Waste is a big problem in the textile industry; one area of waste is cut off selvedges from the weaving industry. This degree work in textile design questions the need and motivation to produce fully new textiles, choosing instead to use waste material in order to create sustainable design. The work aims to apply waste selvedges in a textile design context by using it in handweaving, as both warp and weft. This project also explores food waste as dyestuff, dyeing selvedge waste with it, achieving a large variety of colours. Using selvedge waste in both warp and weft, along with dyeing using food waste, brought many possibilities in both technique and aestethics, as well as expanding the sustainable perspective in textile design by challenging the use of waste from textile and food production. The result is three handwoven examples with varying expressions, created to bring inspiration for others to use waste selvedges as a material.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out the change of the hue lightness saturation after the change of composition of dyeing liquor. The reactive dye Bezaktiv rot S-B was used for dyeing cotton. Dyeing was performed in the laboratory by exhaustion method with two concentrations of dye 0,5 and 2 %. The influence of the change of alkali and electrolyte concentration additions to dyeing bath liquor at different liquors dye ratio was studied. Sodium chloride and Glauber's salt as elektrolyte were used. The dyed samples were washed and then fixed by two types of fixative agents REWIN ACP and REWIN EL. After that the measurement of hue control and the evaluation of fastness to water and rubbing fastness were done. The results were displayed in L*a*b* space and CIE differences between chosen standards and samples were performed by Datacolor International DC 3890.

Some people experience music as colourful patterns or feel it as a physical touch, they have synesthesia. A neurological condition in which a stimulus of one sense automatically and involuntarily triggers a sensation in another sense. This shows that perception is not normative. The aim of this work is to try to develop an understanding of this phenomenon by using textile dyeing and patchwork as a tool for my investigation of it. Another aim is to raise awareness and try to see if it is possible for a non synesthete to experience something similar to the complex intersensory connections as those with synesthesia have. The sum of all perceptions of a human, after it has been processed by their own mind, can result in something that is not just the sum of each individual perception, but something that can at the end be quite different from what  might be expected. This motivated the title, and furthermore leads naturally into the Gestalt theory of perception, which is used as the major theoretical framework for this paper.

The textile industry is developing at a fast pace, and is constantly changing. It is constantly evolving new methods for recycling and further research is important for future needs. The ability to recycle a textile blended material is a step towards a more sustainable industry. There are however different difficulties around the various processes that have to be removed for recycling. The purpose of the study is to find methods for removing dyes from polyester and cotton blended textile waste for recycling. To investigate the subject, a literature study combined with interviews with experts was performed. The results of the study shows that it is possible to remove dye from cotton and polyester individually. To remove dye from cotton chlorine and hydrogen peroxide are used. Another method is to use a reducing agent hydrosulphite and after use together with lye. There are several ways to remove colour from polyester, although it will almost always have a residue of colour left. One can either melt the pigment into the fibre by using heat. Another method is to use chemicals which increase the amorphous areas in the fibres and the colour will be penetrated. Finally, when investigating a method for removing dye from a polyester and cotton textile blend. The study has highlighted the need of developing new methods without destroying the quality of the fibres. By this study it has been concluded removing dye from fibres are difficult but can be achieved with certain chemicals and processes. It is concluded in the study, removing dye from polyester and cotton individually can be succeed. However, removing colour from a blended fabric is rather difficult. The study has focus on discussing the difficulties when decolouring a blended textile.

This study examines the dye plants in the Texas plains region and the extent of their dye-producing qualities. It describes the interest in handicrafts, lack of information on vegetable dyes in plains region, and a variety of other dye details.

This degree work positions itself in the field of textile design, more specifically in non-woven, color blending, felting, and interaction. The work explores different techniques such as mechanical felting with needle punch, wet felting to manipulate forms, and carding, with a focus on color blending. The aimis to explore the design possibilities in non-woven wool in regards to color blending color gradients. The motivation for the project is to bring textile design into a wider context, and to investigate how the combination of blending colored fibers and felting techniques can create double-sided textiles. Through a hands-on method, explorations were carried out using two textile techniques; Color blending and needle punching. Loose wool fibers were dyed in the three primary colors, then carded into a range of saturated colors, which gave a rich color library to work further on with. Wet felting was used to bond, create non-woven material and make 3-dimensional forms. The result is three pieces in 100% non-woven wool with different color gradients which encourage interaction. The conclusion is that it is possible to work with an alternative color blending method (wool carding) in non-woven in order to create color gradations. The project shows that the field of textile design is expanded by pushing the boundaries of how a textile designer can work with these techniques.

