A presente pesquisa propõe a análise das relações entre criadas e patroas, na cidade de São Paulo, entre as décadas de 1870 e 1920, a partir das diferenças étnicas, sociais e de gênero (re)produzpidas no espaço doméstico. Utilizando como principal corpo documental os manuais de prescrição de conduta (manuais de etiqueta, de economia doméstica, de puericultura e de higiene e saúde), o intuito é compreender a formação identitária a partir do uso de objetos e espaços, entendidos estes como indutores de comportamentos e hábitos corporais. / This work is an attempt to analyze the relations between servants and mistresses, in São Paulo, between the 1870s and 1920s, from ethnic, social and gender differences (re)produced in the household. Considering different kinds of manuals etiquette, housekeeping, childcare and hygiene and health we intend to understand how identities are connected with the use of objects and spaces in the house.

Cette thèse en Anthropologie filmique porte sur l’espace habité des Bédouins de Syrie, en termes d’espace humanisé, c’est-à-dire modelé et rendu utilisable par les personnes qui l’occupent. La recherche, tout à la fois anthropologique et filmique, met en œuvre pour la première fois une méthode d’enquête audiovisuelle appliquée à l’étude de l’espace habité nomade. A partir de l’observation et de l’analyse de l’habitation (tentes et abris) d’une famille bédouine syrienne vivant dans un campement aux alentours de Palmyre (Nord-Est de la Syrie), ce travail dévoile comment le mode de vie des Bédouins influence la forme et la fonction de leur habitation. Le texte est accompagné de dix films qui décrivent le campement et les différentes utilisations de l’espace. / This thesis in Visual Anthropology examines the Syrian Bedouins’ living space in terms of humanized space, i.e. built and functionally transformed by the persons living in it. The field research was anthropological, but used the camera as the main tool for investigation. For the first time, this research proposes a filmic investigation method for the study of the nomads’ dwellings. Through the observation and analysis of the habitation (tents and shelters) of a Bedouin family living in a camp near Palmyra (North-East Syria), it shows how the Bedouin way of life influences the structure and the functions of their living space. Ten films describing the camp and its different utilization complement the text.

