Les papiers imprégnés de résine ont été largement utilisés dans la fabrication de stratifiés pour des panneaux de bois. Généralement, l'imprégnation du papier implique l’utilisation de resins mélamine-formaldéhyde, urée-formaldéhyde et melamine-formaldéhyde-urée. Cependant, ces matériaux sont coûteux lorsqu'ils sont utilisés en grande quantité et ils proviennent de ressources non renouvelables. Par conséquent, dans ce travail, nous avons préparé des papiers imprégnés de résines tannins furanique pour remplacer les résines mélamine-formaldéhyde et d'urée-formaldéhyde lors de l'imprégnation des papiers. Les résines tannins furaniques sont composées de deux matières naturelles principales: a) le tannin de mimosa qui est non-toxique, respectueux de l'environnement et relativement peu coûteux qui remplace la résine synthétique et b) de l'alcool furfurylique obtenu par réduction catalytique du furfural, un composé naturel obtenu par l'hydrolyse des sucres dérivés des déchets agricoles. Les tannins sont des composés phénoliques naturels extraits des écorces des arbres et qui ont été utilisés dans l'industrie depuis de nombreuses années comme adhésifs pour la production de panneaux de bois. Mais il n’y a pas jamais eu jusqu’à présent des recherches sur leurs utilisations dans la fabrication des stratifiés. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié : 1) Le temps de gel entre des tannins de mimosa et des tannins de pin avec de l'alcool furfurylique, sans ajout de formaldéhyde de pH 1 à pH 11 2) L’analyse MALDI-TOF et RMN des tannins de mimosa avec de l'alcool furfurylique 3) La qualité de la surface du contreplaqué recouvert d’un papier imprégné de résine tannins de mimosa-alcool furfurylique 4) Les stratifiés de 10 plis à haute pression (HPL) ont été préparés avec de la résine tannins de mimosa-alcool furfurylique. La qualité de surface des HPL et les propriétés mécaniques du contreplaqué recouvert avec ces HPL ont été examinées. 5) Les stratifiés de 10 plis à haute pression ont été préparés avec de la résine de tannins de mimosa - alcool furfurylique en milieu acide. Les qualités de surface des HPL ont été comparées avec celles des HPL preparés avec une résine phénol-formaldéhyde / Resin impregnated papers have been widely used in manufacturing laminates for wood panels. Generally, paper impregnation involves melamine formaldehyde, melamine urea formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde resin. However, these materials are expensive when used in high quantity and derived from non renewable resources. Therefore, in this work we prepared tannin furanic resin impregnated paper to replace melamine formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde in the paper impregnation. Tannin furanic resin composed of two main natural materials: a) mimosa tannins which is non-toxic, environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive to substitute the synthetic resin and b) furfuryl alcohol obtained by catalytic reduction of furfural, a natural compound obtained by the hydrolysis of sugars derived from agricultural waste. Tannins are naturally occurring phenolic compounds extracted from the bark trees that have been used industrially for many years as wood panel adhesives but no distance work have been done to study their potential in paper laminates. In this work, we studied: 1) The gel time between mimosa and pine tannin with furfuryl alcohol without the addition of formaldehyde from pH 1 to pH 11 2) The MALDI-TOF and NMR of mimosa tannin with furfuryl alcohol 3) The surface quality of the plywood overlaid with mimosa tannin- furfuryl alcohol resin 4) 10-ply high pressure laminates (HPL) were prepared with mimosa tannin- furfuryl alcohol resin. The surface quality of the HPL and the mechanical properties of plywood overlaid with this HPL were examined. 5) 10-ply high pressure laminates were prepared with mimosa tannin- furfuryl alcohol resin in the acid condition. The surface quality of the prepared HPL were compared with PF

The objective of this research is to contribute to knowledge and understanding by exploring: first, the professional identities of English General Practitioners (GPs) and other clinicians in the newly-formed Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) and second, their level of involvement in CCG ‘calculative practices’ (Miller, 1990, 2001). The institutional field studied is acute care, i.e. hospital, commissioning in contemporary England. To achieve its objective, this thesis asks four research questions: 1) ‘How appropriate is it for clinicians to be involved in CCG acute care commissioning?’ 2) What motivates clinicians to assume leadership roles in CCGs?’ 3) How involved are clinicians in CCG calculative practices?’ and 4) To what extent do hybridity and calculative practices affect clinicians’ professional identities in CCGs?’ The theoretical framework used is based on the concept of ‘calculative practices’ and elements of the Institutional Logics Theory (ILT). This research employs three research methods – documents’ content analysis, semi-structured, in-person interviews, and non-participant observation of CCG meetings with the public and NHS conferences. The interview subjects are NHS managers and accountants, as well as clinicians. This thesis answers the four research questions and then proposes some additional, incidental to this research findings and contributions to policy/legislation and practice. In conclusion, this study deliberates on the viability of the purchaser-provider split of the early 1990s that established the foundations and raison d’être of CCG commissioning and dwells on the possibility that one day the general taxation-funded and free at the point of service National Health Service (NHS) in England may cede its way to a US-inspired model of full blown privatisation.

