The present study has the objective of identifying the influence of the following factors: corporate governance, liquidity and dividend policy in the difference of prices between preferential and ordinary stocks of the Brazilian companies negotiated at Bovespa. To evaluate the corelation among the independent variables of each factor the monthly corelation among them was calculated. It was observed that the variables volume ant title are highly corelated. In order to avoid the multicolinearity problem the decision was to estimate regression models separated. The variable volume is also highly corelated to the variable business, which led to the decision of evaluating a third model with the variable business. However, for all the models the variable spread was maintained, since this hasn t presented high corelation with the other variables. The size of the company was also tested to analyse if there is a corelation with the difference of prices.Even not having a corelation it was found to be prudent to insert this measure in the models to be estimated. The analyses method is a monthly linear multiple regression. After the estimation of the coefficient of the regressions analysed between 1995 and 2006, 144 estimates of each b coefficient were obtained. Following the procedure suggested by Fama and MacBeth(1973) the average of regression coefficient for each factor was calculated. The t estatistical test was used to select the variables which reached significance in the test. The results show that model 3 is responsible for the three factors together. The liquidity is not the explanatory factor in the difference of prices neither for model 1 nor for 2. That is, the variables spread and volume or spread and title together are not capable to explain the influence of the prices. Therefore, the model that showed a higher efficiency is model 3 / O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar a influência dos fatores governança corporativa, liquidez e política de dividendos na diferença de preços entre as ações ordinárias e preferenciais das empresas brasileiras negociadas na Bovespa. Esta pesquisa justifica-se pelo fato de as ações ordinárias e preferenciais apresentarem política de distribuição de dividendos distinta, bem como liquidez diferenciada e necessitarem cumprir exigências segundo as boas práticas de governança corporativa. Para avaliar a correlação entre as variáveis independentes de cada fator, a correlação mensal foi testada. Observou-se que as variáveis volume e títulos são altamente correlacionadas. Para evitar o problema de multicolinearidade optouse por estimar modelos de regressões separadas. A variável volume também é altamente correlacionada com a variável negócios. Entretanto, para todos os modelos a variável spread foi mantida, pois essa não apresentou alta correlação com as outras variáveis. Foi testado também se o tamanho da empresa apresenta correlação com a diferença de preços. Mesmo não tendo apresentado correlação, julgou-se prudente inserir tal medida nos modelos a serem estimados. O método de análise são regressões lineares múltiplas mensais. Após a estimação dos coeficientes de regressão analisados entre 1995 e 2006, foram obtidas 144 estimativas para cada coeficiente b. Seguindo os procedimentos sugeridos por Fama e MacBeth (1973) foram calculadas as médias dos coeficientes mensais de cada fator. O teste estatístico t foi usado para selecionar as variáveis que apresentaram significância em cada fator. Os resultados mostram que apenas o modelo 3, que contempla como fator de liquidez as variáveis negócios e spread, é responsável pela explicação dos três fatores conjuntamente. A liquidez não é fator explicativo na diferença de preços nem para o modelo 1 ou 2, isto é, as variáveis spread e volume ou spread e títulos, juntas, não são capazes de explicar a influência da liquidez na diferença de preços. Com isso, o modelo que apresentou maior eficiência na nossa pesquisa é o modelo 3

This thesis examines the relationship between corporate liquidity and dividend policy. The corporate liquidity is measured by proven liquidity ratios and the dividend policy is divided into cash dividends and share repurchases. In order to examine the possible relationship between corporate liquidity and dividend policy, public European firms are examined. Denmark, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, and the UK are selected based on the similarities in the regulation and market structure in the countries. The thesis aims at furthering the knowledge on the role played by corporate liquidity for dividend policy. In our ambition to investigate the before-mentioned relationship we use a panel data set over five years extracted from Datastream. Any newfound evidence on the subject can help investors, creditors, and other stakeholders in evaluating firms based on their liquidity.  