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A presente pesquisa propõe a análise das relações entre criadas e patroas, na cidade de São Paulo, entre as décadas de 1870 e 1920, a partir das diferenças étnicas, sociais e de gênero (re)produzpidas no espaço doméstico. Utilizando como principal corpo documental os manuais de prescrição de conduta (manuais de etiqueta, de economia doméstica, de puericultura e de higiene e saúde), o intuito é compreender a formação identitária a partir do uso de objetos e espaços, entendidos estes como indutores de comportamentos e hábitos corporais. / This work is an attempt to analyze the relations between servants and mistresses, in São Paulo, between the 1870s and 1920s, from ethnic, social and gender differences (re)produced in the household. Considering different kinds of manuals etiquette, housekeeping, childcare and hygiene and health we intend to understand how identities are connected with the use of objects and spaces in the house.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MaryaSA_DISSERT_VOL_1.pdf: 4886619 bytes, checksum: 44a2a5619dce0f42261cdbb1c027445c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Assuming that the form of a building shell and its content the spatial form are distinct dimensions of architecture - however indivisible and interdependent -, this study focus, in the light of the Social Logic of Space (HILLIER; HANSON, 1984), on the intrinsic properties through which domestic space was structured in a sample of single-family dwellings built in Jo?o Pessoa (PB) during the 1970s - when the vocabulary of modern architecture still prevailed in Brazil though sharing the urban scene with other architectural trends -, in order to investigate regularities or divergences underlying their conception. These dwellings were originally classified (ARA?JO, 2010a) in five categories defined according to the form of their building shells and to their prevailing construction techniques: (1) Brazilian modern legacy (considered as truly Brazilian modern style); (2) Paulista architecture (that refers to the modern production of S?o Paulo, Brazil, from the 1950s through the 1970s); (3) experiences of rationalization and prefabrication ; (4) experiences of adaptation to the climate (referring to a design strongly influenced by the hot and humid climate of North-eastern Brazil); and (5) hybrid (to account for a kind of stylistic hybridism that includes formal attributes, which evoke our colonial past). This study aims to determine, through the analyses of nineteen cases that represent each category, whether this taxonomy corresponds to distinct modes of spatial configuration. This research therefore proposes an approach to the classification of domestic architecture based on topological properties. The dwellings spatial organization was represented, quantified and analyzed, their spatial properties explored in consonance with one another and with the literature. Results pointed out that there is no evidence of a reciprocal relationship between the formal look of the built shells and their respective spatial structures / Assumindo que espa?o e inv?lucro constru?do s?o duas dimens?es distintas da arquitetura - ainda que indissoci?veis e interdependentes -, este estudo enfoca, ? luz da Teoria da L?gica Social do Espa?o (HILLIER; HANSON, 1984), as propriedades intr?nsecas atrav?s das quais o espa?o dom?stico foi estruturado em uma amostra de habita??es unifamiliares constru?das em Jo?o Pessoa (PB) nos anos 1970 - quando o vocabul?rio moderno ainda predominava no Brasil, embora compartilhando espa?o na cena urbana com outras tend?ncias arquitet?nicas -, a fim de investigar regularidades ou diverg?ncias subjacentes ? sua concep??o. Essas resid?ncias foram originalmente classificadas (ARA?JO, 2010a) em cinco categorias definidas por seus atributos formais e t?cnicos: (1) legado moderno brasileiro, (2) arquitetura paulista, (3) experi?ncias de racionaliza??o e pr?-fabrica??o, (4) experi?ncias de adequa??o ao clima e (5) resid?ncias h?bridas (que utilizam elementos que evocam um passado colonioso ). Neste estudo se quer verificar, atrav?s da an?lise de dezenove exemplares representativos dessa produ??o, se essa taxonomia corresponde a categorias definidas pela configura??o espacial. Esta pesquisa, portanto, prop?e uma abordagem para a classifica??o de arquitetura dom?stica baseada em sua dimens?o topol?gica. As casas foram analisadas considerando sua organiza??o espacial, representada e quantificada atrav?s da aplica??o dos instrumentos e medidas definidos por suas propriedades espaciais. Os resultados apontaram que n?o existem evid?ncias de rela??o de reciprocidade entre o inv?lucro constru?do e suas respectivas estruturas espaciais

Bien que l’intérêt pour la sphère domestique constitue un enjeu pour la recherche ainsi que pour la conception et l’industrie, les données empiriques restent rares. Dans une perspective praxéologique, interactionnelle et naturaliste, cette thèse contribue à combler ce déficit. Elle identifie des ressources particulières de l’organisation du quotidien dans deux foyers français. Par des analyses d’entretiens, et surtout par des analyses de données audio-vidéo, la thèse met en lumière l’importance du travail interactionnel que les membres réalisent chaque jour dans les foyers pour ordonner et rendre intelligibles leurs activités. Ce travail se base sur de multiples pratiques langagières (verbalisations d’actions, annonces, pré-séquences, sollicitations, injonctions, etc.) qui marquent et donnent le temps et ouvrent des séquences de négociation entre adultes et enfants. A coté des donneurs de temps langagiers, des donneurs de temps corporels, matériels et artefactuels sont également mobilisés. L’ordonnancement des activités n’est pas une simple gestion du temps, car qu’il s’appuie constamment sur des évaluations, des rationalités, des moralités pratiques au sein d’un environnement matériel et de soin particulier. Du point de vue de la conception technologique, la socialisation des membres des familles à une certaine normalité temporelle est un phénomène central. La sophistication ou la démultiplication d’éléments techniques ne peuvent suffire au développement de systèmes et de services innovants pertinents pour les familles. Les notions de temporalité distribuée et de donneurs de temps interactionnels semblent adéquates pour aborder les activités de l’espace domestique et familial. / Although interest in the domestic sphere is a challenge for research as well as for design and for the industry, empirical data remain scarce. Within a praxeological and interactional perspective, this thesis contributes to filling this gap. It identifies specific resources of the everyday life organisation in two French homes. Through the analysis of interviews, and especially through the analysis of audio-video data, this thesis sheds light on the importance of the interactional work that members are deploying every day in their homes to order and make their activities accountable to each other. This work is based on multiple practices (such as verbalisation of actions, announcements, solicitations, directives, etc.) and resources that mark and set the time sequences of activities and open negotiation between adults and children. Besides the conversational time givers, body and artefactual material time givers are also massively mobilised. Thus, the coordination and organisation of activities is not a simple matter of time management, since they rely on a constant practical orientation anchored in specific material and care environments. From the perspective of technological design, the family members’ socialisation within a certain time and domestic normality is a central phenomenon. Sophistication or the multiplication of technical elements is not enough (and can represent a problem) with regard to the development of innovative systems for homes. Using notions of distributed temporality and interactional time givers seems to be an appropriate trial to study home and family activities.