Ghana’s government implemented the following World Bank programmes: SAP and PRSP. This thesis shows that SAP and PRSP have impacted Ghana in different ways. Sometimes SAP and PRSP worked. Other times both SAP and PRSP had problems and they did not work. SAP created more negative impacts or problems in Ghana than PRSP. The influence of neoliberalism on Ghana’s SAP cannot be ignored. This is because the tenets of neoliberalism include the withdrawal of government subsidies, high productivity, the cutting down of government expenditures or spending and privatization. The withdrawal of government subsidy was seen in the Education and Health sectors of Ghana. In the Education sector under SAP, the government cut down its subsidy to the Ghana Education Service. Then it introduced a programme called “Cost Sharing” in which students and their parents were asked to contribute to the payment of expenditures in providing education in Ghana. Many parents could not afford it, and this led to many school dropouts and a gap in the education of boys and girls. In the health sector, the Ghanaian government cut down its subsidy under SAP. It introduced the “Cash and Carry System,” in which Ghanaians were asked to contribute to the cost of health delivery services. This became a problem for many. Healthcare services became inaccessible for many Ghanaians as well. In the manufacturing sector, under SAP, the rate of productivity fell. Ghana’s products in the world market experienced volatility or fluctuations in prices. In the mining sector the influence of neoliberalism was on privatization. Based on this principle, the government privatized Ghana’s mining sector. It put in place policies that attracted investments into Ghana to do mining. These mining activities contributed significantly to Ghana’s economy. But these mining activities also caused the problem of dislocation of people, loss of farmlands, along with environmental and health problems. SAP had more negative impacts on Ghana. PRSP also impacted Ghana because it attempted to address the problems SAP created in many sectors, including Education, Health, mining, manufacturing sectors. I conclude by saying that although SAP made some contributions to Ghana’s economy especially in the mining sector, it created more problems in the Education, Health, Mining and Manufacturing sectors. PRSP attempted to address them. Thus it cannot be said that both SAP and PRSP impacted Ghana equally in a more positive way. But rather it can said that (1) SAP created more problems in Ghana and PRSP on the other hand attempted to address them.(2)The later developments taking place indicate that the civil society participation in PRSP is having an impact in Ghana.

The main topic of this thesis is the perspective of young people within political party structures. The author bases her research on the assumption that, in the Czech Republic, the younger generation of party members is not sufficiently represented within political parties, and that political parties do not create ballot papers that fairly represent the young candidates. However, the author also assumes that Czech political parties are aware of the under-representation of young politicians within their structures, and consistently try to work with this. The objective of this dissertation is, therefore, to more explicitly explain whether and if so then how Czech political parties officially define the position of young people within the inner structures of the parties, how large the representation of young people is on ballot papers for representative bodies, and to demonstrate how Czech political parties generally approach this issue.The author defines the young political generation as people over 18 but under 35 years old. The research section of this thesis is based on an analysis of official regulations of chosen political parties. An analysis of the ballot papers of the same political parties for the 2013 Chamber of Deputies election and for the 2012 regional representative bodies election was also carried out.The approach of political parties to their youngest members is based on a survey carried out by the author.

