Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:51:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 padilha_a_me_fran.pdf: 468313 bytes, checksum: d0794eda58dd37e7a64a2380c66b2ba9 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / No presente trabalho foi abordado o estudo da prática de atos legislativos próprios- lei em sentido formal- com desvio ou excesso de poder, procurou-se definir como e quando o Estado é obrigado a reparar os danos, material e moral, causados ao particular nessa situação, bem como discutir acerca da responsabilidade pessoal do legislador que tenha concorrido para a elaboração de leis nesse sentido. Sabe-se que o Direito Positivo é todo baseado na elaboração das leis, as quais são realizadas pelo Poder Legislativo. Dessa forma, o Direito se apóia em muito no conjunto de leis vigentes, as quais devem ser cumpridas por toda a sociedade e aplicadas pelos operadores do Direito em geral, notadamente pelo Poder Judiciário. Como a lei é uma fonte do Direito, inspiradora da forma de comportamento da sociedade em geral, é de suma importância estudarmos quando a lei em geral possui algum vício insanável decorrente do excesso ou desvio de poder na atuação dos parlamentares que a elaboraram. Muito embora o exercício da atividade legislativa seja uma das formas de o Estado expressar a sua soberania, hodiernamente em muitas oportunidades temos nos deparado com a elaboração de leis que não atendem os interesses da coletividade em geral. Assim, a atividade parlamentar, que deveria ser exercida em nome do povo e para representar os legítimos interesses do próprio povo, muitas vezes é realizada de forma distorcida para privilegiar os interesses de somente uma pessoa, uma classe ou categoria de pessoas em detrimento do interesse público e do interesse social. As leis elaboradas com o fito de beneficiarem somente uma ou algumas pessoas em detrimento do interesse popular, da sociedade em geral, devem ser reconhecidas como viciadas pelo desvio ou excesso de poder na sua elaboração. O parlamentar desvia-se de suas funções para as quais recebeu poderes da população e age visando... / In the present thesis it was approached the study of the practice of proper legislative acts - law in formal sense - with diversion or excess of power, it was tried to define how and when the State is obligated to remedy the material and moral damages, caused to the individual in such situation, as well as discuss about the legislator's personal responsibility, who has contributed for the elaboration of laws in this sense. It's known that the Positive Law is all based in elaboration of laws, which are carried out by the Legislative Power. In this way, the Law is highly supported on the set of valid laws, which must be obeyed by the society in a whole and enforced by the Law operators in general, mainly by the judiciary. As the law is a source of the Law, which inspires the society's behavior in general, it is extremely important to study when the law, in general, possesses some irremediable failing resulting from the excess or deviation of power in the members of parliament's performance, who had elaborate it. Even though the legislative activity exercise is one of the ways that the State has to express its sovereignty, currently we have faced, in many opportunities, law's elaboration, which doesn't fit the society's interests in general. Thus the parliamentary activity, which was supposed to be exerted in the people's name and to represent people's legitimate interests, many times has been accomplished in a deviated way in order to privilege only one person, class or category of people's interests to the detriment of public and social's interests. The laws, which are elaborated with the intent of benefit only one or some few people to the detriment of the public interest, of the society in general, should be recognized as corrupted by the diversion or excess of power in its elaboration. The member of the parliament deviates from the duties which he received power...