Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-03T21:28:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeideDayanaPereiraDeFreitasCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 2296966 bytes, checksum: 6da5734ad8ba87eb9138e23f5de0b9d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-07T23:06:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LeideDayanaPereiraDeFreitasCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 2296966 bytes, checksum: 6da5734ad8ba87eb9138e23f5de0b9d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-07T23:06:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeideDayanaPereiraDeFreitasCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 2296966 bytes, checksum: 6da5734ad8ba87eb9138e23f5de0b9d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-15 / O objeto de estudo desta disserta??o, trata acerca da forma??o inicial docente de graduandas dos cursos de Pedagogia enquanto estagi?rias, no contexto do est?gio n?o obrigat?rio em uma institui??o de Educa??o Infantil p?blica, no munic?pio de Parnamirim, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. As motiva??es que justificam esta pesquisa partem da minha experi?ncia formativa inicial enquanto estagi?ria no contexto do est?gio n?o obrigat?rio; da viv?ncia atual como professora da educa??o infantil que recebe estagi?rias dos cursos de Pedagogia na modalidade do est?gio n?o obrigat?rio e da verifica??o quanto ? escassez, na ?rea da educa??o, de pesquisas sobre o objeto em quest?o. Ante ao exposto, defini como objetivo investigar de que maneira o est?gio n?o obrigat?rio contribui no percurso formativo inicial docente de graduandas dos cursos de Pedagogia, que atuam na etapa da Educa??o Infantil. Destaco que a disserta??o ? tecida atrav?s da met?fora da pintura. Como referencial oriento-me nas ideias de Freire (1996, 2015), Ramalho, N??ez e Gauthier (2004) e Imbern?n (2009), dentre demais estudiosos, para examinar as quest?es sobre forma??o; nos escritos de Pimenta (2012; 2014) e Zabalza (2014) acerca do est?gio e ao que Oliveira-Formosinho e Kishimoto (2002), Oliveira (2010) e Kramer (2011) e distintos estudiosos abordam sobre a doc?ncia na Educa??o Infantil. Elegi os seguintes documentos para consulta e an?lise: a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educa??o (BRASIL, 1996), as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de Pedagogia (BRASIL, 2006), a Lei n? 11.788 (BRASIL, 2008) ou Lei do Est?gio no Brasil (como ? comumente chamada) e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a forma??o inicial em n?vel superior (cursos de licenciatura, cursos de forma??o pedag?gica para graduados e cursos de segunda licenciatura) e para a forma??o continuada (BRASIL, 2015). Com base na abordagem qualitativa, inspirada na etnografia e sustentada pela metodologia da Entrevista Compreensiva (Kaufmann, 2013), optei por uma pesquisa que adentrasse a realidade investigada, a qual se deu em um Centro Municipal de Educa??o Infantil (CMEI), no munic?pio de Parnamirim/RN, tendo como interlocutoras da pesquisa quatro estagi?rias. Os procedimentos que utilizei forama observa??o no l?cus; a aplica??o de question?rios, constru??o de Di?rio de campo e a realiza??o de entrevistas. Tais procedimentos ocorreram no ano de 2015, mais especificamente, no decorrer do segundo semestre. Algumas das imagens em claro/escuro, a partir dos dados constru?dos, dizem respeito ? rela??o complexa entre o agir e o observar na pr?tica das estagi?rias; ao papel social ocupado pelas estagi?rias da modalidade do est?gio n?o obrigat?rio; as rela??es de poder existentes entre as estagi?rias e as professoras, bem como com os demais atores da escola; as diferen?as que demarcam o est?gio curricular e o est?gio n?o obrigat?rio e a aus?ncia de uma coordena??o ou orienta??o por parte das institui??es de ensino no est?gio n?o obrigat?rio. Ainda, nos discursos apreendidos durante as entrevistas percebi que para as estagi?rias existe uma vis?o, em face dos elementos que comp?em o ser professora na Educa??o Infantil, os quais ultrapassam os conhecimentos acad?micos e que contemplam de maneira significativa as suas experi?ncias de vida. / The research subjectof this dissertation deals with the initial teacher training of undergraduate courses in Pedagogy as intern, in the context of the non-compulsory internship at public elementary school, in Parnamirim township, in Rio Grande do Nortestate. The motivations which justify this research from my initial formative experience as anintern in the context of the non-compulsory internship; from current experience as ankindergarten teacherthat receives Pedagogy courses? interns in the modality of the non-compulsory internship, and verification of the shortage, in the field of education, of research on the subject in question. All things considered, I set to investigate how non-compulsory internship contributes to initial teacher training course for graduation students of Pedagogy, who works in the stage of elementary school.I emphasize that the dissertation is woven through the metaphor of painting.As a reference, I focus on ideas of Freire (1996, 2015), Ramalho, N??ez and Gauthier (2004) and Imbern?n (2009), among other scholars, to examine the training matters; in the writings of Pimenta (2012; 2014) and Zabalza (2014) about the internship and what Oliveira-Formosinho and Kishimoto (2002), Oliveira (2010) and Kramer (2011) and different scholars deal with teaching in elementary school.I