Denna studie har som syfte till att undersöka två dagstidningars och tre resetidningars framställning av Dark Tourism samt ta reda på vilka skillnader och likheter framställningarna har. Målet är även att finna en djupgående uppfattning av Dark Tourism och de olika perspektiven och gemensamma dragen som finns i artiklarna. Det empiriska materialet består av 25 artiklar varav 15 stycken kommer från dagstidningar och 10 stycken kommer ifrån resetidningar. En kritisk diskursanalys har tillämpats som metod i denna studie och resultaten visar att två olika diskurser, varav den ena är melankolisk och den andra är sangvinisk, präglar tidningsgenrerna. Det framgår även att diskurserna som råder i tidningarna kan ha en stor påverkan på människors uppfattning av fenomenet Dark Tourism. / This study aims to examine two daily newspapers and three travel magazines’ production of Dark Tourism, and find out what differences and similarities the petitions have. The aim is also to find an in-depth understanding of Dark Tourism and the different perspectives and common features found in the articles. The empirical material consists of 25 articles, of which 15 were from daily newspapers and 10 come from travel magazines. A critical discourse analysis has been applied as a method in this study and the results show that two different discourses, one of which is melancholic and the other is sanguine, characterizes these journal genres. It is also clear that the discourses that prevail in the newspapers can have a big impact on people's perception of the phenomenon of Dark Tourism.   Keywords: Dark Tourism, Discourse, Newspaper Articles, Critical Discourse Analysis, Media

Denna studie avser att undersöka hur arbetsförhållanden för sportjournalister i Sverige ser ut. Den avser även att se huruvida det skett några förändringar över tid, i takt med ett förändrat medieklimat med teknisk utveckling och en hägrande "tidningsdöd". Uppsatsen bygger på frågeställningen "Hur ser yrkesverksamma sportjournalister på sina arbetsförhållanden i relation till det föränderliga medieklimatet?" och "Hur ser sportjournalister på nya digitala verktyg såsom sociala medier och ökad profilering i samband med den digitala utvecklingen? Arbetet baseras på sju stycken kvalitativa intervjuer som konstruerats efter teori kring sportjounalistik, mediekonvergens, samt en tidigare studie av David Hesmondhalgh & Sarah Baker om arbetsförhållanden i de kreativa näringarna i Storbritannien. Intervjurespondenterna bestod avav sju stycken sportjournalister, med minst tio års erfarenhet av yrket. Studiens huvudsakliga resultat visar att sportjournalister idag ofta har väldigt späckade arbetsdagar, med många timmar och fler arbetsuppgifter än tidigare. Detta är speciellt tydligt under stora evenemang, såsom fotbolls-VM och OS, då arbetsdagarna blir extremt hektiska och långa. Journalisterna känner också en, i olika grad, oro och osäkerhet kring deras arbete, i takt med en ökande konkurrens och tidninsbranschens kris. Tidningars steg till webben har gjort att journalisterna upplever en ökad stress att leverera snabbt och det finns tankar om en försämrad kvalité. Uppkomsten av social media har gjort att journalisterna har funnit nya sätt att hämta information på, men det har även betytt att det blivit lättare för läsare att bedöma och kritisera deras arbete, vilket kan drabba dem hårt. / Title: “Are we live now?” - A study about the role of the sports journalist and the working conditions in the changing media landscape Author: Joakim Almén & Joacim Clarin Tutor: Lowe Hedman Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to study how the working conditions for sports journalists in Sweden appear and whether there have been changes in relation to the changing media landscape, with the upcoming of new technologies and the emerging crisis within the media business. The key question to answer is how the sports journalist feel about their working situations? In which way have the movement towards the web and the newspaper crisis affected them? Method/Material: The material in this paper consists of seven interviews with prominent sports journalists, all with ten or more years experience in the business. The interviews were all based on theory regarding sports journalism and media convergence, and a former study by David Hesmondhalgh & Sarah Baker, regarding the working conditions in the "creative business" in Great Britain. Main Results: The main results shows that the sports journalists often have long working days, especially during big events such as the World Cup in football and the Olympic Games, with little time for rest. The journalists have also been assigned more tasks than before, which makes their work very hectic. The journalists feel an uncertainty, in various degrees, regarding their job and the crisis within the business, with economic cuts and the increasing competition. The movement towards the web has made their work more stressful in regards to needs to write and publish faster, which in turn has created a concern for poor quality in what they create. The upcoming of social media works in two ways, either as a journalistic tool or a way in wich the public can share their critizism or abuse the journalists.