(Complete abstract click elctronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IramiAF.pdf: 656108 bytes, checksum: 1ac30916d2a3afe1a1b29b6e3fa7c51f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-15 / The biliopancretic diversion with duodenal switch is one of the mixing techniques used in the treatment of morbid obesity. The duodenal switch reduces the stomach capacity and leaves only 50-100 cm of small intestine for nutrition and absorption. The surgery produces hormonal, structural and biochemical changes, which can influence on the result of scintigraphic examinations in operated patients. With the objective of evaluate the postoperative biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) in brain, thyroid, heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, small intestine, bladder, muscle and bone of Wistar rats. The rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 7 rats each: the duodenal switch group (DS), the control group (C) and the sham group (S). They were operated under anesthesia and aseptic technique. In the tenth postoperative day, 0.1mL of sodium pertechnetate was injected via orbital plexus. After 30 min the animals were killed with overdose of anesthetic and samples of liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, thyroid, lung, heart, kidney, bladder, muscle, bone and brain were harvested, washed with saline and weighed. The detention of radioactivity was made using the automatic Gamma Counter Wizard, PerkinElmer and the percentage of activity per gram of tissue (%ATI/g) was calculated. There was no early or late mortality in either rats groups. The values of percent radioactivity per gram of tissue (%ATI/g), showed no significant difference in liver, stomach, small bowel, duodenum, kidney, heart, bladder, bone and brain, when compared the DS rats with sham and controls rats. A postoperative significant increase in mean %ATI/g levels was observed in spleen, pancreas and muscle in group DS rats, as compared to group S and C rats (p<0.05). In the lung there was an increase and in thyroid a decrease in mean %ATI/g of DS rats, when compared to sham rats (p>0.05). In conclusion, the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch in rats modified the biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate in thyroid, lung, pancreas, spleen and muscle. The study had the participation of the departments and laboratories researches, as Nucleus of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Pathology and Service of Nuclear Medicine, certifying the character of a multidisciplinary research / A cirurgia do desvio biliopancre?tico ? uma das t?cnicas mistas utilizada no tratamento da obesidade m?rbida. O Switch duodenal reduz o est?mago a ? de sua capacidade e deixa apenas 50-100 cm de intestino delgado para nutri??o e absor??o. Isso leva a altera??es estruturais, hormonais e bioqu?micas que podem influenciar no resultado de exames cintilogr?ficos de pacientes operados. Com o objetivo de avaliar a biodistribui??o p?s-operat?ria do pertecnetato de s?dio (Na99mTcO4) em ?rg?os de diversos sistemas como c?rebro, tire?ide, cora??o, pulm?o, f?gado, ba?o, rim, est?mago, duodeno, p?ncreas, intestino delgado, bexiga, m?sculo e f?mur de ratos Wistar submetidos ? t?cnica do switch duodenal, foram utilizados ratos com 3 meses de idade alocados aleatoriamente em: grupo tratado, submetido ? cirurgia de desvio biliopancre?tico, t?cnica do switch duodenal (SD), o grupo controle (C) e o grupo submetido a uma simula??o de cirurgia, denominado sham (S). No d?cimo dia de p?s-operat?rio, 0,1 mL do pertecnetato de s?dio (Na99mTcO4) foi injetado via plexo orbital (IV). Decorridos trinta minutos da administra??o do radiof?rmaco, os animais foram sacrificados e submetidos a toracolaparotomia mediana para retirada do f?gado, ba?o, p?ncreas, est?mago, duodeno, intestino delgado, tire?ide, pulm?o, cora??o, rim, bexiga, m?sculo, f?mur e c?rebro. A detec??o da radioatividade foi feita com Contador Gama (Wizard, PerkinElmer USA), autom?tico. Calculou-se em seguida o percentual de atividade por grama de tecido (%ATI/g) do pertecnetato de s?dio (Na99m TcO4) em cada ?rg?o. Os valores da biodistribui??o do pertecnetato no ba?o, p?ncreas e m?sculo nos animais do grupo switch tiveram uma diferen?a significativamente maior do que os dos grupos C e S (p<0,05). Na tire?ide dos animais do grupo SD o pertecnetato teve menor capta??o em rela??o aos demais grupos, sendo estatisticamente significante quando comparada ao grupo S (p<0,05). A biodistribui??o pulmonar nos animais do grupo SD s? foi significativamente maior quando comparada a do grupo S (p<0,05). N?o houve diferen?a significante, para os demais ?rg?os. Em conclus?o, a t?cnica do desvio biliopancre?tico com switch duodenal alterou a biodistribui??o p?s-operat?ria do Na99mTcO4 em ?rg?os como tire?ide, pulm?o, ba?o, p?ncreas e m?sculo de ratos operados, devido a prov?veis altera??es metab?licas e estruturais causadas por t?cnica cir?rgica mutilante. O trabalho teve um car?ter multidisciplinar com a participa??o de pesquisadores de diferentes departamentos e laborat?rios, como N?cleo de Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Cirurgia, Laborat?rio de Radiobiologia e o Servi?o de Medicina Nuclear da Liga Norte-Riograndense contra o C?ncer, atestando o car?ter multidisciplinar da pesquisa

