Orientador: Paulo Correa Lima / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T00:54:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Georgetti_AlexandreDavini_M.pdf: 6623205 bytes, checksum: 01f3871dec1b0234ec8faeeeeb8ff9e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Este trabalho objetiva apresentar a estratégia de implementação de um sistema de produção puxada ao longo de toda a cadeia produtiva de um Ambiente de Manufatura com diversidade de componentes, restrições de fluxo e necessidade de envio de produtos na forma de kits. Com esse propósito, aplica-se a metodologia da pesquisa aplicada e da pesquisa ação, uma vez que os resultados dos estudos realizados são utilizados na solução de uma situação prática ao mesmo tempo em que o tema central do trabalho é investigado. Utiliza-se dessa forma os conceitos de um Sistema Kanban de diversas maneiras: Kanban eletrônico, cartões Kanban, Kanban visual na restrição de fluxo e Kanban de duas gavetas com cliente. Na busca da melhoria contínua do sistema implementado, apresenta-se o link do Kanban com a busca pela redução do tempo de setup e mostra-se, a criação de um sistema de informação gerencial para a reportagem do status desse Sistema de Manufatura; o qual tem o objetivo de sina1i7~T à alta administração desse Ambiente Manufatura a situação do mesmo, sem que para isso seja necessário percorrer todos os quadros Kanban implementados. Por fim, apresenta-se os resultados obtidos / Abstract: The purpose of this work is to show the impIementation strategy of a pulI system through the whoIe manufacturing process of a Manufacturing environment with components diversity, flow constraints and requirements to delivery products in a suppIy kit concept. With this purpose, the methodoIogy used can be classified as applied and action research since the results of the experiments done are used in the soIution of a real situation at the same time the main theme of this work is investigated. In order to achieve this, the Kanban concepts are used in different maners: eIectric Kanban, Kanban cards, visual Kanban at the major flow constraint and withdrawn Kanban with customer. Looking for a continuous improvement of the implemented Kanban system, one maner to Iink the Kanban system with a setup reduction strategy is shown; and a managerial information system to report the status of this Manufacturing Environment is created, which has the objective of reporting to the senior managers of thisEnvironment its status, without needing them to go over alI the Kanban boards impIemented. Finally, the results gotten are shown / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

The purpose of the research is to study the relationship between international drug interdiction policies and domestic politics in fragile democracies, and to demonstrate how international drug control policies and the use of force fit the rhetoric of war, are legitimized by the principles of a just war, but may also cause collateral damage and negative unintended consequences. The method used is a case study of the Dominican Republic. The research has found that international drug control regimes, primarily led by the U.S. and narrowly focused on interdiction, have influenced an increasingly militarized approach to domestic law enforcement in the Dominican Republic. The collateral damage caused by militarized enforcement comes in the form of negative perceptions of citizen security, loss of respect for the rule of law and due process, and low levels of civil society development. The drug war has exposed the need for significant reform of the institutions charged with carrying out enforcement, the police force and the judicial system in particular. The dissertation concludes that the extent of drug trafficking in the Dominican Republic is beyond the scope of domestic reform efforts alone, but that the programs implemented do show some potential for future success. The dissertation also concludes that the framework of warfare is not the most appropriate for the international problems of drug traffic and abuse. A broader, multipronged approach should be considered by world policy makers in order to address all conditions that allow drugs to flourish without infringing upon democratic and civil rights in the process.

