Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-29T20:27:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Claudia Cseko Nolasco de Carvalho.pdf: 7996736 bytes, checksum: 4342b7f850b677568441806a801d9047 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T20:27:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Claudia Cseko Nolasco de Carvalho.pdf: 7996736 bytes, checksum: 4342b7f850b677568441806a801d9047 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-27 / Sustainable development requires more detailed soil maps with representative information of local reality, helping to conciliate increasing agriculture production and environmental impacts reduction. It is a hard task to achieve considering the Brazil territorial extension and the absence of governmental programs and resources. The Digital Soil Mapping (DSM), through methodologies implementation, has been consolidated as support technique for conventional mapping. Using DSM techniques, we aimed to evaluate a methodological procedure to generate soil maps with refined scale by fuzzy inference, and to map simpler units, which means more adequate areas for the rural settlement development plans. We carried out the study on an area at the microregion of Mata of Alagoas State and the following attributes were integrated by pedologist knowledge: elevation, slope, curvature and profile, topographic wetness index ? derived from a Digital Elevation Model (built by aerophotogrammetric restitution at scale 1:8 000), and geological data at scale 1:50 000. In a first moment, we integrate the thematic layers of 5m resolution pixel related to the attributes. Possibility maps of predefined classes were generate based on rules established by pedological expertise using fuzzy inference. Then, we integrate the evidence maps of classes by weighted mean inference to produce the soils digital map. The predicted digital soil map was opposed to a map elaborated traditionally, and validated by field observation of transects and pre-existent profiles. The comparison between the digital soil map and the conventional indicated a accuracy of 81.2% between the predicted classes of the digital map and the ones on the conventional map units (described on the legend, however not spatialized). Confronting the predicted classes of the digital soil map and the ones identified on field, the observed accuracy was of 74.65%. The Kappa index found was very good, with 0.696 values for the comparison between the digital map and the conventional map and 0.705 between the digital map and field observations. The results demonstrate that legacy maps data may, through the pedologists knowledge and more detailed attribute data, aggregate information and produce more detailed soil maps. Considering the concepts of minimum mappable area, the definitions of pixel sizes suggested for the digital cartographic scale, and the rules for soil survey, the applied methodology allowed, on the used cartographic base, the amplification of the mapping scale from 1:25 000 to 1:15 000. / O desenvolvimento sustent?vel requer mapas de solo mais detalhados com informa??es representativas da realidade local que permitem conciliar aumento da produ??o agropecu?ria com minimiza??o de impactos ambientais. Essa ? uma tarefa dif?cil considerando a extens?o territorial do Brasil e a falta de programas e recursos governamentais. O Mapeamento Digital de Solos-MDS, atrav?s da implementa??o de metodologias, vem se consolidando como t?cnica de apoio ao mapeamento convencional. Usando t?cnicas de MDS, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar um procedimento metodol?gico para gerar mapa de solos com refinamento de escala usando infer?ncia fuzzy para mapear unidades mais simples, portanto mais adequadas aos planos de desenvolvimento dos assentamentos rurais. A ?rea escolhida para teste est? localizada na microrregi?o da Mata do Estado de Alagoas. Para execu??o do trabalho os atributos do terreno eleva??o, declividade, curvatura em perfil, plano de curvatura e ?ndice de umidade topogr?fica derivados de Modelo Digital de Eleva??o-MDE (gerado por restitui??o aerofotogram?trica na escala 1:8.000) e dados geol?gicos em escala 1:50:000, foram integrados atrav?s do conhecimento de ped?logos. Os planos de informa??es, com pixel de 5 m, a partir de regras estabelecidas pela expertise de ped?logos foram fuzzificados e integrados para gerar os mapas de possibilidades de ocorr?ncia para as classes de solo predefinidas. O mapa digital de solos foi produzido pela integra??o dos mapas de possibilidades das classes por infer?ncia m?dia ponderada. O mapa digital de solos predito foi confrontado com mapa elaborado por m?todo tradicional e validado por observa??es em campo ao longo de transectos e por perfis preexistentes. A an?lise comparativa entre o mapa digital de solos e o convencional obteve acur?cia de 81,2 % entre as classes preditas no mapa digital e as contidas nas unidades do mapa convencional (descritas na legenda, por?m n?o espacializadas). Confrontando as classes preditas no mapa digital e as identificadas no campo a acur?cia encontrada foi de 74,65%. A aferi??o das classes pelo ?ndice de Kappa foi considerada muito boa com valores de 0,696 para a compara??o entre o mapa digital versos mapa convencional e 0,705 entre o mapa digital e as observa??es de campo. A pesquisa mostrou que dados contidos em mapas legados de solo podem atrav?s do conhecimento de ped?logos e de dados detalhados de atributos do terreno agregar informa??es e produzir mapa digital de solo com amplia??o da escala e que neste trabalho ? compat?vel com a de levantamentos detalhados (1:15.000).