Le devenir des branches artérielles émergentes de la proximité d’un anévrysme intracrânien et couvertes par un stent à diversion de flux lors le traitement de l’anévrysme reste controversé. Une recherche animalière de caractère translationnel a été conduite afin d’élucider le rôle du flux collatéral dans les changements hémodynamiques apportés par un stent a diversion de flux. La couverture néointimale relative aux modifications hémodynamiques aux ostia de ces artères a été également évaluée. Pour atteindre notre objectif, nous avons cherché à quantifier les changements hémodynamiques dans les artères couvertes à leurs origines et à quantifier leur surface de couverture par le tissu endothélial à 3 mois après le placement du stent à diversion de flux dans un modèle animal porcin.Méthodes Suivant une analyse de pouvoir statistique a priori, deux groupes (A, B), chacun contenant sept porcs de race large white, ont été créés, suivant un modèle de flux de circulation artérielle terminale ou anastomotique. Groupe A correspondait à une configuration artérielle de type anastomotique pour l’artère Pharyngienne ascendante droite et groupe B à une configuration terminale concernant la même branche ; cette configuration terminale a été créée par l’occlusion endovasculaire sélective des apports artériels collatéraux pour le territoire de suppléance de l’artère Pharyngienne ascendante droite. Ensuite, pour chacun des 14 animaux, un stent à diversion de flux a été placé dans la carotide interne droite couvrant ainsi l’ostium de l’artère pharyngienne ascendante homolatérale. Pour mesurer les vélocités à l’origine de cette artère, une séquence IRM de contraste de phase tridimensionnelle avec une résolution temporelle (4D) a été utilisée. Des valeurs ont été obtenues avant et après stenting. Trois mois plus tard, un travail de prélèvement anatomique suivi d’une analyse par microscopie à balayage anatomique a été a été réalisé. Une quantification surfacique a été ainsi obtenue permettant de déterminer la perméabilité des ostia des artères pharyngienne ascendante. Les données ont été ainsi analysées grâce à des tests de statistique descriptive et comparative des deux groupes prédéterminés. Des tests paramétriques et non paramétriques ont également été obtenus. Résultats La faisabilité a pu être obtenue dans tous les spécimens utilisés. Nous n’avons déploré aucune mortalité immédiate ni aucune occlusion intra-stent relatives à la procédure. Les séquences IRM de diffusion ont témoigné de l’absence d’ischémie distale à la phase aigue après la mise en place du stent, Immédiatement, en post stenting, le flux moyen dans les artères pharyngiennes ascendantes droites du groupe a été réduit d’une façon significative, quand on le compare à la valeur moyenne en pré- stenting [P = 0.0008, pouvoir statistique: 0.9548]. Au contraire, le flux moyen dans les artères pharyngiennes ascendantes droites du groupe B est resté comparable à la valeur moyenne pré- stenting. Apres trois mois de suivi, la valeur moyenne de surface perméable était significativement plus élevée dans le groupe B (527,911 ± 306,229 μm2) que dans le groupe A (89,329 ± 59,762 μm2) [P< 0.01, power: 1.00], malgré la similarité les dimensions artérielles initiales (pré-stenting) dans les deux groupes. Une corrélation positive significative a été retrouvée entre les deux groupes concernant le flux moyen post stenting et la surface moyenne de couverture aux ostia, à trois mois de suivi. / The outcome of jailing arterial branches that emerge near intracranial aneurysms during flow-diverting stent deployment remains controversial. We report an animal research study aiming to elucidate the role of collateral supply in the hemodynamic changes and neointimal modifications resulting from jailing arteries with flow-diverting stents. To serve this purpose, we sought to quantify the hemodynamic changes at the jailed arterial branches immediately after stenting, as well as quantify the ostia surface values at three months post-stenting, in the presence or absence of collateral arterial flow. Methods After a priori power analysis, two groups (A, B), each containing seven