We used a deductive quantitative method to analyse the chosen relationship. The study concluded a significant relationship between corporate liquidity and dividend, although negative as opposed to our expectations. With regards to share repurchase, no significant effect was found from corporate liquidity. Free cash flow on the other hand appears to have a positive effect on the amount of share repurchases carried through. We discuss mentioned relationships and attribute them to the mature firms in this sample and the liquidity levels of mature firms.The theories supporting these findings are Agency Theory, Pecking Order Theory, Shareholder Theory, Stakeholder Theory, Liquidity Preference Theory.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-04-10T13:19:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Milton Lanzarini Pagini.pdf: 515097 bytes, checksum: db2105af9eb3ad071abbc4bea3b09e40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-10T13:19:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Milton Lanzarini Pagini.pdf: 515097 bytes, checksum: db2105af9eb3ad071abbc4bea3b09e40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-24 / Nenhuma / A presente dissertação objetivou analisar quais são os fatores de natureza financeira determinantes da constituição da reserva de lucros a realizar (RLR) pelas empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA. A constituição dessa reserva, além de ser opcional, representa uma retenção de parte do lucro líquido do exercício não realizado financeiramente e guarda estreita relação com a estrutura de capital e a política de dividendos. Dessa forma, as pesquisas abrangeram a teoria internacional sobre estrutura de capital e política de dividendos e, principalmente, estudos empíricos realizados no âmbito de empresas brasileiras sobre política de dividendos. Com base nos dados das demonstrações financeiras dos anos de 2010 e 2011 dessas empresas, foi obtida uma amostra de 170 observações, das quais 27 se referem a empresas que constituíram a RLR em questão, e 143 que não a constituíram. A partir da teoria e dos estudos empíricos relacionados à estrutura de capital e política de dividendos, foram estabelecidos oito índices econômico-financeiros com potencial impacto na constituição da RLR. Utilizando a regressão logística, foram testados vários modelos, dos quais resultou a equação composta pelas variáveis explicativas ROA (Retorno sobre o Ativo), ICJ (Índice de Cobertura de Juros) e IREP (Índice de Realização da Equivalência Patrimonial), todas significantes ao nível de 5%. Ficou evidenciado que as variáveis dessa equação representam os fatores financeiros com maior poder preditivo da probabilidade de constituição da RLR. A variável ROA, que mede a rentabilidade da empresa, apresentou coeficiente positivo e, portanto, de acordo com o modelo, quanto maior o seu valor, maior a chance de a empresa constituir a RLR. Tomando por base, contudo, os resultados de estudos empíricos brasileiros, para os quais a rentabilidade tem uma relação positiva com a distribuição de dividendos, a expectativa era de uma relação negativa entre ROA e a RLR, já que quanto maior a distribuição de dividendos (e maior ROA, a rentabilidade), menor a chance de ser constituída a RLR. Este resultado sugere que, particularmente no que tange à RLR, o nível de distribuição de lucros não exerce influência na sua constituição, o que merece ser investigado. O coeficiente da variável IREP, por sua vez, se apresentou negativo, confirmando, portanto, a expectativa inicial, já que IREP mede a capacidade de geração de caixa, via realização financeira do resultado positivo de equivalência patrimonial de investimentos permanentes. Finalmente, a baixa contribuição da variável ICJ para o resultado final do poder preditivo do modelo sugere a necessidade de realização de testes mais amplos para esta variável. / This thesis aims to analyze what financial factors are determinants to establish the RLR (reserve for unearned revenue) by companies listed on the BM & FBOVESPA. This reserve, besides being optional, represents a withholding of unearned net profit and it is closely related to capital structure and dividend policy. Thus, this research covers international theory about capital structure and dividend policy and mostly empirical studies within Brazilian companies on dividend policy. Based on the available data of these companies in their financial statements for years 2010 and 2011, we obtained a sample of 170 observations, for which establishing the reserve was optional. Of these, 27 opted to do so and 143 did not. From the available academic references and collected data, we established eight financial indexes with potential impact on the establishment