have chosen the following documents for consultation and analysis: the Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educa??o (BRASIL, 1996), the Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais for Pedagogy courses (BRASIL, 2006), the Lei n? 11.788 (BRASIL, 2008) or Lei do Est?gio no Brasil (as it is commonly called) and the Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais for initial training on the higher education(degree courses, pedagogic training courses for newly graduated and second degree courses) and for continuing education (BRASIL, 2015).Based on the qualitative approach, inspired by ethnography and supported by the Comprehensive Interview (Kaufmann, 2013), I went for a research that penetrated the reality investigated, which happened at Centro Municipal de Educa??o Infantil (CMEI), In the municipality of Parnamirim/RN, having as interlocutors of the research four interns.The procedures I used were observation in l?cus; the application of questionnaires, construction of field diary and interviews.These procedures occurred in 2015, more specifically, during the second semester.Some of the light/ dark pictures, based on the constructed data, relate to the complex relationship between acting and observation in the interns? practice; to the social role occupied by interns of the non-compulsory internship modality; the power relations existing between the interns and the teachers, as well as with the other school?s protagonists; the differences delimit the curricular internship and the non-compulsory internship and the absence of coordination or orientation by educational institutionsin non-compulsory internship. Yet, in the speeches apprehended during the interviews I have realized that for the intern there is a point of view, in the face of the elements that make up being a kindergarten teacher, which surpass academic knowledge and that significantly contemplate their life experiences.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-03T13:55:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabellaCeciliaReisSoaresDeMaria_DISSERT.pdf: 1292971 bytes, checksum: 686f7f8e13122a503152282e87f762d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-10T10:59:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabellaCeciliaReisSoaresDeMaria_DISSERT.pdf: 1292971 bytes, checksum: 686f7f8e13122a503152282e87f762d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T10:59:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabellaCeciliaReisSoaresDeMaria_DISSERT.pdf: 1292971 bytes, checksum: 686f7f8e13122a503152282e87f762d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / Estamos, h? mais de uma d?cada (2016), vivendo num novo mil?nio que nos traz aceleradas mudan?as sociais, pol?ticas, tecnol?gicas, entre outras. Tais mudan?as perpassam as sociedades contempor?neas de um mundo globalizado. No ?mbito da educa??o, muitas expectativas s?o postas no sistema educacional. Nesse cen?rio, a forma??o e o exerc?cio da doc?ncia se torna uma tarefa cada vez mais complexa e necess?ria para redefinir o papel da educa??o numa sociedade chamada do conhecimento. Aprender a ser professor e tornar-se professor, nesse mil?nio, requer aprofundar a compreens?o a respeito dessa ?rea, t?o estrat?gica, que envolve os sistemas de ensino, a escola e seus professores. O per?odo de inser??o dos professores na carreira docente, em especial na rede p?blica, tem se revelado como uma etapa complexa por esta quest?o estar na g?nese do processo de algu?m aprender a ser professor. Esses primeiros anos s?o considerados prof?cuos para o desenvolvimento dos professores como pode ser conferido nos argumentos dos pesquisadores que se apoiam no referencial da profissionaliza??o do trabalho docente, tendo como representantes: Marcelo Garcia (1999), Gauthier (1998); Ramalho, Nu?ez e Gauthier (2004); Cortez (2003), N?voa (1997), Garc?a (1999), Day (2001), Hubermam (1995), Veeman (1984), Can?rio (2001) entre outros. O presente estudo, apoiado nos nos autores acima citados, tem como objetivo investigar a inser??o e o desenvolvimento de professores no sistema de ensino do RN, cujo foco s?o os tr?s anos do per?odo probat?rio, regulado pela Lei 322/2006. Envolveu professores que estavam estreando na doc?ncia e outros que, tendo experi?ncias de sala de aula de outros contextos, eram iniciantes na rede estadual de ensino. Para tanto, buscamos tra?ar o perfil s?cio demogr?fico desses professores; identificar as percep??es e viv?ncias que marcaram o ingresso deles na rede, as principais a??es desenvolvidas, a repercuss?o das mesmas e aspectos que foram conformando o desenvolvimento profissional. Ap?s a defini??o de uma amostra estat?stica, a pesquisa selecionou 84 professores aprovados no concurso realizado em 2011 para o cargo de professor das s?ries iniciais, convocados e nomeados em 2012 e lotados na 1? Dired (Natal). ? luz de procedimentos explorat?rios e descritivos, analisamos um conjunto de dados apoiados nas abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa da pesquisa em educa??o. Para recolha das informa??es utilizamos question?rio com perguntas fechadas e abertas. Os dados coletados foram sistematizados com o aux?lio do Software Modalisa (vers?o 6.0) e para a an?lise destes recorremos ? An?lise de Conte?do (BARDIN, 1977) e aos recursos da estat?stica descritiva. Os resultados evidenciam que, diferentemente do que ? revelado em outros estudos, o ingresso dos docentes nas escolas da rede estadual n?o foi t?o traum?tico. Foi