large white swine, were created according to an animal flow model for terminal and anastomotic arterial circulation. Group A corresponded to an arterial configuration with anastomotic type of arterial supply for the territory of the right Ascending Pharyngeal artery (APhA) and group B to an arterial configuration of terminal type of arterial supply for the territory of the right APhA. Subsequently, all animals were stented by flow-diverting stents, jailing the right ascending pharyngeal arteries. Mean flow rates and velocities inside the jailed branches were quantified before and after stenting by time-resolved, 3D, phase contrast MRA. After three months the jailed ostia surface values were quantified on scanning electron microscopic images. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and group comparisons with parametric and non-parametric tests.Results Endovascular procedures were feasible, without in situ thrombus formation or ischemic DWI findings on post-procedure MRIs. Immediately following stenting, mean flow rate values at the jailed right ascending pharyngeal arteries were reduced in group A, as compared to the pre-stenting values [P = 0.0008, power: 0.9548]. In contrast, mean flow rates for group B remained similar to the pre-stenting values. At three months post-stenting, mean ostia surface values were significantly higher for group B (527,911 ± 306,229 μm2) than for group A (89,329 ± 59,762 μm2) [P< 0.01, power: 1.00], even though the initial dimensions of the jailed ostia were similar between groups. A statistically significant correlation was found between group (A or B), mean flow rates post-stenting and ostia surface values at three months. ConclusionWhen important collateral supply was present, jailing side arteries with flow-diverters resulted in an immediate, significant reduction in flow rate inside these arteries, as compared to the pre-stenting values. In contrast, when competitive flow was absent, jailing did not result in significant flow rate reductions inside the jailed arteries. Ostium surface values at three months were significantly higher in the terminal group of jailed arteries, compared to the anastomotic group and strongly correlated with the velocity value reductions post- stenting. Key words: flow-diverting stent, collateral arteries, endothelialization, ostium, embolization, magnetic resonance angiography, magnetic resonance imaging

La RDC a hérité de la Belgique d’un système tutélaire cristallisé par le décret de 1950 sur l’enfance délinquante à qui l’on a reproché une inadéquation aux réalités sociétales locales. Ce texte est, toutefois, resté en application jusqu’en 2009, année à laquelle le pays s’est afin doté d’une loi sur la protection de l’enfant (LPE). Ce nouveau texte aura le mérite d’aborder la quasi-totalité des questions juridiques relatives à l’enfant ; mais sa principale faille reste le manque de clarté, de cohérence et de vision globale. Cette loi entretient, en effet, un imbroglio juridique qui ressort tant au niveau de la criminalisation primaire que secondaire. Si son intitulé laisse croire à la continuité du modèle tutélaire, son contenu dévoile un alignement sur le code malien de protection de l’enfant de 2002 qui, sur le plan pénal, est influencé par le système français d’obédience « répressionnelle ». Pendant que certains auteurs continuent à soutenir une irresponsabilité pénale absolue du mineur, la LPE fait appel à certains concepts qui remettent en question cette approche. Ainsi, la présente étude a proposé, à partir du droit coutumier et du droit comparé (français et belge), une lecture pénale et critique de la LPE basée sur une approche systémique, cohérente et contextuelle de la situation pénale du mineur-délinquant. Elle démontre, in fine, l’autonomie du droit pénal congolais des mineurs / The Republic democratic of Congo has inherited from Belgium a guardianship children’s system crystallized by the decree of 1950 on delinquent childhood, which was criticized for being inadequate to the Congolese societal realities. However, this text remained in force until 2009, when the country adopted a juvenal protection act (JPA). This text will have the merit of addressing almost all legal issues relating to children; but its main weakness remains the lack of clarity, coherence, and global vision. This law has indeed a legal imbroglio which emerges both at the level of primary and secondary criminalization. While its title suggests the continuity of the tutelary model, its content reveals an alignment with the Malian children’s protection act of 2002, which, on the criminal level, is influenced by the French system more oriented towards repression. While some authors continue to support an absolute criminal irresponsibility of the minor, the JPA uses some concepts which contradicts this approach. Therefore, the present study has proposed a criminal and critical reading based on a systemic, coherent and contextual approach to the juvenile offender while referring to both customary and comparative law (French and Belgian). This study demonstrates the autonomy of Congolese criminal law on minors