\"Itinerário de borboletas\" olha para as relações existentes entre o mobiliário e a arquitetura residencial através da poltrona BKF e de seus vínculos com os espaços da casa. Tem como objetivo analisar e refletir sobre as condições de design focadas na concepção, no projeto e na produção da BKF, reconhecendo as inter-relações existentes entre esse design e a arquitetura no cenário doméstico de uso da poltrona. Pretende constituir o registro de uma viagem através das casas habitadas (ou ocupadas) pelas BKF, usando como metodologia análises contextuais, visuais e projetuais, analisando e refletindo sobre a interação existente entre o mobiliário e os ambientes domésticos onde a proposta de investigação se concentra. Procura-se colaborar no desenvolvimento da pesquisa em área de projeto como um campo em construção epistemológica, ao adaptar e utilizar as ferramentas de produção e de representação de projeto para a descrição, análise e interpretação dos dados. Também pretende contribuir para uma compreensão mais profunda no conhecimento da relação entre mobiliário e arquitetura como áreas de um mesmo corpo disciplinar. Persegue as seguintes perguntas: Onde? Quais espaços domésticos a BKF ocupa? Como a poltrona ocupa tais espaços? O que significa? E quais são as relações entre a BKF e esses ambientes? Em síntese, este trabalho se concentra em estudar e analisar de que maneira a cadeira BKF ocupa os cenários domésticos, que significado tem sua presença para os arquitetos, e que laços e relações são oferecidos para o habitante na forma do sentar como interpretação do morar. Este trabalho é uma pequena mostra que pretende ler e compreender a arquitetura em função de uma poltrona particular. / \"Butterflies\' Itinerary\" observes the existing relationships between furniture and residential architecture, through the BKF chair and its links with the domestic spaces. The goal of the work is to analyze and reflect on the design conditions, with a focus on the conception, the project and the production of the BKF chair. We look at the existing relationships between this chair and the architecture of the domestic spaces where it is used. This work has the intention of building a travel log of the houses inhabited (or occupied) by this chair. The methodology used includes contextual, visual and design analyses. We analyze and reflect on the existing relationships between the furniture and the domestic architecture. We aim at making a contribution to the development of research in the area of design practice, a field undergoing an epistemological development, by adapting and using production and representation tools to describe, analyze and interpret the available data. More in general, we would like to contribute to the deeper understanding of the relationship between furniture and architecture, as parts of the same disciplinary body. We consider the following questions: Where do we find these chairs? Which domestic spaces does the BKF chair occupy? How does it occupy those spaces? What is the significance of the chair\'s presence? What is the relationship between the chair and those spaces? In short, this work focuses on the study and analysis of how the BKF chair occupies the domestic spaces, what the meaning of its presence is for the architects, and what links and relations are offered to the inhabitant through the way of seating, as an interpretation of the way of living. This work has the intention of reading and understanding the architecture in terms of a particular chair.