marcado por sentimentos muito mais positivos que negativos, tendo proporcionado a eles descobertas e aprendizagens, al?m de importante protagonismo dos docentes nas atividades que deveriam estar sendo assumidas, formalmente, pela SEEC e compartilhada com as escolas e respectivas inst?ncias de gest?o. / We are more than a decade (2016) living in a new millennium brings us rapid social, political, technological changes, among others. Such changes pervade contemporary societies in a globalized world. In education, high expectations are placed on the educational system. In this scenario, the teaching exercise becomes an increasingly complex and necessary task to redefine the role of education in a society called knowledge. Learning to be a teacher and become a teacher, in this millennium, it requires a deeper understanding about this as strategic area that involves the education systems, the school and its teachers. The insertion period of teachers in the teaching profession, particularly in public has been revealed as a complex step to be concerned the process of learning to be a teacher. These early years are considered profitable for the development of teachers. As can be seen in the arguments of researchers who are supported in the framework of the professionalization of teachers having as representative: Marcelo Garcia (1999), Gauthier (1998); Ramalho, Nu?ez and Gauthier (2004); Cortez (2003), Novoa (1997), Garcia (1999), Day (2001), Hubermam (1995), Veeman (1984) Canary (2001) among others. The present study aims to investigate the integration and development of teachers in the education system of the newborn, whose focus on tr?sanos the probationary period, regulated by Complementary Law No. 322 of 11/01/2006. Involved teachers who were debuting in teaching and others, and classroom experiences from other contexts were beginners in state schools. Therefore, we seek to profile demographic partner of these teachers; identify the perceptions and experiences that have marked their entry into the network, the main actions developed, the impact thereof and aspects that were shaping professional development. After the definition of a statistical sample, the survey selected 84 teachers passed the competition held in 2011 for the post of professor of early grades, called and named in 2012, crowded the 1st Dired. In light of exploratory and descriptive procedures , we analyze a set of data supported the qualitative and quantitative approaches to research in education . To collect the information used a questionnaire with closed and open questions. The data collected were organized with the help of Software Modalisa (6.0 ) and for the analysis of these supported the resort to content analysis ( Bardin, 1977) and descriptive statistics . The results show that , contrary to what is revealed in other studies , the entry of teachers in the state public schools was not as traumatic. It was marked by much more positive feelings than negative , having provided the findings and learning teachers , and their important role in the activities that should be being shared with instances of SEEC and school management.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T15:11:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MaristelaLimaBorgesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 1248129 bytes, checksum: e87b5d1eb63177806918493ffe44b92f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-14T15:15:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MaristelaLimaBorgesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 1248129 bytes, checksum: e87b5d1eb63177806918493ffe44b92f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T15:15:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MaristelaLimaBorgesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 1248129 bytes, checksum: e87b5d1eb63177806918493ffe44b92f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Considerando o bem-estar no trabalho um conceito amplo e multifacetado que diz de um estado mental positivo do trabalhador oriundo da concatena??o de v?nculos que ele estabelece com a organiza??o e com o trabalho realizado, trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, explorat?rio-descritiva, de car?ter transversal e natureza quantitativa. O estudo realizou um diagn?stico para avaliar o bem-estar no trabalho entre docentes Enfermeiros da Educa??o T?cnica Profissional em Sa?de da UFRN. O instrumento utilizado foi o IBET-13 (Invent?rio de Bem-estar no Trabalho), constitu?do por tr?s escalas; vari?veis de satisfa??o no trabalho (ST), envolvimento com o trabalho (ET) e de comprometimento organizacional afetivo (COA). Quanto ao tratamento dos dados, empreendeu-se uma an?lise descritiva comparativa das vari?veis. Para medir a correla??o, entre as vari?veis num?ricas, foi utilizada a Correla??o de Pearson (r), enquanto o teste U de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para comparar as amostras independentes. Os resultados por dimens?es demonstraram um n?vel de percep??o de compromisso e satisfa??o no trabalho dos docentes de 84,21 % e apenas de 5,26 % quanto ao n?vel de envolvimento no trabalho. O comprometimento dos docentes da ESUFRN perfaz uma rela??o ativa com a organiza??o onde o pr?prio colaborador deseja contribuir para sua satisfa??o no ambiente de trabalho. Est? presente a identifica??o dos docentes com a organiza??o refer?ncia para o comprometimento organizacional afetivo. Na percep??o dos docentes h? uma forte