The main aim of this master’s thesis is balancing of the inertia forces of sliding parts of the twin cylinder motorcycle’s engine by dummy connecting rod. There is description of two computing stances to design dummy connecting rod. Then there is comparison of these computing stances. The dummy connecting rod is designed and the strength analysis is done by FEM method (finite element method) to limit the state of material fatigue. Furthermore, a crankshaft is designed while considering rotation parts’ inertia forces balancing. Finally, a strength analysis by FEM method is done to limit state of material fatigue of the crankshaft

This thesis is devoted to the design model of the lower limbs crash test dummies. It describes how the dummy developed historically, what are currently available for crash tests, what they are made and what their future will be. The main motive of the work is to design a model of lower limb for crash tests, with emphasis on the human anatomy. The work is characterized by how the figurine is produced using the form from material Thermolyne Clear, wood as a substitute human bones and the agar substitutes such as human muscle.

Background: The complexity of neurosurgical interventions demands innovative training solutions and standardized evaluation methods that in recent times have been the object of increased research interest. The objective is to establish an education curriculum on a phantom‑based training system incorporating theoretical and practical components for important aspects of brain tumor surgery. Methods: Training covers surgical planning of the optimal access path based on real patient data, setup of the navigation system including phantom registration and navigated craniotomy with real instruments. Nine residents from different education levels carried out three simulations on different data sets with varying tumor locations. Trainings were evaluated by a specialist using a uniform score system assessing tumor identification, registration accuracy, injured structures, planning and execution accuracy, tumor accessibility and required time. Results: Average scores improved from 16.9 to 20.4 between first and third training. Average time to craniotomy improved from 28.97 to 21.07 min, average time to suture improved from 37.83 to 27.47 min. Significant correlations were found between time to craniotomy and number of training (P < 0.05), between time to suture and number of training (P < 0.05) as well as between score and number of training (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The training system is evaluated to be a suitable training tool for residents to become familiar with the complex procedures of autonomous neurosurgical planning and conducting of craniotomies in tumor surgeries. Becoming more confident is supposed to result in less error‑prone and faster operation procedures and thus is a benefit for both physicians and patients.

自從1979年中國大陸開放改革以來，中國大陸吸引外商投資實際金額便不斷成長，從1997年到2006年，中國大陸吸引外商直接投資實際累計金額高達882.038億美元，儼然成為開發中國家吸引外資最大國。 事實上，許多文獻探討影響中國大陸外資的因素，不外乎經濟及政治方面的影響，但鮮少提及政治方面的影響，因此本文特別將中國大陸各省政治權力影響外資的情況提出討論，作為往後探討中國大陸外資的補充文章。 / Since the implementation of opening policies in 1979, China has increasingly utilized overseas funds actively to accelerate industrialization and industrial promotion. From the beginning of the “Open Door” policy in 1979 to 2006, China has received $882.038 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI). Indeed, China is the largest developing country of FDI. As a matter of fact, numerous political and economic reasons will attract FDI. This paper uses political power as a new variable that no one has considered it as a political factor of determining FDI before. Panel data analysis is adopted because this paper aims to examine the determinants of FDI distribution across provinces and over time. Therefore, this paper adopts panel data analysis. According to regression model, political power actually affects FDI positively but the effect of influence is decreasing in course of time. However, this paper specially investigates the impact of political power on FDI that no one has discussed before so this paper can be regarded as a complementary paper in studying FDI.