of a RLR. With the use of logistic regression, we tested several models, resulting in the equation including the explanatory variables ROA (return over assets), ICJ (interest coverage ratio) and IREP (equity realization ratio), all significant at the 5% level. Thus, it was evident that the variables of this equation represent the financial factors with the highest forecasting capability of establishing the RLR. The variable ROA, which measures the profitability of the company, presented a positive coefficient, and therefore, according to the model, the higher the value, the greater the chance the company establishes the reserve. However, based on the results of empirical studies in Brazil, for which profitability has a positive relationship with distribution of dividends, we expected a negative relationship between ROA and reserves, since higher dividend distribution (and higher ROA, profitability), results in a lower chance of establishing the reserve. This result suggests that, particularly with respect to the RLR, the level of profit distribution does not influence its establishment, which merits further investigation. The coefficient of the IREP variable was negative, thereby confirming the initial expectation, since IREP measures the ability to generate cash, via financial realization of assets by recognition of profits arising from equity income from investment to meet dividend obligations on profits of the same nature. Finally, the low contribution of variable ICJ of the model ́s forecasting capability suggests conducting further tests for this variable.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-06-08T12:04:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Lanner de Araujo Simon_.pdf: 949297 bytes, checksum: a070cc1b62bb16a641fb5357e0431bd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-08T12:04:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Lanner de Araujo Simon_.pdf: 949297 bytes, checksum: a070cc1b62bb16a641fb5357e0431bd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo visa a analisar os fatores determinantes da política de dividendos de dois grupos amostrais, o grupo composto por instituições financeiras e o grupo composto pelas demais companhias, que corresponde aos demais setores da economia. O objetivo é verificar se as instituições financeiras são diferentes das demais companhias em se tratando dos determinantes da política de dividendos. Utilizou-se o método Tobit com dados em painel desbalanceado em uma amostra de companhias abertas brasileiras listadas na B3 no período de 2000 a 2016, totalizando 3.167 observações. Os resultados sugerem que os fatores determinantes da política de dividendos influenciam de maneira diferente os dois grupos amostrais. Todas as variáveis de interesse do modelo influenciam o payout do grupo das demais companhias, enquanto apenas a estabilidade da política de dividendos (EPD) influencia o payout das instituições Financeiras na maioria das especificações desta pesquisa. A variável EPD combinada ao fato de a companhia ser instituição financeira apresenta efeito diferencial negativo no payout. Isso indica que o efeito dessa variável em relação ao payout é significativamente maior para as demais companhias do que para as instituições financeiras e reforça que, pelo menos no que se refere a esse fator, os grupos amostrais são de fato diferentes. No entanto, ao se comparar os resultados dos grupos amostrais com a amostra completa, observa-se que os resultados do grupo das demais companhias são semelhantes aos da amostra completa, em termos de sinal e significância estatística dos coeficientes das variáveis. Dessa forma, os resultados sugerem que a exclusão das instituições financeiras dos estudos sobre política de dividendos não acarreta alterações significativas nos resultados das estimações. Adicionalmente, para verificar a sensibilidade dos resultados ao período de análise, o período completo foi segmentado em cinco subperíodos definidos em função da variação dos cenários da economia brasileira. Verificou-se razoável variação nos fatores determinantes dependendo do subperíodo analisado, indicando que cenários econômicos distintos podem influenciar a política de dividendos dos grupos amostrais diferentemente e que os fatores determinantes não são constantes no tempo. / This study aims to analyze the determinant factors of the dividend policy of two sample groups being the first comprised of financial institutions and the second by all of the remaining publicly traded companies. This analysis is carried out in order to verify whether financial institutions are different from all of the other companies in terms of dividend policy’s determinants. Through Tobit Models with unbalanced panel data, this study has analyzed the Brazilian publicly traded firms listed