The under-representation of women in the media has been contested by gender activists the world over. Studies have indicated that women are more likely to be portrayed as models on advertising bill-boards than as serious news sources. Why are women continually portrayed in a narrow range of roles? If visual representation is a means of how we make sense of the world and women are continually portrayed in a narrow range of roles and particularly as second-class citizens, does that not shape our understanding of the world? One of the critical areas of concern of the study was the construction, selection and production of gender images in the print media. In the case of Post newspaper, it is the media workers who, in order to boost the sales of the newspaper, select a model with a “pretty face” for their front pages. Surely there is more to these women than their physical beauty? According to the findings, models are selected for their attractive features. Photographs are carefully composed, enhancing the model?s appealing attributes. Thereafter the selection of photographs is done by the photographer, sub-editor and editor and produced in weekly editions of Post. At the time of the interview, the team of selectors was entirely male. Does this have a bearing on the selection of photographs? According to the findings, it does! When women journalists offer their suggestions during the selection process, they are completely disregarded. Based on the findings regarding the selection of photographs, it is evident that there is a bias towards the opinions of the males in the newsroom, in particular the editor. It is evident that the Post does not reflect Indian women on the cover of Post, instead it contributes to the gender stereotype of women depicted as models rather than news sources. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka om Jönköpings-Postens övergång till tabloid haft någon inverkan på tidningens innehåll. Frågeställningen som arbetet bygger på är om Jönköpings-Posten uppvisar tendenser på tabloidisering i sitt innehåll i samband med formatförändringen den 7 november 2013. Material och metod: Materialet utgörs av sex tidningar, totalt 12 delar, i tryckt format från Jönköpings-Posten kring tiden för formatbytet. En kvantitativ innehållsanalys har använts som metod där begreppet tabloidisering operationaliserats. Resultat: Sammantaget går det inte att utläsa en entydig ökning av tabloidiseringstendenserna. Det är först vid en närmare granskning av resultatet som det går att upptäcka tendenser på tabloidisering i tidningens innehåll. Resultaten är många gånger tvetydiga och skulle utifrån tidigare forskning och teorier tala både för och emot en tabloidisering på samma gång. En slutsats som dras gällande Jönköpings-Posten är att tidningen endast i viss mån uppvisar tecken på tabloidisering i sitt innehåll i samband med övergången till tabloid. Studien stödjer endast delvis den tidigare forskningens uppfattning om att ett förändrat format också innebär ett förändrat innehåll. / Aim: The aim of this study is to examine if there´s been any affects in the content of the newspaper regarding the transition of Jönköpings-Posten going tabloid. The primary question that this study is based upon is if Jönköpings-Posten shows tendencies regarding tabloidization in the content due to the shift of the format 7th of November 2013. Material and method: The material contains of six newspapers from Jönköpings-Posten, totally 12 parts, in printed format around the time of the shift. A quantitative content analysis has been used as a method where the notion tabloidization has been operationalized. Conclusion: As a whole it is not possible to gather a straightforward increase of the tabloidization tendencies. It is not until a closer review of the result been made which tendencies of tabloidization in the content of the newspaper can be identified. The results are many times ambiguous and should regard to earlier research and theories speak for and against a tabloidization at the same time. One conclusion that is drawn concerning Jönköpings-Posten is that the newspaper only in a certain degree show signs of tabloidization in its content, in relation to the shift to tabloid. The study only partially supports the earlier opinion of previous research where a changed format also contributes to a changed content.