La marionnette, petite Marie d’après son étymologie, figure réduite à l’image de l’homme, être diminutif ou condensé, actrice « dramatico-végétale » selon l’écrivain Carlo Collodi, amuse, effraie ou fascine depuis toujours l’être humain. Nous en trouvons des traces dès l’Antiquité en occident. Telle l’automate Olympia dans L’Homme au sable d’Ernst Hoffmann, qui inspira à Freud le concept d’ « Inquiétante étrangeté », la marionnette fait douter le spectateur : celui-ci ressent une étrange impression à la vue d’un objet sans vie qui paraît animé, un malaise comparable à celui qu’il éprouve en voyant une personne se comporter en « Homme-machine » (La Mettrie).Ce travail propose d’explorer l’existence paradoxale des figures inanimées dans le but d’expliquer comment celles-ci semblent prendre vie, mourir ou ressusciter à l’envi. A quel projet artisanal ou fantasme démiurgique répond la fabrication des créatures artificielles ? Comment l’esprit vient aux objets ? Quelles parts occupent le mouvement impulsé par le manipulateur et les croyances et projections du spectateur dans ce mystérieux phénomène d’animation ? Ce travail qui s’inscrit dans le domaine des études théâtrales traverse d’autres champs disciplinaires, notamment la littérature, la psychanalyse, la philosophie, l’anthropologie et l’histoire. / The puppet, or marionnete, - little Marie etymologically –, a human model, in reduction, a diminutive or condensed creature, a « dramatico-vegetable » actor in the eyes of writer Carlo Collodi, has always amused, frightened or fascinated mankind. Traces of puppets are to be found early in western ancient times. In much the same way as the automaton Olympia, in Ernst Hoffmann's The Sand Man, inspired Freud's concept of « disquieting strangeness », (Unheimliche), the puppet creates doubt in the spectator's mind : the latter feels strange when viewing an inanimate object apparently gifted with life, an unease akin to that which one feels if confronted with a human behaving like a ' « Man-machine » (La Mettrie).This work aims at exploring the paradoxical world of inanimate figures in order to explain how those seem to acquire life, lose it or come to life again at will. To what craft project or demiurgic fantasy does the making of artificial creatures answer ? How does the soul come to those objects ? What are the shares of the motions impulsed by the puppet manipulator and the beliefs and projections of the spectators, in that mysterious phenomenon of animation. The present work, although fully belonging to the field of drama studies, crosses others, notably literature, psychoanalysis, philosophy, anthropology and history.

<p>I denna uppsats undersöker vi huruvida invandrare diskrimineras på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Vi undersöker även om förhållandet skiljer sig när vi endast tittar på gruppen kvinnor, och gör en jämförelse mellan svenskfödda kvinnor och invandrarkvinnor. Vi använder oss av två modeller för att estimera löneskillnader, dummyvariabel modellen och Blinder-Oaxaca modellen. Våra resultat ger tydliga indikationer på lönediskriminering gentemot invandrare, kvinnor och en ännu tydligare lönediskriminering gentemot invandrarkvinnor. Vi anser att invandrarkvinnor drabbas av en så kallad dubbel diskriminering, där den övriga populationen i genomsnitt ges 28,4% högre lön än invandrarkvinnor.</p> / <p>In this thesis we investigate whether immigrant are being discriminated on the Swedish labor market. We also examine if this differentiates itself when we put our focus on the women as a group and thereafter make comparison between Swedish born women and women born outside Sweden. We have employed two models in order to determine wage differences, the dummy variable model and the Blinder-Oaxaca model. Our results show a distinct indication of wage discrimination against immigrants, women and even a more comprehensive discrimination towards immigrant women. Immigrant women have in general 28,4% lower wage than the average population. According to our findings therefore, foreign women are subjects to double discrimination.</p>