in B3 between the years 2000 and 2016, totaling 3,167 firm-year observations. The results suggest that the main determinants of the dividend policy reported in the literature influence the dividend policy of the two sample groups differently. All of the variables of interest considered in the main econometric model have influenced the payout of the non-financial companies, while only the stability of the dividend policy (EPD) has influenced the payout of financial institutions in the majority of the specifications of this research. The EPD variable combined with the fact that the company is a financial institution has a negative differential effect on its payout. This indicates that the effect of this variable on payout has been significantly greater for the non-financial companies than for financial institutions, thus reinforcing that, at least in what refers to this factor, the sample groups are in fact different. However, by comparing the results of regressions of the sample groups to regressions estimated for the complete sample, it can be observed that the results of non-financial companies are similar to those of the complete sample in terms of signal and statistical significance of the variables’ coefficients. Thus results suggest that the exclusion of financial institutions from studies on dividend policy has not result in significant changes in the econometric estimations. In order to verify the sensitivity of results to the chosen period of analysis, the complete period has been segmented into five subperiods chosen according to variations of the Brazilian economic scenario. There was a reasonable variation in the determinant factors depending on the analyzed subperiods, indicating that different economic scenarios can influence the dividend policy of the sample groups differently, and that determinant factors are not constant in time.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Nazare de Souza Barletta.pdf: 1857271 bytes, checksum: c3321b6fd4c0b691c7734ade40238747 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-06 / In corporate finance, the financial manager must be aware of investment and financing decisions. What assets will now acquire and who capital will finance them? There is one more decision to make when the company achieves its goals, about their profitability. Distribute earnings? How? How many percent? The dividend policy of a company is considered a puzzle and this issue is intensively investigated. However, there are still many controversies. After the financial crisis in 2007, which peaked in 2008, these decisions about the dividend policy were even more complex. This study investigates the factors influencing the decisions of dividend policy of non-financial companies listed on Brazilian stock exchange from 2008 to 2013. Results show broadly that the crisis did not affect significantly the payment of dividends of Brazilian companies, which remained average payout ratio above mandatory by law. However there is evidence that the risk of the crisis could negatively influence exercised off as shown. The dividend increased for large enterprises. The first is that companies need to communicate to its shareholders that the crisis has not affected the company as much as the other. This form them wanting to show strong emit an image of confidence in the company about its future financial position, aiming to keep the shareholders and reducing their propensity to sell shares. Another possibility is that these companies actually just returned cash to shareholders, since the opportunities for investment in good projects had diminished. The third possibility follows the agency theory, according to which shareholders are suspicious of managers and require greater dividends in periods of declining number of good investment opportunities. / Em finanças corporativas, o gerente financeiro sempre precisa estar atento a decisões de investimento e financiamento. Quais ativos esta empresa ira adquirir e com que capital irá financiá-los? Há mais uma decisão a tomar quando a empresa atinge seus objetivos, acerca de sua lucratividade. Distribuir os ganhos? Como ? Em quais proporções? A política de dividendos de uma empresa moderna é considerada um quebra cabeças e este tema é investigado intensivamente. No entanto, ainda existem muitas controvérsias. Após a crise financeira iniciada em 2007, que atingiu seu ápice em 2008, estas decisões acerca da política de dividendos ficaram ainda mais complexas. Este estudo investiga os fatores que influenciaram as decisões de política de dividendos das empresas não financeiras listadas em bolsa de 2008 a 2013. Os resultados mostram de forma ampla que a crise não afetou de forma significativa o pagamento dos dividendos das empresas brasileiras, os quais mantiveram índice médio de