This essay is about commercialization as a concept and expression in journalism, since there is a concern that what sells is what have been put on the agenda.  Journalisms main purpose is to provide citizens with an insight into the world beyond their own experiences and give people a social perspective. Commercial materials are often available in many different media, some people say that the commercialization threaten democracy and impair quality journalism.   As more people choose to consume and read the newspaper over the weekend the purpose of this essay is to examine if the commercialization increased in the newspaper Aftonbladet during weekends / holidays, and to investigate how much the commercialization takes place in the newspaper. We also wanted to see which news topic that permeated the newspaper. Through a quantitative content analysis we investigated the empirical material gathered during 14 days (230415-060515) of the daily press Aftonbladet, where the advertisements and articles were analyzed units. Altogether, it became 1115 units of analysis that showed that the commercialization increased by 6% during weekends / holidays. The survey also showed that the newspaper Aftonbladet consists of nearly half commercialization and the news topic entertainment and ads were the dominant subjects. With agenda setting theory and priming we were able to analyze and discuss what was found.

Work groups are a major component of newspaper newsrooms. Similar to other organizations, newsrooms divide employees into work groups based on work roles and titles such as reporters, graphic artists, and photographers. Studies have shown that although intergroup bias can help group members to create and maintain a positive view themselves, it can also contribute to members' levels of alienation toward opposing work groups.Based on the premise that group-based interactions may be negatively affecting newspaper productivity, the purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between reporters, designers, and photographers in Midwestern newsrooms. From this study, it was found that ingroup favoritism is more prominent among reporters than designers and photographers. It was also determined that education plays a role in the formation of in- and out-groups in the newsroom. Additionally, it was found that job satisfaction has little or no bearing on an employee's level of bias or ingroup favoritism within the newsroom. / Department of Journalism

This thesis makes use of an online survey to study the current state of language use among newspapers in the American Midwest. Specifically, it examines editors’ attitudes toward and adaptation to changed language over the course of the last fifteen years. Those years have seen a general relaxation of language-use standards in the allowance of profanity, as well as changes brought about by emerging electronic media including the Internet and text messaging. The survey results indicate editors are gradually reacting to these changes, as opposed to leading the charge for change themselves. / Department of Journalism

This study explores the differences in attitude held by newspaper photographers and designers concerning the acceptability of digitally altering front-page photographs. It takes its findings from a summer 2006 survey that asked these two newsroom groups to rate their acceptance of certain common techniques used to change photographs from their original forms. Their answers revealed that designers are generally more accepting of altered photographs than their photographer colleagues. Also, photographers are more likely to find acceptable those photographs altered for technical reasons than for aesthetic ones. Least acceptable to photographers, this study finds, are alterations that affect a photograph's content. / Department of Journalism

Fourteen Malawian news editors Q-sorted fifty-four stories under two situations: their real environment which is a developmental press system, and a hypothetical ideal situation emulating a western libertarian system. The Qconcourse was constructed using eighteen news value combinations developed by Water Ward through a 3x3x2 factorial design. The stories were sorted along an eleven point bi-polar continuum from "most likely to use" to "least likely to use."The study showed that in an ideal situation, all Malawian editors selected stories with conflict, known principal and impact. In their own situations, the editors split into two: Pro-government Editors who selected known principal, conflict and magnitude stories; and Privatelyowned Newspaper Editors who valued known principal and impact, followed by conflict and oddity. Despite the use of these news elements, the study showed that environmental factors in their own situations such as organizational policy and ownership also influenced story choices. Progovernment Editors would rather use a "normality" story, than use one with conflict, impact and known principal, but speaking ill of government. / Department of Journalism

Periods of crisis communication are uncertain, at best, for any organization dealing with a product tampering. This study examined how the public would use the media to gain information about the product tampering, if there would be a difference between newspaper and television usage, and what gratifications the public would seek from the media.The hypothesis stated that there would be no significant difference in media use during product tampering cases between newspapers and television. Three hundred eighty-eight households, the number needed for statistical reliability, were surveyed by telephone in the Muncie, Indiana, area. Results of the data supported the hypothesis. / Department of Journalism