Although it is widely recognized that exotic plant invaders can affect diversity of native plant communities, a few studies of natural systems concern about the nature abundance and diversity loss and the associated consequences for higher trophic levels. Little is known impact of exotic riparian plant on higher-order consumers, such as birds. Such is requirement to understand underlying mechanisms of invasive processes and formulating effective management strategies. We examined interaction between invasive knotweed (Reynoutria sp. div., next only knotweed) and bird communities. We recorded occurrence of birds along three rivers in riverbanks that were either dominated by native vegetation or invaded by knotweed. Birds were recorded in breeding seasons in 2011 and 2012 near town Frýdek-Místek and Valašské Meziříčí. We interested especially in (i) how knotweed composition within riparian systems affects avian communities and (ii) what common bird characteristics are influenced by knotweed. Our outcome found positive effect of Marsh Warbler (Acrocephalus palustris) and Great Tit (Parus major) in high knotweed cover and negative effect of Grey Wagtail (Motacilla cinerea). Interspecific comparison common avian characteristics suggest that knotweed invasion can impact avian abundance living in lower...

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-04-16T20:21:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DenisePereiraAlvesdeSenaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1539762 bytes, checksum: 04eac9be7d9155578be392c6a0849feb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-04-16T20:22:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DenisePereiraAlvesdeSenaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1539762 bytes, checksum: 04eac9be7d9155578be392c6a0849feb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T20:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DenisePereiraAlvesdeSenaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1539762 bytes, checksum: 04eac9be7d9155578be392c6a0849feb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-11 / The objective of this research was to investigate the perception and performance of the family jurisdiction judges, in Brasilia, in lawsuits involving shared custody of minor children, in cases of matrimony dissolution. The theoretical approach that justifies is structural family therapy, the Federal constitution, new Brazilian Civil code and laws related to shared custody. To achieve such a purpose, qualitative research was conducted with six standing judges, three women and three men. The instrument used was a semi-structured interview questionnaire. The collection was held at the respondent???s workplace. The information was processed through the IRAMUTEQ R software, that found six distinct classes that were subsequently renamed, grouped and, according to Bardin's (2011) definitions, consolidated into four categories. "Category 1 ??? Family: Yours and Mine " gathers the visions of the respondents about family, the ones they work and their own, demonstrating their perceptions about the influence of the family in the subject???s formation, as well as their personal experiences. For the respondents, the family can be composed of different arrangements, and their constituents may be related, or not. Their personal experiences were also made present to influence their way of deciding. The "Category 2 ??? Custody is Power" approached the subjects understanding of the custody???s power. The results pointed out that, for respondents, the shared custody balances the power of parents about decisions on children. They emphasize, that in this type of custody they share care and decisions, there is no direct relationship with the time that each parent stays with their children. The "Category 3 ??? Father and shared custody" showed that, despite the shared custody aims preserve the best interest of the child, the paternal figure was very empowered. "Category 4 ??? the judges who listen", although it was not contemplated by the Software, it appeared in the interviews when the magistrates reported that they are attentive to the quality of family relationships, careful with the fragility that families arrive for hearings and concerned to offer a humanized service to the former couple and children. The study demonstrates that the group interviewed is favorable to shared custody, realizing it as a legal response to the changes that society and consequently families are suffering, providing parental ties more suited to new family arrangements. Moreover, they are magistrates who act in a humanized manner in front of the weaknesses that divorce causes. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the "young" law of shared custody, both for the legal area and for psychology. