sobre as sobre as formas de administrar as novas realidades internacionais, adotando a governança como o meio mais eficaz, a fim de fornecer e melhorar a capacidade de proteção dessa nova categoria de migrante.

Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2018-07-18T15:35:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Renata de Lima Mendonca.pdf: 1160725 bytes, checksum: 3b223676f3ac7f74cff68765f8e85ec6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T15:35:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Renata de Lima Mendonca.pdf: 1160725 bytes, checksum: 3b223676f3ac7f74cff68765f8e85ec6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-30 / CAPES / This study aims to analyze the management of migration caused by environmental change, trying to understand if certain actions are effective for the promotion, protection and defense of environmentally displaced person. First, it was developed a significant conceptual and scientific debate, addressing the progression of the concepts, the classification criteria, the theoretical debate and estimates based on survey of multi-causal factors linked to environmental migration. Also, it was observed the contextualization of the thematic transformations inserted in the beginning of the century, with globalization and the strengthening of networks and the emergence of environmental problems globally. From there, it was up to the theoretical survey on about ways to manage the new international realities, adopting governance as the most effective means in order to provide and improve the protection of this new category of migrants. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a gestão do processo migratório provocado pelas alterações ambientais, buscando compreender se determinadas ações são eficazes para a promoção, proteção e defesa da pessoa ambientalmente deslocada. Assim, primeiramente, se fez necessário um debate científico e conceitual significativo, abordando o desenvolvimento dos conceitos, os critérios de classificação, o debate teórico fundamentado em estimativas e o levantamento dos fatores multicausais vinculados à migração ambiental. Igualmente, observou-se a contextualização da temática inserida nas transformações no início do século XXI, com o fortalecimento da globalização e das redes e o surgimento dos problemas ambientais em âmbito global. A partir daí coube fazer os levantamento teóricos sobre as sobre as formas de administrar as novas realidades internacionais, adotando a governança como o meio mais eficaz, a fim de fornecer e melhorar a capacidade de proteção dessa nova categoria de migrante.

Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2018-07-19T13:26:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Renata de Lima Mendonça.pdf: 46741665 bytes, checksum: 430dce07a14344e31458786709501d11 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T13:26:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Renata de Lima Mendonça.pdf: 46741665 bytes, checksum: 430dce07a14344e31458786709501d11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-30 / CAPES / This study aims to analyze the management of migration caused by environmental change, trying to understand if certain actions are effective for the promotion, protection and defense of environmentally displaced person. First, it was developed a significant conceptual and scientific debate, addressing the progression of the concepts, the classification criteria, the theoretical debate and estimates based on survey of multi-causal factors linked to environmental migration. Also, it was observed the contextualization of the thematic transformations inserted in the beginning of the century, with globalization and the strengthening of networks and the emergence of environmental problems globally. From there, it was up to the theoretical survey on about ways to manage the new international realities, adopting governance as the most effective means in order to provide and improve the protection of this new category of migrants. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a gestão do processo migratório provocado pelas alterações ambientais, buscando compreender se determinadas ações são eficazes para a promoção, proteção e defesa da pessoa ambientalmente deslocada. Assim, primeiramente, se fez necessário um debate científico e conceitual significativo, abordando o desenvolvimento dos conceitos, os critérios de classificação, o debate teórico fundamentado em estimativas e o levantamento dos fatores multicausais vinculados à migração ambiental. Igualmente, observou-se a contextualização da temática inserida nas transformações no início do século XXI, com o fortalecimento da globalização e das redes e o surgimento dos problemas ambientais em âmbito global. A partir daí coube fazer os levantamento teóricos sobre as sobre as formas de administrar as novas realidades internacionais, adotando a governança como o meio mais eficaz, a fim de fornecer e melhorar a capacidade de proteção dessa nova categoria de migrante.

No description available.

Le déplacement interne forcé est un phénomène ancien et récurrent dont la communautéinternationale a tardé à se saisir. Ce n’est qu’en 1992 que le Secrétaire général des NationsUnies a nommé un Représentant spécial chargé des personnes déplacées internes. Dès sanomination, ce dernier a entrepris un important travail d’analyse et de compilation des normesinternationales afin d’étudier l’applicabilité de celles-ci aux personnes déplacées internes.L’aboutissement de ce travail a permis l’élaboration et la présentation des « Principesdirecteurs relatifs au déplacement de personnes à l’intérieur de leur propre pays » en 1998.Ces Principes directeurs sont par la suite devenus un cadre de référence pour ledéveloppement d’instruments internationaux conventionnels de portée régionale dont ledernier en date est la Convention de Kampala adoptée en 2009 par l’Union africaine.Cette étude a un double-objet. Tout d’abord, mettre en évidence l’évolution normative qu’aconnue la notion de personne déplacée interne et la protection juridique internationale relativeà cette notion. Ensuite, de se questionner sur l’émergence d’un statut juridique internationalen faveur des déplacés internes à travers l’analyse du concept de responsabilité de protéger etl’examen de l’utilité et de l’intérêt de ce statut juridique international dont l’émergencepourrait être entravée par d’éventuels obstacles juridiques. / Forced internal displacement is an old and recurring phenomenon that the internationalcommunity has been slow to grasp. It was not until 1992 that the United Nations GeneralSecretary appointed a Special Representative on internally displaced persons. Upon hisappointment, the Special Representative undertook a major work of analysis and compilationof international norms in order to study their applicability to internally displaced persons.The culmination of this work has enabled the development and presentation of the “GuidingPrinciples on internal displacement” in 1998. These guidelines have subsequently become animportant framework for the development of international treaties with regional impactwhose latest is the Kampala Convention adopted in 2009 by the African Union.This study has a double-object. First of all, it is to underline the important evolution of thenotion of internally displaced person and of the international legal protection regarding thisnotion.Secondly, it is to question about the emergence of an international legal status dedicated tointernally displaced persons through the analysis of the concept of responsibility to protectand through the review of the usefulness and the significance of this international legal statuswhose emergence could be hampered by possible legal obstacles.

In the years immediately following the Second World War, the main part of Latvian literature was produced by writers living outside Latvia. To this day Latvian literature continues to be written outside Latvia, albeit to a much smaller extent. This study examines those Latvian novels, written outside Latvia after the Second World War, which depict the realities of the early years of exile. The aim of the study is to describe the image of the world of exile as depicted in these novels. Borrowing from Bakhtin's concept of the chronotope, images relating to time and space in these novels are examined in order to discern a mental topography of exile common to all these novels - a chronotope of exile. The novels are read as part of a collective narrative, produced by a particular social group in unordinary historical circumstances. The novels are regarded as this social group’s common perception of its own experience of this historical reality. The early years of exile fall into two distinct periods: first, the period of flight from Latvia and life in and around the Displaced Persons camps of postwar Germany; second, the early years of settling in a new country of residence after emigration from Germany. A model of the perceived world is constructed in order to compare these two periods, as well as their divergence from a standard perception of oneself in the world. This model consists of various time-spaces radiating concentrically out from the individual – ranging from the physically and psychologically near-lying time-spaces of one’s personal and intimate life, through everyday social time-spaces, as well as formal societal time-spaces, to the more distant abstract and conceptual perceptions of one’s place in the universe. Basic human concepts such as home, family, work, intimate relationships, social administration, and most notably the homeland – Latvia – are plotted at various points within these models. Divergences between the models describing the perception of time and space in the two early periods of exile thus become apparent.