pagamento acima do obrigatório por lei. No entanto há evidência de o risco da crise poder exercido influência negativa pontual conforme demonstramos. Os dividendos aumentam para grandes empresas. A primeira delas é que empresas precisam comunicar a seus acionistas que a crise não afetou a empresa tanto quanto a outras. Esta forma delas quererem se mostrar fortes emite uma imagem de confiança na empresa e em sua posição financeira futura, visando manter os acionistas e reduzindo sua propensão a venderem suas ações. Outra possibilidade é que essas empresas na verdade simplesmente devolveram dinheiro aos acionistas, dado que as oportunidades de investimento em bons projetos haviam diminuído. A terceira possibilidade segue a teoria de agência, segundo a qual os acionistas passam a desconfiar dos gestores e obrigam a uma maior distribuição de dividendos em períodos de diminuição do número de boas oportunidades de investimento.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:25:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Roberto Neves.pdf: 1692057 bytes, checksum: 1c05273fdce25b1f9e76a01c967c3542 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-16 / The dividend policy is essential for companies as it is related to investing and financing decisions. In addition, companies pay significant amounts as dividends. Moreover, despite the development of various theories and the accomplishment of numerous empirical results, there is no consensus on what is achieved. Stimulated by these factors, this paper seeks to study the relationship between dividend policy of firms and information asymmetries in the Brazilian capital market, or in other words, empirically verify the adherence of signaling theory in the Brazilian market. Furthermore, it sought to validate the classical determinants of dividend policy (size, growth potential, profitability and risk). To conduct this study, it was used four different measures to evaluate the dividend policy of firms, related to the decisions on to pay dividends or not, how much to pay, to initiate the payment and to increase the amount paid. We used two statistical methods: panel data with fixed effect and regression with LOGIT model for binary variable. The sample of companies has involved those which are listed on the BOVESPA and the data used encompassed the period from 2000 to 2009. The results show that profitability is the most important dividend determinant, indicating that more profitable firms pay more dividends. The "market-to-book" ratio proved to be a significant factor in determining the amount of dividend paid and is related more to profitability than the company's growth potential, since this indicator can take on the dual meanings. The risk is significant and negatively related to companies' decision to pay dividends or not. On the other hand, the results do not support the signaling theory of dividends. / A política de dividendos é fundamental para as empresas, pois ela relaciona-se com as suas decisões de investimento e de financiamento. Além disso, as empresas pagam valores expressivos a título de dividendos. No entanto, apesar da elaboração de diversas teorias e da realização de inúmeros resultados empíricos, ainda não há consenso nos resultados alcançados. Estimulada por estes fatores, esta dissertação buscou estudar a relação entre a política de dividendos das empresas e a assimetria de informação no mercado de capitais brasileiro, ou, em outras palavras, verificar empiricamente a aderência da teoria de sinalização no mercado brasileiro. Adicionalmente, buscou-se validar os determinantes clássicos da política de dividendos (tamanho, potencial de crescimento, rentabilidade e risco). Para a realização desse estudo, foram utilizadas quatro diferentes medidas para avaliar a política de dividendos das empresas, relacionadas com as decisões de pagar ou não dividendos, de quanto pagar, de iniciar ou não o pagamento e de aumentar o valor pago. Foram utilizados dois métodos estatísticos: painel de dados com efeito fixo e regressão com o modelo LOGIT para variável binária. A amostra de empresas envolveu as listadas na BOVESPA e os dados considerados englobaram o período de 2000 a 2009. Os resultados mostram que a rentabilidade das empresas é o determinante mais relevante, apontando que empresas mais rentáveis pagam mais dividendos. A relação market-to-book mostrou-se um determinante significativo na determinação do montante de dividentos pagos, estando relacionado mais à rentabilidade da empresa do que ao potencial de crescimento, uma vez que esta relação pode assumir este duplo significado. O risco é relevante, e negativamente relacionado, para a decisão das empresas de pagar ou não dividendos. Por outro lado, não foi encontrado suporte para a teoria de sinalização de dividendos.