Concerns about the environmental impact of the textile industry are increasing, and there is an urgent need to develop and implement sustainable technologies. In particular, the environmental impact of dyeing, which emits a large amount of wastewater and chemicals, is one production process that needs to be resolved. Dyeing using supercritical carbon dioxide is attracting attention as a technology that uses carbon dioxide as a solvent instead of water and eliminates liquid waste from the process. It is a development that allows dyeing to be carried out with less energy and a lower environmental impact. In this study, the experiment was done on the application of this supercritical carbon dioxide technology to the dyeing of natural indigo cotton. The aim of study is contribution to the development of dyeing methods with less environmental impact. Natural indigo has the hydrophobicity and non polar which might be compatible scCO2 dyeing, a sustainable and biodegradable dye, offers eco-friendly advantages and poses no harm to humans. In contrast, synthetic indigo raises concerns about waste generation and environmental persistence. It is suggested that the possibility of natural indigo in renewable raw materials could be used to create eco-experiences not only in the textile industry but also in new areas, such as in coatings, design and biodegradable products. The experimental results showed that dyed cotton fabric using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent but small coloration and polyethylene glycol as a swelling agent improved dyeability, but mathematical describing was still small. Swelling agent can support the dye penetration into cotton fabric for better coloration. Changes in dyeability were also observed by increasing the process parameters. In the future, it is hoped that the technology can be scaled up to the industrial level and contribute to reducing the environmental impact of the dyeing of denim, a product that has a significant impact on the market, and to reducing the environmental impact and water scarcity of the textile industry as a whole.

Pretreatment of the textile dye wastewater was accomplished using reducing agents. The reducing agents studied were sodium hydrosulfite, thiourea dioxide, and sodium borohydride. Preliminary tests were conducted using just the reducing agents. Although there was color reduction, the reduced wastewater was inhibitory to biological degradation. Additional tests were conducted with sodium hydrosulfite. These included reductions followed by pH adjustment, nutrient addition, pH adjustment and nutrient addition, and lime addition. These tests were also successful in reducing the color but were not biologically degradable. Reduction of the dye wastewater followed by oxidation, however, provided positive results (color reduction and biodegradation). A series of reduction/oxidation experiments on the textile wastewater were performed: treatment of 17 percent, 33 percent, 67 percent, and 100 percent of the textile wastewater stream. The wastewater is composed of 75 percent textile and 25 percent municipal wastewater. For the 17, 33, and 67 percent of the textile wastewater pretreated with reduction/oxidation, untreated textile and municipal wastewater were added before transfer into sequencing batch reactors for biological treatment. For the 100 percent textile wastewater stream, the initial, untreated parameters were: 2650 American Dye Manufactures Institute (ADMI) color; 780 mg/L COD; 211 mg/L TOC; and 182 mg/L BOD. The reduction/oxidation pretreatment followed by biological treatment resulted in effluent values of 615 ADMI color (77 percent reduction), 310 mg/L COD (60 percent reduction), 82 mg/L TOC (61 percent reduction), and 62 mg/L BOD (66 percent reduction). / Master of Science

The decolorization of reactive dye-containing waste streams using oxidizing chemicals and the determination of the effect of the oxidizing agents on the subsequent biotreatment of the streams was investigated. Three oxidizing schemes were chosen for study: molecular ozone, base-promoted ozonation, and Fenton’s reagent (Fe²⁺ and H₂O₂). The ADMI color value of the solutions was used as the primary parameter for color comparison and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal was the measure of the effect of biodegradation. Three different waste streams from a textile dyeing facility were chosen: a Navy slack washer effluent from a pad-dyeing operation, a Navy dyebath effluent from a dyejet, and a Brilliant Blue dyejet effluent. Pure dye solutions were oxidized as well to determine the effect of interfering species in the waste streams. The results demonstrated that base-promoted ozonation was more effective than molecular ozone for the decolorization of the Navy slack washer effluent. In both cases the ADMI color value could be decreased by 82% but almost half as much ozone was necessary for the high pH trials. The high pH ozonation proved more effective for the Navy jet-dye effluent, as well, achieving a much lower color value with less ozone. Greater decolorization (96%) of the Navy jet-dye effluent was achieved by Fenton’s reagent than for either of the ozonation schemes. Ozonation of the Brilliant Blue jet-dye bath showed no dependence on pH and the color value of the solution was reduced could be 63%. The results indicate that the dyes were selectively oxidized by ozonation and the amount of ozone required for decolorization depended mainly the initial color of the dye waste stream. The amount of hydrogen peroxide required for Fenton’s reagent oxidation depended on the initial DOC of the dye waste stream. Oxidation of the wastewater streams proved to neither enhance nor hinder the operation of the biological reactors. The color removals by biological activity were minimal for both control and experimental reactors. Dissolved carbon removal was not enhanced by oxidative pretreatment. / Master of Science / incomplete_metadata

The ability to leach dyestuffs contained in municipal sludge using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) was investigated. In addition to the dyestuffs, metals and other organic compounds which also leached were identified. Only small amounts of color were detected in the TCLP extracts; the mean ADMI color values for undigested and aerobically digested sludges were 240 and 156 ADMI color units respectively. Concentrations of individual dyes that may have leached into the TCLP extracts were below detection limits. The reactive vinyl sulfone aniline moiety, which is released as a reduction product from the Remazol dyes used in the cellulosic textile dyeing industry, was found in the leachate from the sludge not treated by extended aerobic digestion. In the leachate from the sludge treated by extended aerobic digestion the reactive vinyl sulfone aniline reduction product was not found, suggesting that this compound was destroyed or rendered immobile by aerobic digestion. Metals leached from the sludge in trace amounts from 0.05 μg/L up to 1 mg/L. Several organic compounds detected in influent wastewater and in leachate from undigested sludge were not found in the leachate from digested sludge. / Master of Science