A presente tese estuda a produção artística de oratórios domésticos manufaturados no Brasil, sobretudo nos séculos XVIII e XIX, e que hoje se encontram recolhidos às dependências de museus brasileiros, públicos e particulares. Também, a tese procura compreender a dinâmica de sua trajetória no contexto doméstico, tomando, em particular, a São Paulo setecentista e oitocentista como cenário ilustrativo. Para esta abordagem, prima-se em observar tais artefatos religiosos ante seus dois distintos universos funcionais, respectivamente: de cunho devocional, em que os mesmos se destinam comumente às práticas da oração; e de cunho litúrgico, quando especialmente preparados para a orientação das celebrações oficiais da Igreja católica. Assim, baseando-se nas informações oferecidas por um conjunto de testemunhos pertinentes, de fontes textuais e diante do próprio acervo de oratórios elencado para análise, chega-se a uma leitura bastante aproximada do trabalho artístico realizado em torno desta produção, bem como das formas de organização dos espaços da morada, no contexto das vivências religiosas do catolicismo, corroborando a hipótese de que tais artefatos figuravam como protagonistas de complexas relações, humanas e materiais, que ali se estabeleciam. / This thesis studies the artistic production of the domestic oratories made in Brazil, especially in the 18th and 19yh centuries that have been kept now in public or private Brazilian museums. The thesis also tries to understand the dynamics of its course within the domestic context having São Paulo, particularly in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as illustrative scenery. Concerning this approach, it is of utmost importance to observe such religious artifacts in their two distinct functional universes, respectively those of a devotional feature, when they are commonly intended to the act of praying, and those of a liturgical aspect when they were specially prepared for directing the official celebrations of the Roman Catholic Church. Therefore, based upon information provided by a set of pertinent evidence, textual sources and before the collection of oratories that were chosen to be used for the analysis, a very close understanding of the artistic work performed towards this production, as well as the ways of organizing the spaces in a home within the context of the religious experiences of Catholicism, confirming the hypothesis that such artifacts were seen as the protagonists of the complex human and material relations that were establish there.

Thèse en cotutelle En vue de l’obtention du Doctorat en Architecture de l’Université de Toulouse Jean Jaurès/ Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Toulouse, Et du Ph.D. Individualisé en Architecture de l’Université de Montréal, Présentée à l’Ecole Doctorale TESC Université de Toulouse Jean Jaurès. Unités de Recherche : LRA – Laboratoire de Recherche en Architecture LEAP – Laboratoire d’Etude de L’Architecture Potentielle / L’état du développement de la théorie sur les modes de représentation ne contient que peu de travaux sur la coupe architecturale, notamment au XXe siècle, époque à laquelle la notion d’espace devient un enjeu architectural propre à la modernité. Cette étude théorique établit les conditions du recours à la coupe dans l’élaboration d’une spatialité qui fournit du sens au projet. Elle propose au préalable sur une investigation des façons de voir un édifice ouvert, de la ruine à l’écorché, permettant d’extraire quelques ressorts disciplinaires de la coupe. L’exploration de sa contribution à « la résolution du projet dans l’espace » qui constitue le cœur de ce travail, est guidée par l’analyse approfondie de la fabrication d’un corpus de coupes d’espaces domestiques emblématiques du XXe siècle. Elle éclaire ainsi, in fine, sur son usage et la connaissance de son statut, au seuil de l’hyper-développement de la modélisation. / Seeing architectural space in section exploration of the section in the conception of modern space. Progress of digital technology allows hyper-developing of representation modes free from instruments which are more and more considered as obsolete to produce new spaces. However, referring to the spread which is given to the section when presenting projects, or in teaching practices, it is often described as a device for stimulating, designing and building. This theorical research observes the use and the status of section at the end of the twentieth century, at the dawning of modelling development. According to Jacques Guillerme and Hélène Vérin , section appears within surveys and studies of antic ruins as a physic reality, the one of a building truncated by its own partial collapse. Many theorists, as Barbara Stafford and Robin Evans , make a connection between section and dissection as opening modes on the inside and by the development of both practices during the Eighteenth century. According to Robin Evans, to reveal the essence of the building is the real function of architectural drawing. The approach is to explore the drawing and the evolution of sections through traces of the designing process, in order to understand how section act as a “générateur” of the project. The research question may be : How, and to which spread, architectural section has a generating dimension of space and it intervene in the elaboration process of modern houses designed after the “Resolving the project in space” ? Based on archives drawings a reference corpus of six modern emblematic houses sections designed between twenties and sixties have been observed in their representation and space. Six other emblematic houses sections conceived from seventies to two thousand ten have been observed through a comparative analysis with the reference corpus. The expected results are to detect the spatial issues raised by the section, to extend its agreed definition as a representation tool to a designing tool and to settle a methodology for analysing cut space.

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