Cette thèse est constituée de trois essais visant à comprendre dans quelles mesures la performance sociale des entreprises exerce une influence sur leurs politiques financières.Nous souhaitons ainsi contribuer à la littérature portant sur les conséquences sur les marchés financiers de l’engagement RSE des entreprises. Puisque les décisions financières sont affectées par les problèmes d’agences, ou ont un impact sur eux, nous soutenons que l’analyse de l’effet de la performance sociale des entreprises sur leurs décisions financières est une piste de travail intéressante pour comprendre si une performance sociale élevée est compatible avec la maximisation de la richesse des actionnaires. Ainsi, dans notre premier essai, nous étudions l’impact de la performance sociale sur la valeur des actifs liquides. Nous montrons que les investisseurs attribuent une valeur supérieure aux disponibilités détenues par des entreprises ayant une performance sociale élevée. Ce résultat est cohérent avec l’idée selon laquelle une performance sociale élevée conduit à une utilisation efficace de la trésorerie. En outre, nous exposons que l’impact positif de la performance sociale sur la valeur des actifs liquides n’est observé que pour des entreprises se situant dans des pays dans lesquels la protection des investisseurs est élevée. Ainsi, nous soulignons que la qualité des institutions joue un rôle important dans la relation entre la performance sociale et la valeur de marché des entreprises.Dans un second essai, nous étudions l’influence de la performance sociale sur la politique de dividendes. Dans un contexte international, nous révélons que les entreprises socialement responsables ont plus tendance à verser des dividendes que les autres et à payer des dividendes plus élevés. Cet essai semble montrer que la politique de dividendes est un moyen de résoudre les problèmes d’agence potentiels associés aux politiques de RSE. En ce sens,nous observons que la relation positive entre performance sociale et niveau de dividendes est vraie seulement lorsque la qualité de la gouvernance est élevée. Enfin, notre troisième essai se penche sur l’impact de la performance sociale à la fois sur la structure financière, sur le choix de la source de financement et sur la taille des émissions d’actions. Nous montrons que la performance sociale a un impact négatif sur le niveau d’endettement. Nous observons également que les entreprises socialement responsables émettent des actions plus souvent que les autres. De plus, en se basant sur la littérature montrant un effet négatif de la performance sociale sur l’asymétrie d’information, nous soulignons que les entreprises socialement responsables émettent de plus gros volumes d’actions. Nous révélons également que ces entreprises sont moins sensibles aux conditions de marché lorsqu’elles décident d’avoir recours à l’émission d’actions. En définitive, nos résultats suggèrent que la performance sociale est un déterminant significatif des politiques financières des entreprises et que les entreprises semblent prendre en compte les conséquences financières de leurs politiques de RSE dans leurs prises de décisions financières. / This thesis consists of three essays investigating the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance on several firms’ financial decisions. We aim to contribute to the growing literature on the capital market consequences of CSR activities. Since many financial decisions affect or are affected by agency problems, we argue that analysis of the impact of CSR commitment on firms’ financial policies is an interesting way to observe whether and how high CSR performance and shareholder wealth maximization are compatible.Thus, in our first essay, we study the impact of CSR performance on the value of cash holdings. We find that investors assign a higher value to cash held by high CSR firms. This result is consistent with the idea that investors expect that high CSR performance leads to an efficient use of cash holdings. In addition, we show that the positive impact of CSR performance on the value of cash holdings is observed only for firms operating in countries with high investor protection. Hence, we underline that country-level governance seems to shape the relationship between CSR performance and market value. In the second essay, we investigate the influence of CSR performance on dividend policies. In an international context,we reveal that high CSR firms are more likely to pay dividends, and to pay larger dividends.This essay provides evidence that dividend policy is a means to reduce potential agency problems related to CSR activities. In this way, we also show that the positive relationship between CSR performance and dividend payout is observed only when corporate governance is effective. Finally, our third essay investigates the impact of CSR performance on capital structure, debt-equity choice and the size of equity issuances. We find that CSR performance is negatively related to leverage. We also highlight that high CSR firms issue equity instead of debt more frequently. Moreover, consistent with recent papers that show a negative effect of CSR performance on information asymmetry, we highlight that high CSR firms issue larger amounts of equity than other firms. We also show that these firms are less dependent on market conditions for their equity issuances. Overall, our results suggest that CSR performance is a significant determinant of firms’ financial policies, and that firms seem to take the financial consequences of their CSR policies into account in their financial decisions.