Under året som gått har den digitala kommunikationen ökat drastiskt. En hel värld har blivit påverkad. Digitala verktyg och plattformar har varit en förutsättning för ett fungerande samhälle och för att hålla kontakten med andra människor. I det här examensarbetet ville vi genom grafisk design utforska och lyfta analog kommunikation och vilken rollden spelar idag. Det finns något väldigt fint i mötet mellan papper och penna. Något personligt som går förlorat när budskap digitaliseras. På papper kan vi skri- va ner våra innersta tankar, till oss själva eller till någon annan. Vi kan också använda pappret för att klottra ner små krumelurer, skissa, måla eller på annat sätt sätta vår personliga prägel. Vi ser det här som ett sätt att hant- verka och det är just hantverk som är vår röda tråd. Med vårt projekt vill vi belysa traditionellt hantverk i vår samtid och uppmuntra till personlig kommunikation. / Digital communication has increased drastically during the past year. An entire world has been affected. Digital tools and platforms have been crucial for a functioning society and for us to be able to keep in touch with other people. In this thesis, we wanted to explore analog commu- nication through graphic design and highlight what role it plays today. There is something beautiful inthe meeting between paper and pencil. Something personal that might be lost when messages are digi- tized. On paper, we can write down our innermost thoughts, to ourselves or to someone close to us. The paper can also be used when we doodle, sketch, paint or when we in other ways add a personal touch. We see this as a way of crafting and craftsmanship is our common thread. With our project, we want to shed light on traditional crafts and encourage personal communication.

Die vorliegende Sammlung ausgewählter Seminararbeiten zu aktuellen Themen aus dem Bereich des Software Engineering ubiquitärer Systeme bietet einen detaillierten Überblick über die zentralen Aspekte dieses spannenden Forschungsfelds. Im ersten Themenkomplex werden zunächst die vielfältigen Interaktionstechnologien und -möglichkeiten ubiquitärer Systeme vorgestellt. Dies umfasst unter anderem Beiträge zu multimodaler Interaktion, Augmented Reality, RFID und ubiquitären Lernumgebungen. Der inhaltliche Fokus der beiden nachfolgenden Abschnitte liegt auf Kontextsensitivität, Adaptivität und intelligenten Umgebungen sowie auf den hierdurch entstehenden Herausforderungen für existierende Softwareentwicklungsmodelle und Evaluationsmethoden interaktiver ubiquitärer Systeme. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt bilden die Technologien und Prozesse in cyber-physikalischen Systemen, welche in verschiedenen Arbeiten zum Themenbereich Smart Home und Ambient Assisted Living näher beleuchtet werden. Abschließend werden mit Beiträgen zur Integration sozialer Medien, Personalisierung und Privacy weitere nutzerspezifische Aspekte ubiquitärer Systeme vorgestellt.:Vorwort und Einleitung (Jun.-Prof. Dr. Thomas Schlegel) 3 Management Summary: Inhalt dieses Bands 5 1. Interaktion in ubiquitären Systemen: Methoden, Geräte, Schüsseltechnologien 9 Neue Interaktionsmethoden und –geräte (Martin Schrader, WS 10/11) Augmented Reality – Interaktion und Darstellung mit realen Objekten (Florian Weidner, WS 12/13) Ubiquitäre Lernumgebungen (Patrick Rütz, SS 12) Multimodale Interaktion in ubiquitären Systemen (Fabian Prager, SS 12) Möglichkeiten der Mehrgeräte-Interaktion (Peter Heisig, SS 13) Objekterkennung in ubiquitären Systemen (Ellen Wieland, SS 12) 2. Kontextbasierte ubiquitäre Systeme 64 Interaktionskontext in ubiquitären Systemen (Anton Augsburg, SS 12) Erklärungskomponenten für kontextsensitive Umgebungen (Dániel Sulyok, WS 12/13) Kontextadaptive Semantische Suche (Marco Strietzel, WS 13/14) 3. Entwicklung und Evaluation interaktiver ubiquitärer Systeme 90 Softwareentwicklungsprozesse für ubiquitäre Systeme (Axel Pötzsch, WS 10/11) User Interface Description Languages für ubiquitäre Systeme (Johannes Kestel, WS 10/11) Evaluationstechniken für ubiquitäre User Interfaces (Tom Horak, WS 13/14) Evaluation von Benutzerinteraktion im Ambient Assisted Living (Eva Morawitz, WS 13/14) 4. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) 132 Complex Event Processing für Cyberphysikalische Systeme (Nico Schertler, WS 12/13) Techniken zum verteilten Monitoring von ubiquitären Systemen (Robin Wieruch, SS 13) 5. Cyber-Physical Systems am Beispiel Smart Home/AAL 153 Modelle zur Auswertung von Situationen im Ambient Assisted Living (Katja Lebus, SS 12) Vorstellung von Aktivitäts-Klassifikatoren im Ambient Assisted Living (Nicole Filz, WS 13/14) Erkennung des aktuellen Raumes durch Auswertung bereits vorhandener Informationen (Kevin Seppelt, WS 12/13) 6. Der Nutzer in ubiquitären und sozialen Systemen 180 Integration sozialer Netzwerke und Services in den öffentlichen Personennahverkehr (Maximilian Hartig, SS 13) Repräsentation eines Nutzers in verteilten ubiquitären Systemen (Shirin Mosadegh, SS 12) Privacy in ubiquitären Assistenzsystemen (Jonas Schulz, WS 12/13) / This collection of selected term papers on current issues of software engineering of ubiquitous systems provides a detailed overview of the key aspects of this exciting research field. The first part is dedicated to the diverse interaction technologies and the new possibilities for users to interact with ubiquitous systems. Among others, this includes multimodal interaction, augmented reality, RFID and ubiquitous learning environments. The main focus of the subsequent two sections is on context awareness, adaptive systems and intelligent environments as well as the resulting challenges for existing software development models and the methods to evaluate interactive ubiquitous systems. A further main emphasis is on the technologies and processes in Cyber-Physical Systems, which are examined in various papers on the subject of smart homes and Ambient Assisted Living. The closing contributions address other user-specific aspects of ubiquitous systems like social media integration, personalization of software systems and privacy aspects.:Vorwort und Einleitung (Jun.-Prof. Dr. Thomas Schlegel) 3 Management Summary: Inhalt dieses Bands 5 1. Interaktion in ubiquitären Systemen: Methoden, Geräte, Schüsseltechnologien 9 Neue Interaktionsmethoden und –geräte (Martin Schrader, WS 10/11) Augmented Reality – Interaktion und Darstellung mit realen Objekten (Florian Weidner, WS 12/13) Ubiquitäre Lernumgebungen (Patrick Rütz, SS 12) Multimodale Interaktion in ubiquitären Systemen (Fabian Prager, SS 12) Möglichkeiten der Mehrgeräte-Interaktion (Peter Heisig, SS 13) Objekterkennung in ubiquitären Systemen (Ellen Wieland, SS 12) 2. Kontextbasierte ubiquitäre Systeme 64 Interaktionskontext in ubiquitären Systemen (Anton Augsburg, SS 12) Erklärungskomponenten für kontextsensitive Umgebungen (Dániel Sulyok, WS 12/13) Kontextadaptive Semantische Suche (Marco Strietzel, WS 13/14) 3. Entwicklung und Evaluation interaktiver ubiquitärer Systeme 90 Softwareentwicklungsprozesse für ubiquitäre Systeme (Axel Pötzsch, WS 10/11) User Interface Description Languages für ubiquitäre Systeme (Johannes Kestel, WS 10/11) Evaluationstechniken für ubiquitäre User Interfaces (Tom Horak, WS 13/14) Evaluation von Benutzerinteraktion im Ambient Assisted Living (Eva Morawitz, WS 13/14) 4. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) 132 Complex Event Processing für Cyberphysikalische Systeme (Nico Schertler, WS 12/13) Techniken zum verteilten Monitoring von ubiquitären Systemen (Robin Wieruch, SS 13) 5. Cyber-Physical Systems am Beispiel Smart Home/AAL 153 Modelle zur Auswertung von Situationen im Ambient Assisted Living (Katja Lebus, SS 12) Vorstellung von Aktivitäts-Klassifikatoren im Ambient Assisted Living (Nicole Filz, WS 13/14) Erkennung des aktuellen Raumes durch Auswertung bereits vorhandener Informationen (Kevin Seppelt, WS 12/13) 6. Der Nutzer in ubiquitären und sozialen Systemen 180 Integration sozialer Netzwerke und Services in den öffentlichen Personennahverkehr (Maximilian Hartig, SS 13) Repräsentation eines Nutzers in verteilten ubiquitären Systemen (Shirin Mosadegh, SS 12) Privacy in ubiquitären Assistenzsystemen (Jonas Schulz, WS 12/13)