Cette thèse traite de la vérification en ligne, par des moyens matériels, du flot de contrôle d'un système a base de microprocesseur. Une technique de compaction est utilisée pour faciliter cette vérification (analyse de signature). La plupart des méthodes proposées jusqu'ici imposent une modification du programme d'application, afin d'introduire dans celui-ci des propriétés invariantes (la signature en chaque point de l'organigramme est indépendante des chemins préalablement parcourus). Les méthodes proposées ici, au contraire, ont comme caractéristique principale de ne pas modifier le programme vérifie et utilisent un dispositif de type processeur, disposant d'une mémoire locale, pour assurer l'invariance de la signature. Deux méthodes sont ainsi décrites. La première est facilement adaptable a différents microprocesseurs et présente une efficacité qui la place parmi les meilleures méthodes proposées jusqu'ici. La seconde methode a été dérivée de la première dans le but de diminuer la quantité d'informations nécessaire au test. Cette dernière methode a été implantée sur un prototype d'unité centrale d'automate programmable (avec la société télémécanique) et son efficacité a été évaluée par des expériences d'injection de fautes. Le cout d'implantation particulièrement faible dans le cas du prototype réalise peut permettre d'envisager une évolution de celui-ci vers un produit industriel

<p>The general aim of the studies presented in this thesis is to investigate the possibility of using clinical data to measure outcomes in psychiatric outpatient services. The specific aims are to investigate whether routine clinical assessments and ratings are reliable and have adequate validity, and then to use these data to calculate treatment outcomes and explore factors that affect these outcomes.</p><p>The main result shows that ratings of global mental health made by clinicians in routine clinical work can be used to evaluate treatment outcomes in outpatient settings. The clinicians responsible for diagnosing and assessing patients used the GAF scale with satisfactory reliability (ICC1,1 = 0.81) and fair interrater reliability (overall kappa = 0.53) when categorizing main diagnostic groups of the DSM-IV axis I. The GAF scale can thus be used to assess global mental health and to monitor outcomes in clinical settings. However, a GAF culture bias was observed. This bias can probably be corrected with feedback and training.</p><p>Psychiatric treatment in outpatient settings had a generally positive effect on patients’ global mental heath (ES = 0.65). The overall result when clinical significance methodology was used showed that 28.1% of the patients had recovered and a further 6.6% showed reliable improvement. Patients being treated with psychotherapeutically influenced methods showed a considerably better effect (ES = 1.00). There is a dose of sessions effect that is particularly marked for short treatment episodes. Thirteen sessions are required for 50% of the patients to show reliable improvement. The strongest influence on treatment outcome was whether the termination of a patient’s treatment was planned or unplanned.</p><p>In conclusion: Clinical databases can be used to study the outcome of psychiatric services provided they a) include a large number of subjects representing an intention-to-treat perspective; b) the instruments used are clinically relevant and reliable; c) the raters contributing to the data base are motivated to decrease attrition; d) the database includes extensive data to allow for control of confounding factors; and e) data are collected at critical occasions in treatment, such as at the start of treatment and at discharge from treatment, making it possible to focus on effects. Psychiatric outpatient treatment has a positive effect, but considerable improvements may be possible with more stringent use of psychotherapeutic methods, sufficient doses of sessions, and planned terminations. However, the progress of treatment is also affected by such factors as pre-treatment severity and diagnoses.</p>