liga??o afetiva que se traduz em sentimentos positivos como entusiasmo, orgulho, contentamento, confian?a, apego e dedica??o ao trabalho e ? institui??o. Numa s?ntese, os docentes est?o comprometidos afetivamente com a organiza??o, desejam nela permanecer como membro. Acreditam e comungam das mesmas metas da ESUFRN, intencionam em se esfor?ar pela organiza??o, est?o implicados com o cargo e demonstram lealdade. Conclui-se que apesar da presen?a significativa de sentimentos positivos no ambiente de trabalho dos docentes (compromisso e satisfa??o), uma grande maioria dos docentes n?o est? envolvida com o trabalho. ? preciso compreender as poss?veis causas e o que pode ser feito pela organiza??o para a obten??o de um ambiente de trabalho que possibilite o bem-estar para o sujeito que trabalha. Desta forma, interven??es precisam ser planejadas e implantadas. Os investigadores sugerem novas pesquisas em busca de subs?dios para potencializar, cada vez mais, os v?nculos positivos em rela??o ao trabalho. / Considering well-being at work a broad and multifaceted concept related to a positive mental state of the worker from the concatenation of links that he establishes with the organization and with the work performed, this paper is a field research, exploratory-descriptive, of transversal character and quantitative nature. The study performed diagnosis to evaluate the well-being at work amongst nursing teachers of the Professional Technical Education in Health of UFRN. It was applied to the teachers the IBET-13 (inventory of well-being at work), consisting of three scales: variables of satisfaction at work (ST), involvement with work (ET) and affective organizational commitment (COA). Concerning the processing of the data, a factorial analysis of the variables was performed. To measure the correlation between the numerical variables, the Correlation of Pearson (r) was used, while the U test of Mann-Whitney was used to compare the independent samples. The results by dimensions showed a level of perception of commitment and satisfaction in the work of the teachers of 84.21% and only of 5.26% regarding the level of involvement in the work. The teacher commitment of ESUFRN perfects an active relation with the organization where the collaborators themselves wish to contribute to their satisfaction at work. Identification is of the teachers with the organization that is reference to the affective organizational commitment. In the perception of the teachers there is a strong affective bond that translates into positive feelings such as enthusiasm, pride, contentment, trust, attachment and dedication to work and to the institution. In a synthesis, the teachers are affectively committed to the organization, wish to stay in it as a member, believe and commune of the same goals of ESUFRN, intent to strive for the organization, involved with their position and show loyalty. The conclusion is that despite the significant presence of positive feelings in the teachers' work environment (commitment and satisfaction), a large majority of teachers are not involved in the work. It is necessary to understand the possible causes and what can be done by the organization to obtain a work environment that makes possible the well-being for the subject that works. In this way, interventions need to be planned and implemented. The researchers suggest new rummage in the pursuit for subsidies to increase, more and more, the positive links to work.

In this work, the water obtained from six watersheds in Sergipe State from Brazil was analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopy, dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and UVVis absorbance, to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM). The water sample were collected in the period from may 2009to january 2010. Twenty-three sampling sites distributed in different rivers from watersheds were used for collection. As results, DOC concentrations showed the following variation: from 0.35 to 34.7mg.L-1 in Sergipe river basin; 0.50 to 18.95mg.L-1 in Piauí river basin;0.93 to 56mg.L-1 in São Francisco river basin; 1.1 to 14.85mg.L-1 in Vaza Barris river basin; 1.7 to 11.85mg.L-1 in Japaratuba river Basin and 20.3 to 27.2mg.L-1 in Real River basin. The synchronous fluorescence spectra presented four peaks (I, II, III and IV) with varying intensities, depending on the localization and period sampling. The highest fluorescence intensity occurred in peaks II and III, showing that the origin of DOM is predominantly terrestrial from a lixiviated soil due to superficial runoff in raining period that occurs from may/09 to september/09. From December/09 to January/10, the peaks I and II were predominant due to autochthonous organic matter produced by algal activity and anthropogenic sources, respectively. In Japaratuba, São Francisco, Piauí and Real basins, was observed a linear regression between DOC and absorbance at 254nm, suggesting that the DOM, in these rivers, are predominantly from land source, consisting of humic substances. Though, in Sergipe and Vaza Barris Basins the nonlinearity of the DOC according to the absorbance at 254nm highlights a significative contribution from anthropogenic sources in the DOM of these rivers. The principal component analysis was applied to data from May(rainy season) and December(dry season) of 2009 and separated the samples from the rainy season into three groups while a single cluster was obtained for the dry season. The most important