Der Artikel fasst kurz zusammen, wie die Nachlässe von Wissenschaftlern in den tschechischen Archiven behandelt werden. Wir versuchen, die Fragen der Bewertung zu skizzieren. Dabei nutzen wir vor allem die Erfahrungen aus der Übernahme und Bearbeitung von Nachlässen im Institut für die Geschichte und Archiv der Karlsuniversität, wo mehr als 100 Nachlässe aufbewahrt ist. / The article summarizes briefly, how the personal papers of scholars and scientists are treated in Czech archives, expecially in the question of selection of documents. The authors tried to use their experiences from the practice in the Institute of History and Archives of Charles, whose archivists take care about personal papers of more than 100 scholars and scientists.

This essay examines the possibility to use the Federalist Papers as authentic classroom material for English 7 within Sweden’s upper secondary school. To do this, three close readings have been done of the first, tenth and fifty-first essay amongst the Federalist Papers. Although the material is quite advanced, this essay found that these essays should be considered when choosing material for English 7 as they are challenging but have a lot of opportunity for learning, especially regarding rhetoric. Like most material in a classroom, one must compare the possible material’s compatibility with the class being taught. However, the Federalist Papers fulfills many of the requirements for course content within the Swedish curriculum for upper secondary school as well as the course plan for specifically English 7. This is because the material regards existential questions and is both historical and political which makes it aligned with the course plan. Likewise, many of the issues covered in these essays regard questions on democratization and human nature in relation to government, which makes the Federalist Papers a good candidate for school material.  The main points of interest for the learners when it comes to English skills to be gained from working with the Federalist Papers are the rhetorical devices,particularly ethos and pathos, that can be observed within the essays. Learners would understand how analogies and metaphors can be used to make an audience feel in a certain way, resulting in a more efficient use of language, while also learning how certain words can indicate an adversarial stance towards opposing ideas.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Introduced in 2010, the Dispensation Zimbabwe Program (DZP) regularised undocumented Zimbabwean immigrants in South Africa. When DZP was closed, the Zimbabwe Special Permit was introduced, which was also replaced by the Zimbabwe Exemption Permit. This thesis examines the lived experiences of Zimbabwean migrants from the time they arrived in South Africa without papers, visas, or permits. It then examines the processes of acquiring DZP papers, processes of replacing it, and how conditions on the permits reinforce a particular notion of belonging for Zimbabwean immigrants. I draw on work inspired by the anthropologist Victor Turner’s (1967) concept of liminality to show that Zimbabwean migrants had been going through various phases of uncertain legal statuses which are all liminal. Through accounts of lived experiences and biographical narratives of migrants who see themselves as ‘entrepreneurs’ in Cape Town, I consider how migrant’s experience the structural effects of documentation and having or not having ‘papers’. It starts with a state of “illegality” because of being an undocumented migrant in South Africa. It proceeds to “amnesty” from deportation following the announcement of DZP. It