The general aim of the studies presented in this thesis is to investigate the possibility of using clinical data to measure outcomes in psychiatric outpatient services. The specific aims are to investigate whether routine clinical assessments and ratings are reliable and have adequate validity, and then to use these data to calculate treatment outcomes and explore factors that affect these outcomes. The main result shows that ratings of global mental health made by clinicians in routine clinical work can be used to evaluate treatment outcomes in outpatient settings. The clinicians responsible for diagnosing and assessing patients used the GAF scale with satisfactory reliability (ICC1,1 = 0.81) and fair interrater reliability (overall kappa = 0.53) when categorizing main diagnostic groups of the DSM-IV axis I. The GAF scale can thus be used to assess global mental health and to monitor outcomes in clinical settings. However, a GAF culture bias was observed. This bias can probably be corrected with feedback and training. Psychiatric treatment in outpatient settings had a generally positive effect on patients’ global mental heath (ES = 0.65). The overall result when clinical significance methodology was used showed that 28.1% of the patients had recovered and a further 6.6% showed reliable improvement. Patients being treated with psychotherapeutically influenced methods showed a considerably better effect (ES = 1.00). There is a dose of sessions effect that is particularly marked for short treatment episodes. Thirteen sessions are required for 50% of the patients to show reliable improvement. The strongest influence on treatment outcome was whether the termination of a patient’s treatment was planned or unplanned. In conclusion: Clinical databases can be used to study the outcome of psychiatric services provided they a) include a large number of subjects representing an intention-to-treat perspective; b) the instruments used are clinically relevant and reliable; c) the raters contributing to the data base are motivated to decrease attrition; d) the database includes extensive data to allow for control of confounding factors; and e) data are collected at critical occasions in treatment, such as at the start of treatment and at discharge from treatment, making it possible to focus on effects. Psychiatric outpatient treatment has a positive effect, but considerable improvements may be possible with more stringent use of psychotherapeutic methods, sufficient doses of sessions, and planned terminations. However, the progress of treatment is also affected by such factors as pre-treatment severity and diagnoses.

Introduction: This paper does not aim to predict the future of clinical psychology in Germany. The future of psychology depends on the complex interaction between political, sociological, economic and health-care related factors as well as on the scientific progress in the discipline itself and in neighbour disciplines. However, it is fair to say that clinical psychology continues to gain even stronger influences in health care and will face a number of new challenges over the next years of its expansion. Our paper will present some of these potential fields of development and change based on a brief description of the status quo. The focus of the article will be specific developments in Germany, although there will be an overlap with general tendencies that describe the situation of clinical psychology in the new millenium in general. Furthermore, for research as well as practice, the specific relationship between clinical psychology and psyciatry will be highlighted.

In knowledge-based engineering, the inference engine plays an important part in the behaviour of the system. A flexible and adaptive execution scheme allows the designer to experiment with different modes of operation and selecting an appropriate one with respect to the initial data set and the execution goal. In this project, an extension of an existing research prototype software in the field of knowledge-based engineering will be developed, with the goal of building a reliable and easy to use dependency resolution engine that will replace a less-than-ideal current implementation of the same. A discussion will be included how the knowledge concepts and objects can be represented in an abstract mathematical form, converting at the same time the problem of dependency resolution to a more formally specified one in terms of the data abstraction proposed. Some algorithms and methods that are used to operate on the data set will be discussed from both a theoretical and programming point of view, analysing their complexity, proposing and testing their implementation. Graphical interface controls that can be used to visualize and understand easily the relations in the available knowledge base will be also demonstrated. The testing and verification of the resulting software will be presented, comparing its behaviour against reference tools serving similar purposes. Methods for validating the consistency of the knowledge base will also be discussed. Finally, the integration of the newly-developed code within the context of the prototype will be discussed, commenting on the new features and functionality gained.

This thesis analyses the violence perpetrated against transgender people. It scrutinizes the concept of transgender and the important role of transitioning. It looks at the essentialist and social constructionist debate and its relation to transgender. In this thesis, I will advocate a theory of violence in which violence is understood as structural. I will advocate bringing the lived experience of transgender people to the foreground in theorizing about embodiment. Hereby, I will especially focus on discursive violence and the violation of human rights. I will relate transgender and the importance of transitioning to DSM’s understanding of Gender Identity Disorder. Consequently, I will uncover DSM’s subtle misogyny and transphobia and argue that it perpetrates discursive violence against transgender people. In addition, I will scrutinize the direct and indirect ways it violates the human rights of transgender people. Finally, the thesis will discuss the suggestions the Hammarberg report has made in order to improve the human rights situation of transgender persons.