factor to separate the samples was the qualitative characteristics of DOM in the water. The input of organic matter from terrestrial and anthropogenic origin, transported to rivers by rain water was essential for the separation process. / Nesse trabalho foram utilizadas a espectroscopia de fluorescência e as medidas do carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD) e absorvância no UV Vis, para caracterização da matéria orgânica dissolvida (MOD) nas águas das seis bacias hidrográficas do Estado de Sergipe. Foram realizadas quatro campanhas de amostragem no período de maio de 2009 a janeiro de 2010, e em cada campanha foram coletadas amostras em vinte e três sítios de amostragem distribuídos nos diferentes rios das bacias. As concentrações do COD apresentaram a seguinte variação: bacia do rio São Francisco entre 0,93 e 56,00 mg L-1; bacia do rio Sergipe entre 0,35 e 34,70 mg L-1; bacia do rio Japaratuba entre 1,70 e 11,85 mg L-1; bacia do rio Vaza Barris entre 1,10 e 14,85 mg L-1; bacia do rio Piauí entre 0,50 e 18,95 mg L-1e bacia do rio Real entre 20,30 e 27,20 mg L-1. Os espectros de fluorescência sincronizada mostraram a presença de quatro picos (I, II, III e IV), com intensidades variáveis em função da localização e do período de amostragem. Em maio/09 e setembro/09 as maiores intensidade de fluorescência ocorreram nos picos II e III, evidenciando a predominância da MOD de origem terrestre, lixiviada pelo maior escoamento superficial no período chuvoso. Em dezembro/09 e janeiro/10 verificou-se a presença predominante dos picos I e II, associados à matéria orgânica autóctone, produzida pela atividade algal e pelo aporte de fontes antropogênicas, respectivamente. As bacias dos rios Japaratuba, São Francisco, Piauí e Real, apresentaram uma regressão linear entre o COD e a medida da absorvância em 254 nm, sugerindo que nesses rios predominou a MOD de origem terrestre, constituída pelas substâncias húmicas. A não linearidade do COD em função à medida da absorvância em 254 nm, registrada para as bacias do Rio Sergipe e Vaza Barris, evidencia a contribuições significativas de aportes antropogênicos para a MOD nesses rios. A análise de componentes principais aplicada aos dados de maio (período chuvoso) e dezembro (período seco) de 2009, separou as amostras em três grupos no período chuvoso e mostrou um único agrupamento no período seco. As características qualitativas da matéria orgânica dissolvida na água foram as mais importantes na separação das amostras e o aporte de matéria orgânica de origem terrestre e antropogênica, transportada para os rios pelas águas da chuva, foi o fator determinante do processo de separação.

Abstract Chemical treatment is considered best available technology for purification of peat extraction runoff in Finland, due to its capability to remove dissolved organic carbon (DOC), suspended solids and nutrients. However, lack of optimisation and adaptation of this method for purification of diffuse pollution sources, e.g., peat extraction runoff, has led to significant fluctuations in purification efficiency. This thesis evaluated the suitability of commercially available coagulants for the treatment of typically humic water. Inorganic (ferric sulphate, aluminium sulphate and a mixed product) and organic (polyDADMAC, polyamine, chitosan and tannin products) coagulants were studied. Investigations included assessment of required dosage and the influence of process parameters (pollutant concentration, mixing, water pH and temperature) on coagulant performance. In addition, the process conditions in existing treatment systems were examined in field experiments aimed at identifying possible factors affecting purification. Ferric sulphate (FS) was the most effective of the coagulants tested. It produced excellent flocs and achieved higher removal efficiency, particularly for DOC, than the other coagulants. However, the dosage required for FS was significantly higher than for e.g., polyDADMAC and chitosan. Moreover, samples treated with FS displayed high iron concentration and acidic pH. The organic polymers achieved satisfactory results, but further research is needed before they can become viable alternatives to metal salts. The quality of peat extraction runoff water was found to vary significantly. It was also observed that variations in DOC concentration, even for particulate rich samples, controlled coagulant dosage and, consequently, treatment efficiency. For inorganic coagulants, mixing provided during flocculation had a more significant influence on purification than mixing provided during coagulation. This is relevant hence in now existing treatment facilities no mixing is employed during flocculation. Based on the research conducted, suggestions were formulated for process optimisation aimed at reducing variations in purification efficiency, thus increasing the reliability of the method and reducing related environmental impacts. / Tiivistelmä Turvetuotannon valumavesien käsittelyssä yksi parhaista käyttökelpoisistatekniikoista on kemiallinen käsittely, koska se pystyy poistamaan valumavedestä liukoista orgaanista hiiltä (DOC), kiintoainetta ja ravinteita. Tästä huolimatta kemiallisen käsittelyn optimointia ei ole tehty hajakuormitukselle, kuten turvetuotannon valumavesille, minkä seurauksena valumavesien puhdistustuloksissa on suurta vaihtelua. Tässä väitöstyössä tutkittiin markkinoilla saatavilla olevien kemikaalien sopivuutta turvetuotannon humuspitoisille valumavesille. Tutkimuksessa testattiin epäorgaanisia (ferrisulfaatti, alumiinisulfaatti ja näiden sekoitus) ja orgaanisia (polyDADMAC, polyamiini, kitosaani ja tanniinipohjaisia polymeerejä) koagulanttikemikaaleja. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin koagulanttien annostarpeet sekä erilaisten prosessiparametrien (vedenlaatu, sekoittaminen, pH ja lämpötila) vaikutus koagulanttien toimintaan. Laboratoriotutkimusten lisäksi väitöstyö sisälsi kenttämittauksia turvetuotannon valumavesien tyypillisten kemiallisen vesienkäsittelyn prosessiparametrien selvittämiseksi. Tutkituista koagulanteista rautasulfaatti oli tehokkain. Se tuotti hyvin laskeutuvaa flokkia ja poisti parhaiten valumavesien orgaanista ainesta. Rautasulfaatti vaati kuitenkin selkeästi suuremman annostuksen kuin esimerkiksi polyDADMAC ja kitosaani. Lisäksi puhdistettuun veteen jäi paljon rautaa ja vesi oli hapanta. Orgaanisilla kemikaaleilla saavutettiin myös kohtalainen/melko hyvä puhdistustulos, mutta lisää tutkimusta tarvitaan ennen kuin ne voivat olla vaihtoehtona epäorgaanisille kemikaaleille. Turvetuotannon valumaveden laatu vaihteli paljon. Valumaveden orgaanisen aineen määrän vaihtelulla oli suurin vaikutus kemikaalin annostukseen ja puhdistustulokseen. Sekoituksista kemiallisen käsittelyn flokkulaatiovaiheen sekoituksella oli suurempi vaikutus puhdistustulokseen kuin koagulaatiovaiheen sekoituksella. Tutkituilla turvetuotantoalueilla ei kuitenkaan ollut tällä hetkellä riittävää sekoitusta flokkulaatiovaiheessa. Tässä väitöstyössä esitetään parannuksia kemiallisen käsittelyn optimointiin paremman ja vakaamman puhdistustuloksen aikaansaamiseksi humuspitoisille vesille.

Os compostos (coloidais, suspensos e solúveis) presentes na água residual possuem diferentes características físico-químicas e diferentes massas moleculares. Pesquisadores têm se dedicado ao entendimento mais específico da parte solúvel do efluente. O fracionamento das substâncias orgânicas em diferentes classes e diferentes tamanhos é um dos métodos utilizados para a caracterização dos compostos orgânicos da água residual. Acredita-se que este método possa detectar as alterações nos valores residuais dos compostos orgânicos de forma mais precisa que os métodos tradicionais, i.e. DBO e DQO. Sendo assim, e sabendo do crescente uso dos projetos de pós-tratamento dos efluentes de ETE e reúso destes, fica a clara a avaliação da eficiência dos processos de pós-tratamento e a importância da quantificação e caracterização da matéria orgânica residual no efluente pós-tratado. Os objetivos deste projeto de pesquisa foram avaliar a remoção da carga orgânica residual no efluente do tratamento biológico do processo de lodo ativado da ETE Jesus Netto, utilizando diferentes parâmetros de coagulação/floculação utilizando cloreto férrico, sulfato de alumínio e cloreto de polialumínio como coagulantes, e análise de carbono orgânico dissolvido juntamente com a técnica de distribuição da massa molecular para avaliar essa remoção. As análises mostraram uma redução dos compostos orgânicos presentes no efluente secundário, em termos de carbono orgânico dissolvido, da ordem de 45% para o cloreto férrico e 38% para os sais de alumínio. A distribuição da massa molecular também sofreu alterações, notando-se o aumento dos compostos de menor massa molecular e a redução dos compostos de maior massa molecular. Os resultados corroboram com outros estudos realizados com efluentes secundários e águas de abastecimento sobre o impacto dos processos físico-químicos na distribuição da massa molecular. / The compounds (colloidal, suspended and soluble) present in the waste water have different physicochemical characteristics and different molecular masses. Researchers have dedicated themselves to the more specific understanding of the soluble part of the effluent. The fractionation of the organic substances in different classes and different sizes is a method widely used for the characterization of the organic compounds of the residual water. It´s believed that this method can detect changes of organic compounds residual values more accurately than traditional methods, i.e. biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. Therefore, knowing the increasing use of WWTP effluent after post-treatment processes and their reuse, it is clear that the evaluation of the post-treatment efficiency and the importance of the quantification and characterization of the residual organic matter in the post-treated effluent. The objectives of this research project were to evaluate the removal of the residual organic matter in the effluent from the biological treatment of the activated sludge process of the Jesus Netto WWTP using different coagulation/flocculation parameters with ferric chloride, aluminium sulfate and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as coagulants, and dissolved organic carbon and molecular mass distribution analyses to evaluate the organic matter removal. The analyzes showed a reduction of the organic matter present in the secondary effluent, in terms of dissolved organic carbon, up to 45% for ferric chloride and 38% for aluminum salts. The distribution of the molecular mass also changed, with the increase of the compounds of lower molecular mass and the reduction of the compounds of higher molecular mass. The results corroborate with other studies carried out with secondary effluents and water supply on the impact of physicochemical processes on the molecular weight distribution.

