• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 4
  • 4
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

La tragédie de l’expert ou “Langagement en science-friction” comme réponse à la déconstruction de l’autoritarisme et du relativisme de l’expertise scientifique par la sociologie dramaturgique / The expert's tragedy, or "Langagement in science-friction" as a response to the deconstruction of the authoritarianism and relativism of scientific expertise by dramaturgical sociology

Birgé, Robin 29 January 2018 (has links)
Mon travail de thèse propose une réflexion au sujet d’un paradoxe ancien mais qui demeure pertinent à travailler dans le contexte renouvelé des "controverses socioscientifiques" publiques. La position épistémique dominante au sein de la communauté scientifique peut être qualifiée de réeliste, à savoir qu’il existe en soi un monde extérieur à la pensée, qu’une connaissance objective et neutre de ce monde est possible, ce qui permettrait un progrès social. Par ailleurs les exigences de la démocratie, comme organisation de gouvernance en vue de construire un monde commun par l'accord du peuple, présupposent que chaque voix individuelle, chaque point de vue singulier est à considérer selon une éthique égalitaire. C'est ainsi que le statut de l'expert en démocratie est paradoxal. En effet, si l’expert est un scientifique appelé à répondre à une question définie par le politique pour laquelle, en contexte de controverse, les données scientifiques disponibles ne permettent pas de conclure, l'expert doit néanmoins proposer une réponse à la question qui lui est posée. C’est ainsi que, même en absence de réponses, l’expert est choisi sur la base de sa présupposée compétence, par le biais d’un accès privilégié au réel. Ce choix suggère que la parole de l'expert est toujours plus intéressante, plus pertinente qu’une parole non-experte, ce qui va à l’encontre du postulat démocratique.Face à la critique de l’expertise, il y a généralement deux craintes, deux spectres (dans le sens « d’apparition effrayante ») de réponses envisageables. D’un côté, il y a le renforcement de la légitimité traditionnelle de l’expertise qui est sous tendue par une épistémologie réeliste, et donc la peur de la confiscation du pouvoir qui en découle. De l’autre côté, altérer les frontières entre science et non-sciences, relativiser le pouvoir de la « grande science » pourrait conduire à une forme de nihilisme, à savoir la perte de la hiérarchie des valeurs, notamment la distinction entre connaissance et croyance, et la perte de la potentialité de fonder une connaissance pertinente nécessaire à une transformation sociale du monde.Mais je me demande également pourquoi l’appel à l’expertise, dont l’une des raisons réside dans la recherche d’une fin (clôture ou finalité, telle est la question) à la discussion, débat au cours duquel on échange des arguments. Selon les partisans d’un réelisme, la discussion scientifique n’est pas de même nature que le débat démocratique, mais dans le cas de mon constructivisme cette différence n’existe pas. Si étymologie de la controverse suppose un face-à-face et une clôture, la discussion pouvant se conclure par une reconstruction ou réarrangement semble plus approprié à une optique constructiviste. L’expertise résistera t-elle à notre enquête dramaturgique ? / My research topics focus on the social responsability of researchers, their involvement and political engagement, all the way from the construction of knowledge to its formulation (research aesthetic) and dissemination.As I study others' engagement and their legitimation strategies, I also aim at formulating mine: a constructivism that holds itself accountable for its creations.This thesis discusses the role of experts in democracy; it is written in French. I highly doubt that I am able to summarize it in English, just as I doubt that exclusively English-speaking readers would be able to understand the manuscript in French.
2

Enemies of the People : Whistle-Blowing and the Sociology of Tragedy

Haglunds, Magnus January 2009 (has links)
Enemies of the People is a book that examines whistle-blowing—i.e., the unauthorized conveyance of sensitive information to mass media and authorities—and the social responses this performance provokes. The book develops a fresh view of this phenomenon by framing the trend of events according to a couple of fundamental elements found in tragedy. The book also includes a critical appraisal of the perspectives that set the tone in the existent whistle-blowing research. The prevalent one-sidedness found in this field of research is reviewed and contrasted with the contributions delivered in the present study. The analysis is based on three famous whistle-blowing cases that received a lot of attention in mass media: Ingvar Bratt and the Bofors affair; Odd F. Lindberg and the Norwegian seal hunting affair; and finally, Paul van Buitenen and the Leonardo-affair in the European Commission. The author claims that by studying the sociology of tragedy, it is possible to develop a new way of examining social processes where the final outcome is the excommunication of the appointed culprits through, for example, expulsion or avoidance. This purgatorial process is treated as a social status degradation, where the offender experiences a thorough social identity transformation that turns his or her social position to a lower social rank than initially held. The title of this book alludes to a stage play written by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. His dramatic piece An Enemy of the People, written in 1882, plays a prominent part in this study.
3