本文以2000~2009台灣地區不含金融證券業之上市公司為樣本，資料來源為台灣經濟新報社資料庫(Taiwan Economic Journal)，研究主題為探討多角化與股利發放政策之關聯性，同時也檢測多角化程度愈高而經營績效較差或盈餘品質較差的企業與股利發放政策之關係，實證研究的結果顯示，多角化程度會影響股利發放政策，而多角化與股利發放政策呈現顯著負相關，企業多角化程度愈高，股利支付率較低、較不會發放股利及較不會增加發放股利，而這些現象主要是集中在經營績效較差或盈餘品質較差的企業。 / Based on a sample of firms listed in Taiwan during 2000-2009, this study investigates the relationship between firm diversification and dividend policy and the extent to which firm performance and earnings quality affect diversified companies in making dividend policy decisions. The empirical results show that firms with greater diversification are less likely to pay dividends, pay lower dividend yields, and are less likely to increase dividends. I also find that such evidence is more pronounced among poor financial performance and lower earnings quality firms.

各國的股票市場無不以流動性、活絡性為主要發展目標，然在我國目前法令規範，上市櫃公司面額固定且須為十元，可能與此目標背道而馳。本文即從法律的角度探討股票之票面金額股制度存在之必要性，並以實證分析探討面額制度對股票流通性暨股利政策之影響。綜合相關文獻探討與本文實證研究分析，上市櫃公司面額固定且須為十元之規定並不利於高價股之流通，且票面金額股制對於目前政府推行海外企業來台上市之政策亦有所影響，而考量現存制度之潛在缺失且在我國證券市場發展愈趨成熟之際，或可引入無面額股票制度，在相關配套措施輔助下，無面額股票制度之推行，除能活絡股票之流通性外，且能促使公司自主的採行健全之股利政策，並有益於吸引海外企業來台上市，對台灣證券市場之國際化不啻是一種幫助。 / This research focuses on the par value stock system, and examines the par value system in Taiwan to see the influence on the liquidity of stock shares and the corporation’s dividend policy. Evidence reveals that the par value of stock certificates with par value of NT $10 has a negative impact on liquidity. Besides, current policy, listing in Taiwan by foreign issuers, is hard to be implemented smoothly because of the par value stock system. Considering the potential weakness of the existing system, perhaps we can adopt no par value stock and other alternatives. After we adopt the new system, we not only improve the liquidity of stock shares, but also encourage enterprises to adopt healthy dividend policy on their own way. Moreover, it’ll upgrade both the internationalization and competitiveness of Taiwan’s capital market.

<p>Dividend policy has significant impact on the company's capital market, in particular the dynamics of the price of its shares. Dividends represent cash income of shareholders and to some extent, signal them about success of the firm they have invested. From that point of view dividend policy has crucial impact on investment decisions.</p><p>Numbers of valuation models based on dividend payouts exist in the financial theory and they imply importance of dividends in making investment decisions. Alternatively some authors argue that role of the dividends is overestimated, as investors do not separate dividends and capital earnings. I believe that dividend policy has broad influence not only on share valuation, but also on capital structure of the company and its stock market liquidity.</p><p>Study intended to discover if dividend payouts and future earnings can be predicted based on stock market liquidity and capital structure. I have analysed 72 companies associated with Nordic information technologies market and tried to find main characteristics of dividend policy adopted in those companies. I have divided my research question into three parts and studied hypotheses which are associated with the research question.</p><p>I found relationship of dividend policies with future earnings growth power, firm capital structure and market liquidity. As a result of my study I have observed financial statements data and obtained the following outcome: (1) with stable dividend policy, payout ratio is positively related to the future earnings growth rate (2) companies that have less liquid stock markets are more likely to pay dividends (3) companies with low leverage ratios have more probability of paying dividends. Also I have found that historically low payout ratio is harbinger of low or even negative earnings growth rates.</p><p>I believe that based on findings mentioned above, effective investment policy could be created. For the investor who favours to invest in company with high earnings growth perspectives and receive high dividends in the future, results of the study could be interesting. According to the results of the research, for “dividend preferring” investor, funds should be invested in the company with constantly high payout ratio, low stock market liquidity and debt-to-equity ratio below 1. In that case the probability of meeting investment expectations would be much higher.</p>