No description available.

This work describes one - way hash functions and cryptographic algorithms . It also describes their implementation regarding DOC, PDF and ZIP files contents encryption . Subsequently , the implementation analyzis is provided . Following next, the brute - force attack procedure levereging GPU is proposed and evaluated.

This research combines observation, experimentation, and modeling to evaluate the influence of lakes on dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity, quality and export in subalpine watersheds of the Sawtooth Mountain Lake District, central Idaho. First, I conducted an empirical study of the hydrologic and biogeochemical controls on DOM dynamics in stream-lake fluvial networks. I hypothesized that lakes would decrease temporal variability (i.e., buffer) and alter the characteristics of DOM from inflow to outflow. I tested these hypotheses by evaluating DOM temporal patterns and measuring annual export in seven-paired lake inflows and outflows. I then evaluated how ultraviolet (UV) exposure affected DOM characteristics during snowmelt and baseflow, and how UV alters baseflow DOM bioavailability and nutrient limitation. Given that increased water residence time increases UV exposure, I hypothesized that lake outflow DOM would be more photorecalcitrant than DOM from lake inflows. I further hypothesized that UV exposure would increase DOM quality, heterotrophic processing, and nutrient demand. Results indicate that lakes can buffer stream temporal variability by acting as a DOM sink during snowmelt and a DOM source during baseflow. Lake outflow DOM photodegradation was similar to lake inflows during snowmelt (p=0.66). Conversely, outflow DOM was 2X more photorecalcitrant than inflow DOM during baseflow (ANOVA, p=0.03) and was strongly related to water residence time (WRT). During baseflow, light exposure increased inflow and outflow DOM bioavailability (p=0.059 and 0.024, respectively) and nutrient limitation (p=0.03 and 0.09, respectively). Combined, these results indicate that WRT in subalpine lakes strongly influences DOM temporal variability and DOM degradation and processing. Thus, lakes can provide temporal stability of DOM and potentially increase both carbon and nutrient uptake by heterotrophs in lake outflows. I then evaluated how global changes could alter hydrologic and nutrient dynamics in a subalpine lake. Model results indicate that the magnitude and timing of snowmelt runoff can have a substantial effect on water and nutrient exports. In phosphorus (P)-limited lakes, increases in inorganic N concentrations within and exported from lakes are likely to occur with increased temperatures and lake WRT. Increases in atmospheric N deposition will further enhance inorganic N exports in P-limited subalpine lakes.

Pendant la majeure partie du Pléistocène, les régions de la Terre recouvertes de pergélisol ont été des accumulateurs nets de carbone (C) d’origine végétal et transféré au sol. L’accumulation de ce C organique dans les sols de la région de pergélisol circumpolaire nord a conduit à des stocks qui contiennent actuellement une masse C supérieure à celle qui existe dans l'atmosphère par un facteur de plus de deux. Dans le même temps, les rivières du pergélisol arctique rejettent environ 11% du flux d’eau fluvial global dans les océans, et ce dans un océan (l’Arctique) correspondant à 1% du volume d’eau total des océans et une très grande surface ce qui le rend relativement sensible aux afflux de matières dérivées des surfaces terrestres. Ce flux fluvial provient de précipitations sous forme de pluie ou de neige qui, lors du contact initial avec la surface, ont le potentiel immédiat d'interagir avec le C de l'une des deux manières suivantes: d’une part, l'eau qui coule sur des roches carbonatées ou silicatées provoquera une réaction dont le réactif nécessite l'absorption de CO2 atmosphérique, qui est ensuite transporté dans l'eau des rivières. Ce C inorganique issu de l’interaction de l’eau, de l’atmosphère et de la lithosphère représente donc un vecteur de stockage ou de «puits» du C. D’autre part, l’eau qui interagit avec la matière organique présente dans les arbres, la litière ou le sol peut dissoudre le C qu’elle contient et le transférer par les eaux de surface et souterraines dans les rivières. Ce carbone peut ensuite être métabolisée vers l’atmosphère ou exportée dans la mer. Des améliorations récentes dans la compréhension de la dynamique du C terrestre indiquent que ce transfert hydrologique de matière organique représente le devenir dominant du carbone organique, après prise en compte de la respiration des plantes et du sol. Dans le contexte du réchauffement climatique d’origine anthropique amplifié de l'Arctique, l'exposition thermique imposée au stock de pergélisol de C, associé à d'une augmentation des précipitations futures, laisse présager des changements importants dans le cycle du carbone organique et inorganique induit par les flux latéraux. Cependant, la totalité des processus impliqués rend difficile la prévision de ce changement. Partant de ce constat, cette thèse s’appuie sur les