Orientador : Mauricio Tragtenberg / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / O exemplar da FE pertence a Coleção Mauricio Tragtenberg (FE-MT) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T21:11:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Shiroma_EneidaOto_D.pdf: 10614226 bytes, checksum: 47a13333ec6f7a1b8e4c6fd24a516166 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Resumo: Este trabalho sobre o Modelo Japonês estuda uso de novos equipamentos e das inovações especialmente JIT/TQC- sobre a qualificação trabalhadores. As implicações do organizacionais, e controle dos trabalhadores. Trata da substituição dos métodos tayloristas/fordistas por formas de organização mais flexíveis, que demandam não só máquinas de múltiplos propósitos mas também trabalhadores polivalentes, mais responsáveis e criativos. Com o modelo japonês, a qualificação volta ao centro dos debates, agora como fator de produção. Constatando que o Japão conta com uma mao-de-obra altamente qualificada e disciplinada, investigamos as origens desta disciplina passando pela educação realizada pela escola, família, religiões. Veri ficamos que cooperação e consenso não são características de todas as firmas japonesas, mas apenas das grandes. Dedicamo-nos, então à análise das estratégias de controle embutidas nas políticas de gestão da mão-de-obra das gandes empresas e. verificamos que controle sobre o trabalho, que no taylorismo fundamentava-se na desqualificação, no modelo japonês vai se centrar justamente no processo de qualificação. Por fim, tratamos da implantaçao de técnicas japonesas em firmas brasileiras, analisando a conjuntura, os objetivos das empresas e as reações de trabalhadores , gerentes e sindicatos, efei tos sobre a qualificação do trabalhador, sobre o emprego e a segmentação dos trabalhadores, questionando os aspectos ideológicos do modelo japonês e apontando algumas perspectivas para o movimento sindical brasileiro / Doutorado / Administração e Supervisão Educacional / Doutor em Educação

Orientador : Juarez Brandão Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T21:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rachid_Alessandra_M.pdf: 7466513 bytes, checksum: fcbcde7e9182021af4f8783fc5ab5991 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: O objetivo desta trabalho é analisar a introdução de métodos organizacionais do "modelo japonês", especialmente os métodos de controle da qualidade, em três empresas de autopeças em São Paulo. A construção desse modelo começou no Japão pós-guerra, através da adaptação de tecnologias norte-americanas e européias às condições do país, processo liderado pela indústria automobilística. Os métodos do modelo baseiam-se em formas mais flexíveis de produção, que levam a uma maior divisão de responsabilidades entre todos os funcionários. Destaca-se no modelo a importância da qualidade, cuja ênfase volta-se à técnicas de caráter preventivo. A partir da década de 80, empresas de países ocidentais passaram a adotar técnicas do modelo em períodos bastante próximos, como no caso das três empresas estudadas. Inicialmente a introdução dos novos métodos se dá de forma isolada, como no caso do Círculo de Controle da Qualidade, mas estes não se adequaram à organização taylorista, baseada em grande especialização de departamentos e funções, existente nas empresas ocidentais. No final dos anos 80 e início dos 90 empresas mais empenhadas no processo de inovação desenvolveram um processo de aprendizado através de diferentes métodos do modelo (como o Controle Estatístico do Processo, o Just in Time, as células de fabricação e outros), e percebem a necessidade de implantar o modelo de forma mais global. Nas três empresas estudadas, assim como em muitas outras, essa percepção leva à adoção do Total Quality Control, que implica em mudanças mais abrangentes. Por exemplo a reorganização da estrutura das próprias empresas e das estruturas de cargos e salários visando diminiuir a alta especialização. Observa-se também grandes mudanças nas áreas de treinamento e aumento dos investimentos visando superar as deficiências na formação da mão-de-obra, o que só apresenta resul tados a longo prazo e se houver um esforço continuado neste sentido / Abstract: The object of this work is to analyse the incorporation of japanese organizational methods, mainly quality control methods, in three auto-part companies in the state of São Paulo. These methods were developed in post-war Japan by adaptating North American and European technologies to Japanese conditions, mainly in the automobile industry. They are based in more flexible forms of production which lead to a broader division of responsibility between alI employees. Quality becomes _ore important and emphasizes its preventive approach. From the beginning of the 80's western countries begun to adopt these techniques at almost the same time, like in the three studied companies. Initially these new methods were introduced separately, as in the case of Quality Circles, but they were not adequate for taylorist organization from western countries which have been strongly based in highly specialized departments and jobs. At the end of the 80' s and the beginning of the 90' s some companies who have worked wi th others methods (e. 9 . statistical process control, just in time, manufacturing cells and others) realized it would be necessary to introduce these methods as a whole. In the three studied companies, like in many others, this realization led to use of Total Quality Control techniques and, as a consequence, to greater changes in their organization. Companies begin then to reorganize their own structures and their job and wage systems to break down high specialization. Additionally, these companies modify their training areas and increase investments to overcome labour force skill deficiencies, which takes a long time and requires a continous and strong effort / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Läsaren till denna studie får ta del av en undersökning där byggföretaget, Peab, och samarbetspartnern inom logistik, Speed, står i fokus. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka hur planeringen av bygglogistik, med fokus på materialanskaffningsprocessen, ser ut där tredjepartslogistik används och om potentiella förbättringsåtgärder kan genomföras för att minska slöserier. Detta har genomförts med en fallstudie hos Peab och Speed på projektet Södra Älvsborgs sjukhus. För att möjliggöra studien gjordes en avgränsning där det som sker mellan ett byggföretag och en tredjepartslogistiker från avrop till leverans har undersökts. Intervjuer och observationer på Peab och Speed har gjorts för att få en tydlig bild om hur materialanskaffningsprocessen fungerar samt hur inblandade aktörer upplever den. Intervjufrågorna baserades på frågeställningen och syftet med studien. Efter att intervjuer hade genomförts och transkriberats lades en grund för att kunna skriva resultat och vidare analysera det med utgångspunkt från teorin. Resultatet och analysen lade tillsammans grunden för att vidare kunna föra en diskussion om hur resultatet och analysen såg ut. Denna studie är skriven på svenska och har utgått ifrån en kvalitativ metod med fallstudie som tillvägagångssätt där egna observationer gjorts samt intervjuer. Studien gynnar den läsare som vill ta del av eventuella förbättringsåtgärder som kan göras i planeringen för materialanskaffningsprocessen. / Readers of this study will take part of an examination in which the construction company PEABs logistical collaboration with Speed Logistics is in focus. The purpose of this study was to investigate planning in construction logistics where a third-party logistics is used, with a focus of the material procurement process and wether there could be potential improvements to reduce waste. Interviews and observations at Peab and Speed have been made, in order to get a clear picture of how the material procurement process works and how the actors involved experience it. The interview questions were based on the research question and the purpose of the study. After the interviews had been conducted and transcribed, a basis was laid for being able to write results and further analyze it based on the theory. The result and the analysis together laid the foundation for further discussion of what the result and the analysis turned out. This study is written in Swedish and has been based on a qualitative method with case study as a method where interviews and own observations were made. The study benefits readers who want to take part in any improvement measures that can be made in planning for the material procurement process.