La copropriété des immeubles bâtis revêt une importance particulière, étant donné qu’elle est influencée par plusieurs facteurs. Le facteur socio-culturel de la composition de la société libanaise et celui du problème de déplacés de guerre, occupent une part considérable dans l’étude de la copropriété. On relève des problèmes, issus de la confusion entre le juridique et le réel. L’expansion économique et immobilière, depuis la fin de la guerre, a poussé un grand nombre de libanais à se concentrer dans les grandes villes et leurs banlieues dans l’objectif du travail ou d’éducation. Cette concentration a provoqué une activité dans le domaine des bâtiments. Divers problèmes sont rencontrés dans ce domaine, d’une part à cause de l’absence des réglementations opportunes et d’autre part, suite à des divergences dans la jurisprudence. En prenant en considération tous ces facteurs, nous tenterons de trouver des solutions à des gros problèmes en se référant, quand le cas se présente, aux lois et jurisprudences françaises. / The co-ownership of buildings has a particular importance, given the fact that it is influenced by many factors. The socio-cultural factor of the composition of the Lebanese society and that of the problem of the displaced persons (DP) during the Lebanese war, occupy a considerable part in the study of co-ownership. We note several problems that arise from the confusion between law and reality. The economic and real-estate expansion, since the end of the war, caused a large part of the Lebanese population to concentrate in large cities and their suburbs either for education or work. This concentration provoked an activity increase in the construction field. Diverse problems are encountered in this field, due to the absence of appropriate regulations on one hand, or due to divergences in the jurisprudence on the other hand. By taking into consideration all these factors, we attempt to find solutions to major problems, by referring, when the case arises, to the French laws and jurisprudence.

南水北調中綫工程的完成是國家權力成功運作的結果，而本文希望透過檢視水源地之一十堰市在環境治理上的表現來刻畫地方政府的行爲模式。 經濟發展與環境保護歷來是地方政府需要面臨的雙重考驗，縱向上看，中央與地方也常因利益分歧造成政策執行上的扭曲。而這種中央-地方關係及經濟發展與環境保護的矛盾在水源地十堰市體現得尤為明顯。因爲作爲水源地它需要切實貫徹中央「保水質」的任務，但是「保水質」與「保護環境」有著不同的內涵和指向，其背後是中央與地方利益的較量。然而，更深層次的矛盾在於，作爲一個貧困地區，十堰市本身脫貧壓力巨大，發展經濟的意願强烈。爲了保護水源地，十堰市必須在經濟發展上做出犧牲。面對這一複雜情境，十堰市的領導人毅然選擇完成中央交辦的任務。 本文希望透過檢視十堰市政府與上級政府及地方行動者的互動來勾畫出地方政府的行爲模式，同時探討其行爲背後的原因。 / The south-to-north water transfer project is a great hydraulic engineering aiming at relieving water scarcity problem in Northern China. The Chinese central government plays an important role in building dams and transferring water through closed conduit. However, the more challenging problem is to guarantee the water quality of the water source area:Danjiankou Reservoir. As the main part of the reservoir is located in Shiyan city, it has no choice but to take responsibility of protecting environment and make sure that the water quality standard can be reached. Facing such arduous task, Shiyan spare no effort in reaching the goal, and some polluting industries are badly effected or even prohibited. As the result, the performance of Shiyan is appreciated by leaders of all levels, but these measures are controversial. Balancing between economic development and environmental protection is quite difficult, but as an extremely poor city, Shiyan City would rather protect aquatic environment for northern people than develop economy for local residents. So the performance of Shiyan city aroused my interest.This thesis tries to throw light on how Shiyan governed the environment and how it react to pressures from above and below, and why it happened. The conclusion is that Shiyan takes different strategies towards different actors, and the reason is related to performance evaluation system and promotion. And the results are based on field work, books ,journals and so on.