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a percep????o e a atua????o dos ju??zes de Varas de Fam??lia, de Bras??lia, nos processos que envolvem a guarda compartilhada de filhos menores, em casos de separa????o conjugal. A abordagem te??rica que a fundamenta ?? a terapia familiar estrutural al??m da Constitui????o Federal, Novo C??digo Civil Brasileiro e leis afins a guarda compartilhada. Para atingir tal prop??sito realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa com seis ju??zes atuantes, tr??s mulheres e tr??s homens. O instrumento utilizado foi um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. A coleta foi realizada no local de trabalho dos entrevistados. As informa????es foram tratadas por meio do software IRAMUTEQ R que encontrou seis classes distintas que foram, posteriormente, renomeadas, agrupadas e, segundo defini????es de Bardin (2011), consolidadas em quatro categorias. A ???categoria 1 ??? Fam??lia: a sua e a minha??? re??ne as vis??es dos entrevistados a respeito de fam??lia, aquelas que eles trabalham e as suas pr??prias, sendo demonstradas as suas percep????es quanto a influ??ncia da fam??lia na forma????o do sujeito, bem como suas experi??ncias pessoais. Para os entrevistados a fam??lia pode ser composta por diferentes arranjos, podendo seus componentes terem rela????o consangu??neas ou n??o. Suas experi??ncias pessoais tamb??m se fizeram presentes aqui de forma a influenciar sua maneira de decidir. J?? a ???categoria 2 ??? Guarda ?? poder??? abordou o entendimento dos sujeitos sobre o poder da guarda. Os resultados apontam que, para os entrevistados, a guarda compartilhada equilibra o poder dos pais com rela????o ??s decis??es sobre os filhos. Ressaltam ainda, que neste tipo de guarda se compartilham cuidados e decis??es, n??o havendo rela????o direta com o tempo que cada um passa com os filhos. A ???categoria 3 ??? Pai e guarda compartilhada??? evidenciou que, apesar da guarda compartilhada objetivar preservar o melhor interesse da crian??a, o que houve foi o empoderamento da figura paterna. A ???categoria 4 ??? Os ju??zes que ouvem???, apesar de n??o ter sido contemplada pelo software, apareceu nas entrevistas, quando os magistrados relataram que se mostram atentos ?? qualidade das rela????es familiares, cuidadosos com a fragilidade com que as fam??lias chegam para as audi??ncias e preocupados em oferecer um atendimento humanizado para o ex-casal e filhos. O estudo demostra que o grupo entrevistado ?? favor??vel a guarda compartilhada, percebendo-a como uma resposta legal para as mudan??as que a sociedade e, consequentemente, as fam??lias v??m sofrendo, proporcionando la??os parentais mais adequados aos novos arranjos familiares. Al??m disso, s??o magistrados que atuam de forma humanizada frente ??s dificuldades que o div??rcio provoca. Este estudo pretende contribuir no entendimento da ???jovem??? lei da guarda compartilhada, tanto para a ??rea de direito quanto para a psicologia.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:47:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 387366.pdf: 1324642 bytes, checksum: 0941329c4517ee79cfb7e3455a3c2809 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-10 / O presente trabalho analisa a constitui??o da fam?lia nuclear brasileira e o momento hist?rico em que esta tornou-se majorit?ria, em rela??o ao modelo de fam?lia anterior, conhecida como fam?lia patrimonial extensa, atrav?s dos Processos de Div?rcio Perp?tuo Entre Partes Quanto ao T?rum e M?tua Cohabita??o, impetrado, em sua grande maioria, por mulheres ga?chas junto ao Tribunal Eclesi?stico da Igreja Cat?lica, nos s?culos XVIII e XIX, mais precisamente, entre os anos de 1766 a 1890. Na an?lise, foram privilegiados os Processos que tiveram como origem os c?njuges em lit?gio no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por entender-se que este espa?o constitui-se em uma rica possibilidade de desvelamento das estruturas matrimonias e sociais para o per?odo pleno de transforma??es, de perman?ncias e de acomoda??es, mais dif?ceis de serem percebidas nas regi?es portu?rias, como a de Porto Alegre no per?odo. A tese leva em considera??o os Processos de Div?rcio como sendo um indicativo importante das transforma??es por que passava a sociedade do per?odo. Mais que isso, levou-se em conta o surgimento da figura da mulher divorciada, como um novo elemento a que essa mesma sociedade teve que buscar mais do que uma resposta, mas uma solu??o e um lugar distinto de tudo que at? ent?o era conhecido por aquela. ? nesta busca por esta realoca??o que um rico cen?rio social ir? ser constitu?do e mantido no Tribunal Eclesi?stico, com vista a gerar um local de fala, extremamente revelador das intrincadas teias de rela??es sociais, de poder pol?tico e econ?mico de um Brasil que passava por um momento hist?rico candente, em que estruturas tradicionais e modernas se amalgamavam para constituir os primeiros passos da complexidade social que mais tarde se constituiria em sua marca mais incisiva