The thesis critically assesses the decision-making process leading up to the acceptance of bill B 118 which approved Danish military action in the American-led multilateral coalition ‘Operation Iraqi Freedom’. The analysis will use coding through a qualitative content analysis to investigate the potential use and abuse of human rights framework by decision-makers, during this process. Theories of just war, activist military politics and the decision-making theory of perception and misperception are used to provide the foundation for the content analysis, as well as positioning the results in the context of the wider political sphere. Though the nature of the investigation does not allow for absolute conclusions, the findings demonstrated how human rights were indeed used as a tool of both persuasion in the hunt for support and as a means to legitimise actions.

Byggbranschen kämpar med att kontinuerligt pressa byggtider och kostnader för ett alltsnabbare och effektivare byggprojekt för kunds räkning. Materialkostnaden utgör mellan 50–70 procent av det totala projektet. Därav är det högst relevant att se över tillvägagångssätt föratt minimera materialspill genom materialplanering och materialhantering, för att minskakostnader, eliminera icke värdeskapande produktionsprocesser och samtidigt värna om miljön. Detta kan göras genom bland annat metoder Lean construction, Just in time ochMaterialmanagement. Studien är baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer med två företag som är verksamma i byggbranschen men som skiljer sig från varandra. Det ena företaget är ett byggföretag och det andra är ett konsultföretag som hjälper byggföretag med bland annateffektiviseringar av olika slag. Intervjuerna från båda företagen ligger fokusen på materialflödes process från planering och beställning till användning av material. Det framgåräven utmaningar angående materialplanering och materialhantering inom byggprojekt. Viktenav kommunikation för att effektivisera planering och hantering av material är stor för att kunnareducera materialspill samt icke värdeökande processer. För att underlätta kommunikationenkan digitala system och verktyg såsom RFID-taggar för leveransspårning användas. Det kanresultera i ökad produktivitet och minska den totala projektkostnaden. / The construction industry is under constant pressure for efficiency. Building times are expected to be faster and simultaneously more cost-efficient to meet the customer’s requirements. Material-costs range between 50-70 percent of the total construction project expenses. In order to suppress these costs, it is essential to minimize material waste through planning and material management, this can be done by eliminating non-value-based production processes which result in safeguarding the environment and reducing the material-costs. The main theories used in this thesis are therefore: Lean construction, Just in time and Material-management. The study is based on semi-constructed interviews with two construction businesses, one company is active within construction, and the other is a consultant firm who is active in coaching, costefficiency and material management. The interviews focus on the process of material-flow, starting from planning to purchasing and ultimately applying the material. The interviews highlight the challenges of material planning and material management within construction projects, but also, the importance of communication to gain maximum planning effectiveness and managing the material in order to reduce material-waste and non-value-based production processes. Digital systems are used to amplify communication and tools such as RFID-tags are used to track supply deliveries. This could potentially result in increased productivity and a reduction of the total project costs.