This thesis offers a decision support framework to establish the economic feasibility associated with considering the installation of a greywater system. Because of the potential dangers and lack of widespread knowledge of greywater systems, the study begins by providing an explanation of current greywater technology to include the history of the technology, an explanation of greywater as opposed to reclaimed water, the potential risks of greywater use, and the necessary components of a greywater system. This decision support framework can be used with any scale of greywater system to be installed within any scale of facility. The example of an typical Atlanta, Georgia, USA multifamily rental development is used within the study to explain the framework by showing a working model. The need for water conservation in Georgia is shown and how greywater use dovetails with the need to lower overall usage. The legality of greywater use in Georgia along with the specific legal uses is also shown. The findings are then made State of Georgia and use specific to a multifamily development. The decision support framework provided is a viable tool. The sample framework in chapter 5 shows that the implementation of a greywater unit in the sampled facility would save 5,060,739.6 gallons of potable water per year with a 10.49 year payback cycle.

Eskom is under increasing pressure to provide reliable and sustainable electricity. Demand Side Management (DSM), offers a short– to medium–term solution to this problem. During 2009, the mining sector consumed approximately 16% of the domestic electricity supplied by Eskom. This made the mining sector one of the major targets for Eskom–initiated DSM programmes. The mining industry uses compressed air for a wide variety of applications and production purposes. This creates many opportunities to reduce electricity consumption and operating costs. Reducing the airsystem demand may however not result in significant electrical energy savings, unless the compressed–air supply is accurately managed to meet the reduced demand. Until recently, compressor control in the mining sector generally consisted of operating the compressors continuously, regardless of the actual demand for compressed air. Excessive compressed air is blown off into the atmosphere resulting in energy loss. This usually occurs when the compressors are operated manually. A computer–controlled compressor management solution, which optimises the efficiency potential of the compressed–air supply, is required to obtain significant electrical energy savings. The need for such a solution was addressed by the development of an energy management solution for mine compressor systems. This solution is referred to as Energy Management System (EMS) and is capable of starting, stopping, loading and unloading compressors. In addition to this, compressor output can be controlled to maintain a desired pressure set–point. In this study, the development and implementation of EMS on ten different mine compressor systems is presented. Automatic compressor capacity control was implemented, while an operator manually initiated compressor starting; stopping; loading and unloading, according to EMS control schedules. Centralised compressor control is one of the main advantages offered by EMS, especially for compressed–air systems with multiple compressor systems at different geographic locations. EMS facilitated effective and sustainable electrical energy reductions for all these compressed–air systems. / Thesis (M. Ing. (Computer and Electronical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Eskom is under increasing pressure to provide reliable and sustainable electricity. Demand Side Management (DSM), offers a short– to medium–term solution to this problem. During 2009, the mining sector consumed approximately 16% of the domestic electricity supplied by Eskom. This made the mining sector one of the major targets for Eskom–initiated DSM programmes. The mining industry uses compressed air for a wide variety of applications and production purposes. This creates many opportunities to reduce electricity consumption and operating costs. Reducing the airsystem demand may however not result in significant electrical energy savings, unless the compressed–air supply is accurately managed to meet the reduced demand. Until recently, compressor control in the mining sector generally consisted of operating the compressors continuously, regardless of the actual demand for compressed air. Excessive compressed air is blown off into the atmosphere resulting in energy loss. This usually occurs when the compressors are operated manually. A computer–controlled compressor management solution, which optimises the efficiency potential of the compressed–air supply, is required to obtain significant electrical energy savings. The need for such a solution was addressed by the development of an energy management solution for mine compressor systems. This solution is referred to as Energy Management System (EMS) and is capable of starting, stopping, loading and unloading compressors. In addition to this, compressor output can be controlled to maintain a desired pressure set–point. In this study, the development and implementation of EMS on ten different mine compressor systems is presented. Automatic compressor capacity control was implemented, while an operator manually initiated compressor starting; stopping; loading and unloading, according to EMS control schedules. Centralised compressor control is one of the main advantages offered by EMS, especially for compressed–air systems with multiple compressor systems at different geographic locations. EMS facilitated effective and sustainable electrical energy reductions for all these compressed–air systems. / Thesis (M. Ing. (Computer and Electronical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.