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La dégénérescence discale (DD) est un problème majeur de santé publique dans les pays industrialisés où elle touche une grande partie de la population. Elle est considérée comme l'une des premières causes de consultation antidouleur et d'arrêt de maladie particulièrement en France. La présente étude s'inscrit dans le cadre du diagnostic de la DD et plus largement de l'évaluation de la fonctionnalité et de la viabilité du disque intervertébral (DIV).Le DIV est un fibrocartilage hétérogène qui assure d'une part la mobilité du rachis et d'autre part la distribution des contraintes mécaniques entre les vertèbres. Ces deux propriétés principales sont liées à la fois au contenu hydrique et à la présence des protéoglycanes (PG) dans le DIV.Plusieurs études ont montré l'importance de la teneur en eau du DIV sur son comportement biomécanique. Le but de notre étude est constitué de deux étapes:1. suivre avec une méthode d'Imagerie de Résonance Magnétique (IRM), les variations de morphologie et d'hydratation sous un chargement mécanique, 2. suivre avec une modélisation numérique, les évolutions des paramètres mécaniques notamment la rigidité, le coefficient de Poisson et la perméabilité intrinsèque du DIV.Les résultats ainsi obtenus sont conformes avec la littérature et le comportement retenu adhère parfaitement avec le cadre expérimental. Ce travail d'exploration de la viabilité discale apporte des informations importantes dans la compréhension du comportement osmotico-mécanique du DIV. / Disc diseases are major public health problem in industrialized countries where they affect a large proportion of the population. Disc degeneration (DD) is considered to be one of the leading causes of pain consultation and sick leave in France. This study is an attempt to diagnose DD and more generally an assessment of the functionality and viability of the InterVertebral Disc (IVD). The IVD is an heterogeneous cartilage, that ensures rachis mobility and optimal stress redistribution between vertebrae. These two main properties are linked to the hydric content and the presence of proteoglycans (PG) which decline in a natural process throughout life. This degenerative process is in some case accelerated, leading to the Degenerative Disc Diseases (DDD) or troubles. Several studies have shown the importance of the water content of the disc on its biomechanical behavior. The aims of our study are:1. to follow with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the variation in morphology and hydration under mechanical stress,2. to follow with a numerical model, the changes in mechanical parameters such as stiffness, Poisson's ratio and the intrinsic permeability of the IVD.The post-processing on Magnetic Resonance (MR) data allowed reconstructing the 3D deformation under a known mechanical load and deducing the porosity of the disc. The results obtained are conform with the literature and the adopted behavior adheres perfectly with the experimental data. This study demonstrates also, the ability to calculate the mechanical parameters of an IVD, providing precious information to understand the mechanical behaviour and hence judge the viability of the IVD.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-15T12:50:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438772.pdf: 1613820 bytes, checksum: acf9f176aae64deea8789a07496bc313 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / Family, as a divine institution, the basis of any society, has received impacts in the last few centuries, and one of them is the transference of the regulation of the matrimony to the State, that established the civil matrimony and, later, broke the Christian principle of the indissolubility of the matrimony, approving the Civil Divorce in 1977 and allowing any individual to end the marital bound. It represents a negative impact to the Christian Church, and, as a consequence, triggered a significant increase of couples that have divorced and that have a second matrimony. In order to solve many family conflicts, the divorce was approved by the State, and this is accepted by some ideologies and religions. However, the position of the Christian Church remains firm, considering the fight for the unit and indissolubility of the matrimony, which is defined as The matrimonial pact [Alliance], in which a man and a woman established a consortium to their lives, being not only positive to the couples as well as to the children s raising and, among baptized, the law was established by Jesus Christ, the Lord, that dignified the sacrament. Thus, among baptized, the same sacrament validates the matrimony and does not accept the second one (CIC 1055). The Catholic Church rejects the civil divorce of the Christians life, so that the catholic that has divorced and married again, is not allowed to participate of the Eucharist, since his/her situation is irregular. But the Evangelical Church Assembly of God does not conceive the civil divorce as the civil marriage, it follows the rules of the Bible and it is also belied in the indissolubility of the marriage, although the civil divorce is accepted, when the marital problem is infidelity, whose adultery of one spouse should be proved, and this is based on the Gospel of Saint Mathew 5.32, 19.9, and the word porneia is understood as prostitution and adultery. The exception to the rule of indissolubility allows the access of Lord s Supper, which is as real situation. / A fam?lia, como institui??o divina, base de qualquer sociedade, tem recebido profundos impactos no decorrer dos s?culos e um destes consubstancia-se na transfer?ncia