This dissertation historicizes the enduring marriage between photography and the American road trip. In considering and proposing the road as a photographic genre with its tradition and transformation, I investigate the ways in which road photography makes artistic statements about the road as a visual form, while providing a range of commentary about American culture over time, such as frontiersmanship and wanderlust, issues and themes of the automobile, highway, and roadside culture, concepts of human intervention in the environment, and reflections of the ordinary and sublime, among others. Based on chronological order, this dissertation focuses on the photographic books or series that depict and engage the American road. The first two chapters focus on road photographs in the 1930s and 1950s, Walker Evans’s American Photographs, 1938; Dorothea Lange’s An American Exodus: A Record of Human Erosion, 1939; and Robert Frank’s The Americans, 1958/1959. Evans dedicated himself to depicting automobile landscapes and the roadside. Lange concentrated on documenting migrants on the highway traveling westward to California. By examining Frank’s photographs and comparing them with photographs by Evans and Lange, the formal and contextual connections and differences between the photographs in these two decades, the 1930s and the 1950s, become evident. Further analysis of the many automobile and highway images from The Americans manifests Frank’s commentary on postwar America during his cross-country road trip—the drive-in theater, jukebox, highway fatality, segregation, and social inequality. Chapter 3 analyzes Ed Ruscha’s photographic series related to driving and the roadside, including Twentysix Gasoline Stations, 1962 and Royal Road Test, 1967. The chapter also looks at Lee Friedlander’s photographs taken on the road into the mid-1970s. Although both were indebted to the earlier tradition of Evans and Frank, Ruscha and Friedlander took different directions, representing two sets of artistic values and photographic approaches. Ruscha manifested the Pop art and Conceptualist affinity, while Friedlander exemplified the snapshot yet sophisticated formalist style. Chapter 4 reexamines road photographs of the 1970s and 1980s with emphasis on two road trip series by Stephen Shore. The first, American Surfaces, 1972 demonstrates an affinity of Pop art and Frank’s snapshot. Shore’s Uncommon Places, 1982, regenerates the formalist and analytical view exemplified by Evans with a large 8-by-10 camera. Shore’s work not only illustrates the emergence of color photography in the art world but also reconsiders the transformation of the American landscape, particularly evidenced in the seminal exhibition titled New Topographics: A Man-Altered Landscape, 1975. I also compare Shore’s work with the ones by his contemporaries, such as Robert Adams, William Eggleston, and Joel Sternfeld, to demonstrate how their images share common ground but translate nuanced agendas respectively. By reintroducing both Evans’s and Frank’s legacies in his work, Shore more consciously engaged with this photographic road trip tradition. Chapter 5 investigates a selection of photographic series from 1990 to the present to revisit the ways in which the symbolism of the road evolves, as well as how artists represent the driving and roadscapes. These are evident in such works as Catherine Opie’s Freeway Series, 1994–1995; Andrew Bush’s Vector Portraits, 1989–1997; Martha Rosler’s The Rights of Passage, 1995; and Amy Stein’s Stranded, 2010. Furthermore, since the late 1990s, Friedlander developed a series titled America by Car, 2010, incorporating the driving vision taken from the inside seat of a car. His idiosyncratic inclusion of the side-view mirror, reflections, and self-presence is a consistent theme throughout his career, embodying a multilayered sense of time and place: the past, present, and future, as well as the inside space and outside world of a car. Works by artists listed above exemplify that road photography is a complex and ongoing interaction of observation, imagination, and intention. Photographers continue to re-enact and reformulate the photographic tradition of the American road trip. / Art History