<p>Mäklarbranschen har varit omskriven i media de senaste åren och förra året presenterades det nya lagförslaget på en ny fastighetsmäklarlag. I dag finns det ingen lag som reglerar mäklarens skyldighet att uppvisa budgivningslista efter avslutad budgivning. Dock säger det nya lagförslaget: ”En fastighetsmäklare ska vara skyldig att dokumentera budgivningsprocessen och att överlämna dokumentationen till köparen och säljaren när överlåtelseavtalet är slutet, den ska också syfta till att hindra mäklaren att presentera luftbud och därigenom pressa upp priset.” Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta reda på om lagförslaget kommer att resultera i tryggare budgivningar. Vi vill även ta reda på hur mäklarna ställer sig till budgivningsförfarandet i den nya lagen samt om deras förtroende kommer att stiga hos presumtiva köpare. Avslutningsvis vill vi även ta reda på om köparnas syn på budgivningar kommer att förändras med den nya lagen. Vi har arbetet med artiklar, studerat lagtext, utredningar, remissvar, mailkontakter samt genomfört djupintervjuer med fastighetsmäklare, köpare och en jurist. Mottagandet av den nya mäklarlagen är positivt från nästan alla håll. Man tror på ökat förtroende och en tryggare budgivning i samband med denna lagändring. Vår åsikt är att köparnas syn på budgivningar i framtiden kommer att förändras när de känner en ökad säkerhet med kommande lagstiftning.</p> / <p>The real estate industry have been well publicized in the media the recent years and last year a new draft law of the new real estate agent law were presented. Today there is now law governing the broker’s obligation to present the bidding list upon completion of bidding. However, the new draft law says: ”The broker should be obligated to document the bidding process and when the agreement is met, give the information to the seller and buyer, it should also aim to prevent the broker to present fake bids and thereby push up the price.” The purpose with this essay is to find out if the new law will result in safer auctions. We also want to find out how the real estate agents’ attitude to the bidding procedure in the new and if their trust will rise in potential buyers. Finally, we also want to find out whether the new law will change the buyers’ view on the bidding process. We have been working with articles, studied the text, inquiries, responses, email contacts, and conducted interviews with real estate agents, buyers and a lawyer. The reception of the new law is positive from almost all quarters. Due to the legislative change the, belief is that the trust will rise. The buyers’ view of the bidding process in the future will change when they feel greater safety in future legislation.</p>

Comment rendre plus attractives, efficaces, efficientes et pertinentes les institutions d'enseignement supérieur ? Cette question constitue une préoccupation majeure en ce début de millénaire qui voit grandir l'intérêt pour les questions relatives à l'Education en général et celles portant sur l'Université en particulier, même au sein d'institutions fortement marquées par leurs conceptions économico-financières du développement (Banque Mondiale, FMI, et autres bailleurs de fonds). Cette situation découle de la crise que connaît l'Université aussi bien dans les pays riches que dans les autres, bien qu'elle reste plus marquée dans ces derniers. En fait, elle est la résultante de mutations des missions de l'Université, de la raréfaction de ses ressources, de l'augmentation de ses charges, du fait notamment de la massification (quantitative et qualitative) de ses effectifs, de la faiblesse de son efficacité aux plans interne comme externe. Entre autres mesures correctives, la sélection à l'entrée a été retenue dans beaucoup d'Université dont l'U.C.A.D. Le présent travail est une contribution à la maîtrise des facteurs prédictifs de la performance des étudiants en première année. Il tente de dégager les pistes d'action pour arriver à une modélisation des déterminants de la réussite à l'université. Spécifique tant au plan contextuel (espace, discipline et période), méthodologique (empirisme et théorie, évaluation et prospective avec des données de types transversal et diachronique portant sur des étudiants satisfaisants ou non aux critères de sélection) qu'épistémologique (enjeux ontogénique, politique et pragmatique, articulation du quantitatif et du qualitatif et prise en compte du singulier et du commun), la recherche procède d'un raisonnement en trois étapes qui constituent trois études emboîtées. La préférence a été donnée à l'analyse des variances expliquées par les différentes variables prédictives et des coefficients de régression plutôt qu'à l'étude des coefficients de corrélation. Cette analyse est précédée d'une étude des évolutions des indicateurs macroscopiques (effectifs, taux de réussite, budgets, temps de transit) et des erreurs commises dans la sélection. La Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'U.C.A.D. a été retenue comme terrain de la recherche. Nous avons pu y étudier un échantillon comprenant à la fois des étudiants satisfaisant aux critères de sélection et des étudiants ne satisfaisant pas à ces critères. En général, quand il s'agit d'évaluer une procédure de sélection à l'entrée d'un programme de formation, ce dernier groupe, parce que les personnes qui la constituent ne sont pas autorisées à suivre les programmes de formation visés, n'est pas pris en compte. En fait, il est impossible d'avoir les données les concernant. Dans notre cas, il nous a donc été possible de faire des comparaisons. / How to make more attractive, effective, efficient and relevant the institutions of higher education? This question constitutes a major concern at this beginning of millennium which sees growing the interest for the questions relating to Education in general and those bearing about the University in particular, even within institutions strongly marked by their economic-financial designs of the development (the World Bank, the IMF, and other backers). This situation rises from the crisis as the University in the rich countries as in the others undergoes as well, although it remains more marked in the latter. In fact, it is the resultant of changes of the missions of the University, of the rarefaction of its resources, the increase in its loads, and the fact in particular of the massification (quantitative and qualitative) of its numbers, of the weakness of its effectiveness in the domestic fronts like external. Inter alias corrective measurements, the selection at the entry was retained in much University of which the U.C.A.D. This work is a contribution to the mastery of the predictive factors of the performance of the first-year students. It tries to release the tracks of action to arrive at a formalization of the determinants of the success at the university. Specific so much to the contextual plan (space, discipline and period), methodological (empiricism and theory, evaluation and futurology with data of the types transverse and diachronic bearing on satisfactory students or not with the criteria of selection) that epistemological (stakes ontogenetic, policy and pragmatic, articulation of quantitative and qualitative and taken into account of the singular and the common run), research proceeds of a reasoning in three stages which constitute three encased studies. The preference was given to the analysis variances explained by the various predictive variables and of the coefficients of regression rather than being studied of the coefficients of correlation. This analysis is preceded by a study of the evolutions of the macroscopic indicators (effective, rate of rate of success, budgets, time of transit) and the errors made in the selection. Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of U.C.A.D. was retained like field of research. There we could study a sample including/understanding at the same time students satisfying the criteria of selection and the students not satisfying these criteria. In general, when it is a question of evaluating a procedure of selection to the entry of a training scheme, this last group, because the people which constitute it are not authorized to follow the training schemes concerned, is not taken into account. In fact, it is impossible to have the data with regard to them. In our case, it was thus possible to us to make comparisons.