Mobbningscen och lärarens roll : En kvalitativ studie om lärarnas arbete mot mobbning / Bullying stage and the teacher's role : A study of teachers' work against bullying

Klikovac, Sasha, Kiserud, Sajra January 2015 (has links)
Bakgrund: Skolan som institution har existerat i olika former under många århundraden, samtidigt som den hela tiden har följt samhällsutvecklingen. Om problematiken med mobbning inom skolmiljön har det vittnats åtminstone i flera decennier, trots att skolan påvisar den genom aktivt arbete med främjande och förebyggande åtgärder. Vittnesmål kring mobbning kommer oftast från personer som har varit utsatta, ofta långt efter att kränkningarna ägt rum, och ger oss ett perspektiv på problemet. Vår intention med denna uppsats har varit att lyfta upp mobbning från ett annat perspektiv, genom att fånga upp lärarnas upplevelse kring det praktiska arbetet mot mobbning. Syfte: Studiens övergripande syfte är att med hjälp av Goffmans teori om scen, skapa en fördjupad förståelse för vad lärarna inom ett antimobbningsteam på en grundskola har för upplevelse kring deras arbete mot mobbning mellan eleverna. De frågeställningar studien förhåller sig till är: 1. Hur beskriver grundskollärare från antimobbningsteam sin roll i förhållande till elever i mobbningssammanhang? 2. Hur kan Goffmans begrepp scen, roll, aktör, publik, team, inramning och uppsättning användas för att förstå lärarnas upplevelse kring mobbning? Metod: En kvalitativ ansats har använts med fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare från antimobbningsteamet. Analysen av skapad data gjordes utifrån Goffmans dramaturgiska teori om scen samt tidigare forskning. Resultat: Resultatet visar på att vid mobbningen mellan skoleleverna är det hela gruppen som deltar, antingen aktivt genom att utöva kränkningar, eller passivt genom att uppmuntra till det via positiv respons. Detta sker oftast bortom lärarnas synhåll, på scener och vid sådana tillfällen som lärare inte kan bevittna. Studien synliggör att lärare upplever sig ha bristfälliga kunskaper kring problematiken samt att det saknas tidsmässiga resurser för att motarbeta problemet. Scenen för mobbning ramas in av skolans styrdokument men även genom skolans bristande satsningar på resurser och lärarutbildningar. / Background: The school as an institution has existed in various forms for many centuries, and constantly followed the development of society. Regarding the problem of bullying in the school environment, it has been testified as a problem during at least several decades. This despite the fact that the school demonstrates it through active efforts of promotion and prevention. Testimony about the bullying usually comes from people who have been exposed, often long after the violations occurred, and gives us a perspective on the issue. Our intention with this essay has been to illustrate the bullying from a different perspective, by capturing the teachers' experience on the practical work against bullying. Purpose: The overall aim is that by using Goffman's theory about stage, creating a deeper understanding of what teachers in an anti-bullying team at a primary school experience within their work with bullying among students. The issues the study relates to are: 1. How primary school teachers from the anti-bullying team describes their role in relation to students in bullying context? 2. How can Goffman's concept stage, role, actor, audience, teams, setting and set be used to understand the teachers' experience concerning bullying? Method: A qualitative approach has been used with semi-structured interviews in which the analysis of the created data was based on Goffman's dramaturgical theory about the stage and previous research. Results: The results show that the whole group is involved at the bullying between school children, either actively by exercising violation, or passively by encouraging it through positive feedback. This usually occurs beyond the teachers' sight, on stages and at such times the teachers cannot witness. The study reveals that teachers feel they have insufficient knowledge about the problem and a lack of time resources to address the problem. The stage of bullying is framed by the school's governing documents and also by the school's lack of investment in resources and teacher training.
4

Goffman jako framework pro analýzu sociálních interakcí na sociálních sítích / Goffman as a Framework for Analysis of Social Interactions in Social Networks

Merunková, Lucie January 2017 (has links)
fman's theory in order to investigate how book features Goffman's two principal performative - First section of the thesis introduces Goffman's theory and frames the phenomenon of social provides a qualitative content analysis of 50 Facebook "profiles" and 733

Page generated in 0.2507 seconds