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 M39 / Master of Science

馬祖特殊的地理位置與歷史背景，形成與台灣本島十分迥異的文化景觀，在「戰地政務」時期封閉的三十餘年，將部分無形的資產保存了下來，另一方面，軍方對於相機的管制，也造成庶民生活的影像記錄缺漏難尋，區域歷史也難以脫離官方色彩。因此，此創作計畫希望透過馬祖耆老肖像、口述，一窺馬祖過去八十年歷史的斷面；也經由老者的面容、生命故事，以替代性的參與重拾對於依公、依嬤溫暖的記憶。此次創作採取「紀實攝影」的方式，結合寫實主義美學，以不編導場景、姿勢，不暗示情緒的「冷面」風格，以「擺拍」的方式拍攝數位馬祖耆老，並輔以現場訪談、文字記錄。最終以展覽的形式整合呈現「攝影敘事」與「圖說敘事」之內容。根據回饋意見，此次的創作成果在體驗與情感方面獲得了不少共鳴，但是展覽呈現仍有改進空間，整體而言，這個主題值得更深入、長久的探索與記錄。 / Due to the unique geographic location and history background, Matsu shows a completely different culture from Taiwan. Matsu has saved the Intangible Cultural Heritage during the military rule that lasting for over 30 years. However, the restriction of camera using caused the difficulty of recording the image and status of the real life within that time. Moreover, the region history is likely to be related to military. Therefore, this project aimed to discover the history of Matsu in the past 80 years through the portraits and oral history of the residents as well as participating the old-days of the “grandparent”. The project has adopted the method of Documentary Photography combining Realism and then illustrated the whole pictures of elders of Matsu in Posed Photography and Deadpan style with the interview and words recording. The project has been presented through an exhibition that integrated Photography Narrative and caption. According to the result, there were a great number of feedback shows this project successfully acquired the feedback both in emotion and personal experience. Although it can be seen that some of improvement are necessary, generally to say, this project is worthy to be developed as a long-term project which can be explored and recorded in deeper and more comprehensive way.

La photographie africaine contemporaine est ici celle que pratique les Africains vivant en Afrique. Durant notre période (1989-2009), le constat de l’absence de spécificité de la photographie africaine fait place au constat du regard photographique erroné que porte les Occidentaux sur l’Afrique. « Quelle est la vraie photographie africaine ? » est une des questions les plus souvent posées. En parallèle, le genre du portrait s’impose, en lutte contre un afropessimisme ambiant, tandis que les photographies documentaire et du réel montrent l’Afrique vécue par les Africains. Plus militante, la photographie citoyenne se développe et s’accompagne d’une hégémonie discursive. Mais la vraie photographie engagée est donnée par des pays anglophones qui contribuent à la marche collective vers la reconnaissance. Dans ce processus de reconnaissance, la France et les Etats-Unis jouent un rôle essentiel. L’intérêt porté par ces deux pays du Nord à la photographie africaine s’explique par l’existence d’une diaspora de photographes africains dont les travaux alimentent nombre de manifestations, palliant ainsi un déficit relatif en photographes locaux pratiquant une « photo d’art ». Dans ce contexte fragile, la pépinière de photographes sud-africains évoluant dans une économie de marché à l’occidentale prend à contre-pied les pays d’Afrique francophone où les fonctionnaires français répartissent des aides d’origine étatique et européenne. Cette Afrique du Sud, avec d’autres pays anglophones et le Mozambique, est le véritable porte-étendard d’une photographie africaine en gestation. / Contemporary African photography is here photography practiced by Africans living in Africa. In our period (1989-2009), the acknowledgement of the absence of specificity of African photography takes the place of the photographic gaze brought by Westerners to Africa: “What is the real african photography?” is a question that characterizes this photography. In parallel, the portrait genre imposes itself, searching to end up outside of the consciences of an ambient afropsessimism, while documentary photographs show the Africa lived by Africans. Even more militant, citizen photography develops and is accompanied by a discursive hegemony. But the true photography engaged has been given by some of the Anglophone countries that therefore contribute to the collective march to recognition, France and the United States playing an essential role, since 1990, in this process. The interest in those two northern countries may also be explained by a diaspora of African photographers whose work feeds a number of manifestations that highlight a relative deficit of local photographers that practice “art photography”. In this fragile context, the nursery of South African photographers evolving in an economic market similar to that of the occident takes a counter-point to French speaking countries where French civil servants distribute state assistance of European origin. It is this South Africa, alongside other English speaking countries and Mozambique, that demonstrates the path of a clearly gestating African photography.

This thesis explores the epistemological shift in my photographic practice from an ethnographic position to that of surrealist documentary. In charting this shift I have consider the use of documentary photography by the historical Surrealist movement ,and, the synthesis of surrealism and ethnography found in the English group Mass- Observation. The photograph’s oscillation between indexical record and mystical emanation forms a key position in understanding these two groups belief in the found images ability to describe a repressed reality located in the mass unconscious. Drawing on the Lacanian model of the Real used by Slavoj Zizek as a tool of cultural critique I suggest a new framework for a surrealist documentary practice. In bringing the methodology of the early Surrealists into a contemporary context I consider the position of suburbia as a new terrain vague in relationship to the fantasy of the Real.

Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Department of Educational Studies

The role and position of the documentary street photographer is examined in the context of other forms of contemporary visual survey, including Google Street View. The Street View methodology is critically examined and related to the methodologies of other visual artists, including street photographers Peter Black and Robert Frank. Comparisons are drawn between the methodological restrictions imposed by Street View and those imposed by the photographers in the course of their practice. The issue of authorship is discussed and the lack of specific authorship of Street View is related to its inability to augment the viewer's personal sense of space. Wainuiomata, a suburb of Hutt City in Wellington, New Zealand, is introduced as a location for the author's research into how documentary photography might operate. The author's own phenomenological history is considered, and it is proposed that Wainuiomata may act as a mirror which reflects a sense of place derived from personal history, triggered by the visual landscape. The author's installation work The 1 p.m. Project is discussed and contextualised as a response to the author's research findings.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-15T17:59:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE COMPLETA - Eduardo Queiroga-5.pdf: 9389724 bytes, checksum: 3c465da97a3521a3f3c37a93964140f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T17:59:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE COMPLETA - Eduardo Queiroga-5.pdf: 9389724 bytes, checksum: 3c465da97a3521a3f3c37a93964140f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-05 / CAPES / Esta pesquisa aborda a autoria na fotografia documental. Os conceitos de fotografia, autoria e documental - são, de modo geral, atravessados por ambiguidades, contradições e lacunas, que se multiplicam quando trabalhados em relação com o campo da comunicação. Adotamos a posição que: a) toda fotografia atua em uma dinâmica de descontextualização e recontextualização, responsável pela perda de vinculação entre o momento da captação da imagem e o da sua fruição, com consequente abertura para distintas interpretações; b) a fotografia documental busca relatar um fenômeno, levar a seus espectadores informações sobre um acontecimento, ou cenários culturais e sociais; c) os limites de significação da fotografia exigem que o autor articule estratégias de condução da interpretação: a relação com o texto, a formatação de séries e conjuntos de fotos, a definição do circuito e a consolidação da assinatura; d) a autoria envolve preocupações de delimitação, de separação, de responsabilização jurídica, além do deslocamentos na linguagem. Busca-se, portanto, as complexidades contidas nos conceitos de documental e de autoria, sem perder de vista as relações de poder e os mecanismos de controle que atravessam tais perspectivas. Para tanto, autores como Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, Olivier Lugon, John Tagg, Jonathan Crary, Antoine Compagnon, Jean-Marie Schaeffer, John Berger, Roger Chartier e Margarita Ledo, ocupam o centro teórico-conceitual deste trabalho. No percurso, nos centramos sobre os fotógrafos documentais brasileiros João Roberto Ripper e Sebastião Salgado, ambos atuantes em uma fotografia alinhada a causas sociais e humanistas. Observamos aspectos presentes nas suas intenções, na maneira de trabalhar, na relação com o fotografado, nas escolhas formais, na gestão de sua assinatura e na condução de suas obras. Nos debruçamos mais detidamente em três livros de cada um deles: Imagens Humanas, Retrato Escravo e Poblaciones Tradicionales, de Ripper; Outras Américas, Trabalhadores e Genesis, de Salgado. Objetivamos afirmar que o autor é peça chave na conformação da fotografia documental. Suas estratégias autorais visam fazer chegar ao leitor suas intenções de modo a minimizar interpretações divergentes sobre o discurso fotográfico documental / This research aims to discuss about authorship in documentary photography. This concepts – photography, authorship and documentary – are crossed by many ambiguities, contradictions and gaps, that multiply themselves when working in relation to the communication field. We adopt the position that: a)each photography acts in a dynamic of contextualisation and recontextualization, which is responsible for the linkage loss between the moment in which the image is captured and its fruition, having as a result, the openness to distinct interpretations; b) the documentary photography intends to report a phenomenon and, give to its observers information about an event, or cultural and social settings; c) the significance limit of the Photography requires the author to articulate driving strategies for interpretation: the relationship with the text, series formatting and sets of photos, the circuit definition and signature consolidation; d) the authorship involves concerns about delimitation, separation, criminal responsibility, coupled with shifts in language. We seek, in effect, the complexities contained in the concepts of documentary and authorship, not losing sight the power relations and the mechanisms of control that go through these outlooks. Thus, authors such as Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, Olivier Lugon, John Tagg, Jonathan Crary, Antoine Compagnon, Jean-Marie Schaeffer, John Berger, Roger Chartier and Margarita Ledo, have been indispensable with their contributions from different knowledge fields. Throughout the whole way, we list the work of the Brazilian documentary photographers João Roberto Ripper and Sebastião Salgado, both acting in a photography aligned to social and humanistic causes. We have observed features present in theirs intentions, working way, relationship with the photographed subject, formal choices, managing of their signatures and routing of their works. More thoroughly, we worked through three books of each of them: Imagens Humanas, Retrato Escravo and Poblaciones Tradicionales, by Ripper; Other Americas, Workers and Genesis, by Salgado. Many other works, authored by these and other photographers, also took part in our research to increase the discussion and confront ideas. We aim to state that the author is a key part in configuring the documentary photography. His or her authorial strategies aim do present his intentions to the reader in order to minimize divergent interpretations.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-11-27T17:41:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kaíque Agostineti - 2013.pdf: 2352652 bytes, checksum: 3b7e294884c60588a96c0613ed71afe9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2014-12-01T15:07:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kaíque Agostineti - 2013.pdf: 2352652 bytes, checksum: 3b7e294884c60588a96c0613ed71afe9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-01T15:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kaíque Agostineti - 2013.pdf: 2352652 bytes, checksum: 3b7e294884c60588a96c0613ed71afe9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-29 / Outras / This work seeks to understand the process of the Brazilian nation in photographic narrative about the Sertão. Thus, we analyze the ideas of authors who wrote about modern nation and those who created narratives that proposes the existence of a nation from the Sertao category. First, we analyze works of national literature as Os Sertões de Euclides da Cunha and Grande Sertão: Veredas by João Guimarães Rosa. Subsequently, we discuss the passage of literary Sertão for photography. We understand the photographic language and medium, for its unique characteristics, generate images that differ from the hinterland described in the pages of national literature. Then we analyze this backcountry in the case of Flávio de Barros’s photographs in Canudos and photographic work Sertões: Luz & Trevas by Maureen Bisilliat. Thus, we launched the proposal for analyzing the intersections between the literary sertão, the modern nation and the documentary photography. / Esse trabalho busca entender o processar da nação brasileiras nas narrativas fotográficas sobre o sertão. Assim, analisamos as ideias de autores que escreveram sobre a nação moderna e daqueles que laçaram narrativas que propõe a existência de uma nação brasileira a partir da categoria sertão. Primeiramente, trabalhamos com obras da literatura nacional como Os Sertões de Euclides da Cunha e Grande Sertão: Veredas de João Guimarães Rosa. Posteriormente, abordamos a passagem do sertão literário para a fotografia. Entendemos que a linguagem e o meio fotográfico, por suas características singulares, geram imagens do sertão que diferem do sertão descrito nas páginas da literatura nacional. Buscamos então analisar esse sertão no caso das fotografias de Flávio de Barros em Canudos e da obra fotográfica Sertões: Luz & Trevas de Maureen Bisilliat. Desse modo, lançamos a proposta de análise dos cruzamentos entre o sertão literário, a nação e a fotografia documental.