Great loads occur on human body in traffic accidents. Children body have less resistance to these loads. Child Restraint Systems (CRS) are the safety elements used in vehicles for children. In this study, the overturning and the dynamic test setups for CRS, have been designed and analysed according to United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Regulation No 44 (ECE R44). After manufacturing of the test setups, four different types of CRSs sold in Turkish market have been selected to evaluate their performance according to ECE R44. Each seat has been used once for the tests. The tests have been performed and evaluated according to the performances of CRSs for the dynamic test head displacement limit criterion, the acceleration limit criterion, the abdominal penetration criterion and the overturning head displacement limit criterion. 11 overturning tests and 8 dynamic tests at the sled test facility available in METU-BILTIR Center Vehicle Safety Unit have been conducted. In the tests, P-series 3 years, 6 years and 10 years old child test dummies have been used. During the dynamic tests, 3-axial accelerometer, high-g high speed camera and data acquisition system are also used to gather the test data. 8 more dynamic test with unlocked vehicle safety belt which is improper usage and commonly encountered in real life. As the result of the tests, none of the CRSs succeed in the tests for child seats which are supposed to be used by 3-6 years old children according to ECE R 44 Group II.

I denna uppsats undersöker vi huruvida invandrare diskrimineras på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Vi undersöker även om förhållandet skiljer sig när vi endast tittar på gruppen kvinnor, och gör en jämförelse mellan svenskfödda kvinnor och invandrarkvinnor. Vi använder oss av två modeller för att estimera löneskillnader, dummyvariabel modellen och Blinder-Oaxaca modellen. Våra resultat ger tydliga indikationer på lönediskriminering gentemot invandrare, kvinnor och en ännu tydligare lönediskriminering gentemot invandrarkvinnor. Vi anser att invandrarkvinnor drabbas av en så kallad dubbel diskriminering, där den övriga populationen i genomsnitt ges 28,4% högre lön än invandrarkvinnor. / In this thesis we investigate whether immigrant are being discriminated on the Swedish labor market. We also examine if this differentiates itself when we put our focus on the women as a group and thereafter make comparison between Swedish born women and women born outside Sweden. We have employed two models in order to determine wage differences, the dummy variable model and the Blinder-Oaxaca model. Our results show a distinct indication of wage discrimination against immigrants, women and even a more comprehensive discrimination towards immigrant women. Immigrant women have in general 28,4% lower wage than the average population. According to our findings therefore, foreign women are subjects to double discrimination.