The assigned thesis is focused on the proposal of rationalization solutions to the component Bonnet, which is a standard representative of the most important sections of broader spectrum of customer´s components. The introduction part describes the component basis, according to which the standard representative was chosen, later on characterised from the point of view of seriality. The following large part of classfying the time comsumption in machinery is essential for the calculations as such, which are the essential part of this dissertation. The proposal of production rationalization is concerned with the exclusion of unnecessary losses and using existing ressources with the help of a higher level of machinery, technology, work organisation, production and management, which lead to a higher labour productivity. The technological production preparation ensures the documentation processing, the proposal of semi-finished product, machines, fastening, measuring and calculation of necessary technological specifications for ensuring the production. In the final part, there is to be found the technical and economical evaluation of rationalization proposals, which numerically evaluates the analysed outputs of this thesis.

All production companies strive for efficiency, which means that you want to achieve a certain quality with the least possible use of resources. The construction industry is facing an exciting future where production strives to develop in line with lean production. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate how a construction company work with their material management at a construction site and to study what challenges and opportunities the company come across in the application of just-in-time deliveries. Method: This is a qualitative case study where data were collected via literature, interviews and observations. Observations were made at the construction site on three occasions to collect more data that strengthens the validity of the results. Lean production, lean construction and just-in-time is chosen as the degree project theoretical frame of reference that is compared in relation to the study's empirical data. Findings: In this study, it appears that the construction company experiences certain problems with the side contractor and that the pandemic has played its role in the production flow. The company sees opportunities with just-in-time deliveries to avoid unnecessary material handling, while it also happens that missed deliveries create unnecessary costs and that just-in-time can be risky to use if complications arise with the deliveries. Limitations: The research is limited to a medium-sized a construction company with a turnover of approximately SEK 600 million / year and is limited to material handling and just-in-time deliveries. Interviews were conducted with the site manager and two supervisors. / All produktion strävar efter effektivitet vilket innebär att man vill uppnå en viss kvalitet med minsta möjliga resursanvändning. Byggbranschen står inför en spännande framtid där produktionen strävar efter att utvecklas i linje med lean production. Syftet: Syftet med examensarbetet är undersöka hur ett byggföretag arbetar med sin materialhantering på en byggarbetsplats samt studera vilka utmaningar och möjligheter företaget möter vid en tillämpning av just-in-time leveranser. Metod: Detta är en kvalitativ fallstudie där data samlats in via litteraturer, intervjuer och observationer. Observationer gjordes på byggarbetsplatsen vid tre tillfällen för att samla in mer data som stärker resultatets validitet. Lean production, lean construction och jus-in-time har valt som examenarbetet teoretiska referensram som jämförs i relation till studiens empiriska data. Resultat: I denna studie framkommer att byggföretaget upplever viss problematik med sidoentreprenören och att pandemin har spelat sin roll i produktionsflödet. Företaget ser möjligheter med just-in-time leveranser för att undvika onödig materialhantering samtidigt som det även förekommer att uteblivna leveranser skapar onödiga kostnader och att just-in-time kan vara riskabelt att använda om det uppstår komplikationer med leveranserna. Begränsningar: Arbetet är begränsat till ett medelstort byggföretag som omsätter ca 600 Milj/år och avgränsat till materialhantering och just-in-time leveranser. Intervjuer gjorde med platschefen och två arbetsledare.

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