Interpretations of the Politics of Fictive Landscapes in Context: A Comparison of Allan Sekula's Sketch on a Geography Lesson and Martha Rosler's In the Place of the Public Airport Series Throughout this thesis project I examine the geopolitical context(s) of the photographs featured in Martha Rosler's 'In the Place of the Public Airport Series' (1983) and Allan Sekula's series, 'Sketch on a Geography Lesson' (1982). I investigate the manner in which they question the legitimacy of the genre of documentary photography within the post-modern age by emphasizing the documentation of an actual physical place, presenting an alternative to the post-modern notion of photograph merely as another component of simulacra, or the intentional creation of an image without meaning or origin. By looking at photographs that Rosler and Sekula made during the burgeoning stages of post-modern theory, presents a broader interpretation of the development of Marxist documentary photography from the early 1980's to today. One way in which I dialogue with the discourse surrounding documentary photography in the 1980's is to focus on Rosler's and Sekula's intentional choice of material that emphasizes the political dialogue rather than concepts that are abstract and maintain no reference to real life. Furthermore, the period of the 1980's is considered a point in contemporary art history when the political fervor of the 1960's and early 1970's diminished greatly. Departing from this trend, Rosler's and Sekula's work continues to address political ideas throughout the 1980's, creating a bridge to today's photographers, such as Edward Burtynsky and Andreas Gursky who consider aesthetics from a socio-political perspective. / Art History