In this thesis, we analyze the performance of the Post Detection Integration (PDI) techniques used for detection of weak DS/CDMA signals in the presence of uncertainty in the frequency, noise variance and data bits. Such weak signal detection problems arise, for example, in the first step of code acquisition for applications such as the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) based position localization. Typically, in such applications, a combination of coherent and post-coherent integration stages are used to improve the reliability of signal detection. We show that the feasibility of using fully coherent processing is limited due to the presence of unknown data-bits and/or frequency uncertainty. We analyze the performance of the two conventional PDI techniques, namely, the Non-coherent PDI (NC-PDI) and the Differential-PDI (D-PDI), in the presence of noise and data bit uncertainty, to establish their robustness for weak signal detection. We show that the NC-PDI technique is robust to uncertainty in the data bits, but a fundamental detection limit exists due to uncertainty in the noise variance. The D-PDI technique, on the other hand, is robust to uncertainty in the noise variance, but its performance degrades in the presence of unknown data bits. We also analyze the following different variants of the NC-PDI and D-PDI techniques: Quadratic NC-PDI technique, Non-quadratic NC-PDI, D-PDI with real component (D-PDI (Real)) and D-PDI with absolute component (D-PDI (Abs)). We show that the likelihood ratio based test statistic derived in the presence of data bits is non-robust in the presence of noise uncertainty. We propose two novel PDI techniques as a solution to the above mentioned shortcomings in the conventional PDI methods. The first is a cyclostationarity based sub-optimal PDI technique, that exploits the periodicity introduced due to the data bits. We establish the exact mathematical relationship between the D-PDI and cyclostationarity-based signal detection methods. The second method we propose is a modified PDI technique, which is robust against both noise and data bit uncertainties. We derive two variants of the modified technique, which are tailored for data and pilot channels, respectively. We characterize the performance of the conventional and proposed PDI techniques in terms of their false alarm and detection probabilities and compare them through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. We derive the sample complexity of the test-statistic in order to achieve a given performance in terms of detection and false alarm probabilities in the presence of model uncertainties. We validate the theoretical results and illustrate the improved performance that can be obtained using our proposed PDI protocols through Monte-Carlo simulations.

In view of the postponement of negotiations for the modernization of the EU-Turkey customs union, this paper is aimed to look back and examine the ex-post impacts of the CU by examining its trade creation and diversion effects. The study tests effects of 44 countries (including Turkey, 28 EU and 15 non-EU countries) with aggregated data for time period from 1989 to 2019 and disaggregated sectoral trade data from 1995 to 2019. For estimation, the gravity model with strong theoretical and empirical foundation is used by combining various fixed effects with PPML method. The results from the aggregated analysis confirm the trade-promoting effects of the EU-Turkey customs union with mixed effects on both trade within the members (intra-trade creation effects) and trade with non- members (extra-trade creation effects). But the trade diversion is not significantly proved in the model. Besides, a substantial heterogeneity in the CU effect is found across different industries, suggesting the CU has significantly improved the trade on textiles, transportation, machinery, metals and plastics/rubbers, but negligibly influence agriculture, mineral and chemicals. Furthermore, the study also evidences that the impact of the CU is stronger in EU's export to Turkey than Turkey's export to the EU. Finally, CU's...

MA (Youth Development) / Institute of Gender and Youth Studies / See the attached abstract below

Armenia is going to join the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia (the Eurasian Customs Union) in the coming months. The author uses partial-equilibrium model to investigate and calculate trade diversion, trade creation and net welfare effects of accession on the Armenian economy. The thesis concludes that the membership in the customs union would lead to welfare losses and negative static effects. The main reason is the pure trade diversion effect on Armenia resulting from the increased external tariff rate. Adopting the common external tariff of the Eurasian Customs Union would raise the prices of those imported goods which flow from outside the customs union. As the majority of Armenian imports come from outside the Eurasian Customs Union, the increase in import prices would carry high social costs for the Armenian consumers. In addition, the absence of shared border with the customs union member-states substantially diminishes the potential benefits from possible non-tariff barrier facilitation. Therefore, the thesis strongly recommends against the accession.