da regula??o do matrim?nio ao poder do Estado que, por sua vez, instituiu o matrim?nio civil e, posteriormente, rompeu o princ?pio crist?o da indissolubilidade do matrim?nio, aprovando o Div?rcio Civil no ano de 1977 e possibilitando a qualquer cidad?o casado romper o v?nculo conjugal. Este representa um impacto mal?fico para o cristianismo que, por consequ?ncia, gerou um aumento significativo de casais crist?os que aderiram ao div?rcio e que contra?ram a segunda uni?o (novo casamento). Para muitas ideologias, inclusive religiosas, a solu??o para os conflitos na fam?lia foi a aprova??o do div?rcio pelo Estado, suposta ruptura do casamento anterior. Todavia, a posi??o da Igreja Cat?lica permanece consolidada em defesa da unidade e indissolubilidade do matrim?nio, o qual ? conceituado como O pacto [Alian?a] matrimonial, pela qual o homem e a mulher constituem entre si o cons?rcio de toda a vida, por sua ?ndole natural, ordenado ao bem dos c?njuges e ? gera??o e educa??o da prole, e, entre batizados, foi por Cristo Senhor elevado ? dignidade de sacramento. Portanto, entre batizados n?o pode haver contrato matrimonial v?lido que n?o seja por isso mesmo sacramento (CIC 1055). O Catolicismo rejeita o div?rcio civil, na vida eclesial de seus fi?is, aos cat?licos que aderem ao div?rcio e contraem segunda uni?o, os quais ser?o privados da eucaristia, por se colocarem em situa??o irregular. No entanto, a Igreja Evang?lica Assembleia de Deus no Brasil n?o recepcionou o div?rcio civil da mesma forma que o casamento civil, submetendo-se ?s observa??es b?blicas e formatando a sua doutrina tamb?m na indissolubilidade do casamento, admitindo, contudo, o div?rcio civil nos casos de infidelidade conjugal, comprovados no ato de adult?rio de um dos c?njuges, fundamentando-se no Evangelho de S?o Mateus 5.32, 19.9, sendo interpretada a palavra porneia como prostitui??o e adult?rio. A exce??o ? regra da indissolubilidade permite o acesso ? Santa Ceia nesse caso concreto.

In this dissertation, we study the mixed finite element method for the linear plane elasticity problem and iterative solvers for the resulting discrete system. We use the Arnold-Winther Element in the mixed finite element discretization. An overlapping Schwarz preconditioner and a multigrid preconditioner for the discrete system are developed and analyzed. We start by introducing the mixed formulation (stress-displacement formulation) for the linear plane elasticity problem and its discretization. A detailed analysis of the Arnold-Winther Element is given. The finite element discretization of the mixed formulation leads to a symmetric indefinite linear system. Next, we study efficient iterative solvers for the symmetric indefinite linear system which arises from the mixed finite element discretization of the linear plane elasticity problem. The preconditioned Minimum Residual Method is considered. It is shown that the problem of constructing a preconditioner for the indefinite linear system can be reduced to the problem of constructing a preconditioner for the H(div) problem in the Arnold-Winther finite element space. Our main work involves developing an overlapping Schwarz preconditioner and a multigrid preconditioner for the H(div) problem. We give condition number estimates for the preconditioned systems together with supporting numerical results.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between knowledge capital (including research & development (R&D), Automation capital stock (AICT), Electronic system (EICT)) diffusion and productivity. We used translog production function to estimate for all six Taiwan high-technology industries. And we also construct the diversification (DIV) and vertical indicator (VIC) to analysis the relationship with organization using the AICT and EICT.

In this dissertation, we study the mixed finite element method for the linear plane elasticity problem and iterative solvers for the resulting discrete system. We use the Arnold-Winther Element in the mixed finite element discretization. An overlapping Schwarz preconditioner and a multigrid preconditioner for the discrete system are developed and analyzed. We start by introducing the mixed formulation (stress-displacement formulation) for the linear plane elasticity problem and its discretization. A detailed analysis of the Arnold-Winther Element is given. The finite element discretization of the mixed formulation leads to a symmetric indefinite linear system. Next, we study efficient iterative solvers for the symmetric indefinite linear system which arises from the mixed finite element discretization of the linear plane elasticity problem. The preconditioned Minimum Residual Method is considered. It is shown that the problem of constructing a preconditioner for the indefinite linear system can be reduced to the problem of constructing a preconditioner for the H(div) problem in the Arnold-Winther finite element space. Our main work involves developing an overlapping Schwarz preconditioner and a multigrid preconditioner for the H(div) problem. We give condition number estimates for the preconditioned systems together with supporting numerical results.