avancées antérieures en matière de modélisation du système terrestre pour inclure la production et le transport latéral de carbone organique dissous (COD), de CO2 dérivé de la respiration et d’alcalinité dérivée au sein d’un modèle global de surface terrestre développé précédemment pour résoudre spécifiquement les processus des régions boréales. Al’aide de données de pointe sur le sol, l'eau, la végétation et la climatologie pour forcer les conditions aux limites nous sommes en mesure de reproduire les processus et les flux de transport latéraux existants ainsi que faire des projections futures. Dans cette thèse, nous montrons que les exportations d'alcalinité panarctique et l'absorption du CO2 qui l'accompagne augmentent avec le réchauffement, que les flux de COD diminuent en grande partie à cause des circuits d'écoulement d'eau plus profonds dans le sol et des changements qui en résultent dans les interactions carbone-eau. Enfin, nous observons que la libération de COD dans l’Articque n’est pas linéairement liée à la temperaturre. Par conséquent, la future libération de COD dans l'Arctique peut augmenter ou diminuer avec la température en fonction des modifications de l'état thermique et des trajectoires hydrologiques dans les sols profonds. L'effet net de ces flux sur les océans est de réduire l'acidification future de l'eau de mer d'origine terrestre. Les améliorations futures apportées au modèle pour inclure des représentations du carbone particulaire, de génération de méthane, de COD pyrogénique, de subsidence de glace / surface du sol sont nécessaires pour accroître la rigueur des résultats générés par ce modèle. / For much of the Pleistocene, regions of the Earth underlain by permafrost have been net accumulators of terrestrially-fixed plant carbon (C), known as organic C, to the extent that in the present day the soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost region alone contain a C mass outweighing that which exists in the modern atmosphere by a factor of over two. At the same time, the rivers of the Arctic permafrost region discharge about 11% of the global volumetric river water flux into oceans, doing so into an ocean (the Arctic) with 1% of global ocean water volume and a very high surface area: volume ratio, making it comparatively sensitive to influxes of terrestrially derived matter. This river flux is sourced from precipitation as either rain or snow, which, upon initial contact with the landscape has the immediate potential to interact with C in one of two ways: Water running over carbonate or silicate –bearing rocks will cause a reaction whose reactant requires the uptake of atmospheric CO2, which is subsequently transported in river water. This ‘inorganic’ C derived from interaction of water, atmosphere and lithosphere thus represents a C storage or ‘sink’ vector. In addition, water interacting with organic matter in tree canopies, litter or soil can dissolve C contained therein, and transfer it via surface and subsurface water flows into rivers, whereupon it may either be metabolised to the atmosphere or exported to the sea. Recent improvements in understanding of terrestrial C dynamics indicate that this hydrologic transfer of organic matter represents the dominant fate of organic carbon, after plant and soil respiration are accounted for. In the context of amplified Arctic anthropogenic warming, the thermal exposure imposed on the permafrost C stock with expectations of enhanced future precipitation point toward substantial shifts in the lateral flux-mediated organic and inorganic C cycle. However, the complex totality of the processes involved make prediction of this shift difficult. Addressing this gap in instrumental power and theoretical understanding, this collection of studies builds upon previous advances in earth system modelling to include the production and lateral transport of dissolved organic C (DOC), respiration-derived CO2, and rock-weathering derived alkalinity in a global land surface model previously developed to specifically resolve permafrost-region processes. By subjecting the resulting model to state of the art soil, water, vegetation and climatology datasets, we are able to reproduce existing lateral transport processes and fluxes, and project them into the future. In what follows, we show that while Pan-Arctic alkalinity exports and attendant CO2 uptake increase over the 20th and 21st Centuries under warming, DOC fluxes decline largely as a result of deeper soil water flow-paths and the resulting changes in carbon-water interactions. Rather than displaying a clear continuous (linear or non-linear) temperature sensitivity, future Arctic DOC release can increase or decrease with temperature depending on changes in the thermal state and hydrologic flow paths in the deep soil. The net marine effect of these fluxes is to decrease future terrestrially derived seawater acidification. Future model improvements to include representations of particulate C, methane generation, pyrogenic DOC, peat generation, soil ice/land surface subsidence are required to increase the rigor of the results generated by these models.