then proceeds to the filling of application forms for legalisation at Home Affairs. The DZP permits make them “liminal citizens” in that they got political citizenship by virtue of being documented, but at the same time, the migrants do not enjoy full citizenship status economically. There is also “legal suspension” as in the period between applications for replacement of the permit with another for example from Zimbabwe Special Permit (ZSP) to Zimbabwe Exemption Permit (ZEP). The imposition of conditions in permits that it will not be renewed or extended throws them into a condition of “temporary conditional legality”. As a result, the liminality experienced is both existential and juridical. Juridical liminality results from uncertain legal status whether the migrant is documented or not. Juridical liminality is inherent in law and immigration policy. Existential liminality is because the uncertain legal status permeates all aspects of Zimbabwean immigrants’ lives and delimits their range of action in different spheres. This includes jobs, transnational capabilities, business, family, housing, and schooling for their children. Most studies on migration do not extend their arguments beyond that permits matter as they see them as giving immediate access to social and economic rights. In this thesis, I do not only examine how a condition of being an undocumented immigrant shapes aspects of immigrants’ lives but I further examine the experiences of living with temporary visas and their impact on their lives and family. Whereas in a rite of passage, the liminal stage is temporary, Zimbabweans in South Africa are living in chronic liminality. In all phases of liminal legality, the thesis demonstrates state power through documents/visas in shaping migrant lives deepening our understanding of immigrant incorporation, exclusion, citizenship and belonging.

Rapporteringen om kriget i Ukraina har varit omfattande, både under 2014 och under 2022. Medierapportering och hur media gestaltar informationen kan forma läsarnas uppfattning om olika aktörer och händelser, vilket kan påverka politiken och opinionen i landet. Med utgångspunkt i detta använder denna undersökning gestaltningsteori för att granska rapporteringen av Ukrainakriget i de svenskatidningarna Aftonbladet och Dagens Nyheter. Målet med undersökningen är att skapaen bild av hur tidningsrapporteringen om kriget i Ukraina har sett ut över tid. För att möjliggöra detta syftar undersökningen till att besvara följande frågor. Hur har Ukrainakriget gestaltats av svenska tidningar under 2022 och hur ser gestaltningen utjämfört med 2014? Går det att identifiera tendenser för eller emot olika aktörer i nyhetsrapporteringen 2022 och skiljer sig dessa i så fall från 2014? Hur skiljer sig tidningsrapporteringen om Ukrainakriget över tid, baserat på jämförelser med tidigare forskning? Undersökningen har genomförts genom att analysera materialet genom kvalitativ textanalys där resultaten av undersökningen presenteras i löpande textform, samt med kvantitativa inslag i form av tabeller. Undersökningen går igenom innehållet i 241 artiklar som publicerats i Aftonbladet och Dagens Nyheter mellan februari 2022 och juli 2022, samt två undersökningar som analyserat mediagestaltningen under 2014. Resultatet av undersökningen visar en kontinuitet i gestaltningen eftersom majoriteten av artiklarna som publicerats under bådatidsperioder huvudsakligen fokuserar på den pågående konflikten mellan Ryssland och väst i form av internationell politik eller inrikespolitik, istället för själva kriget i Ukraina. Förändringar i gestaltningen förekommer dock under 2022 genom att nya ämnen som migration, ekonomi och energikris diskuteras i relation till Ukrainakriget. Undersökningen visar även att gestaltningen av konflikten under 2022 huvudsakligen är proukrainsk med enstaka ryssvänliga tendenser, vilket liknar det resultat som dentidigare forskningen presenterat från 2014. / The war in Ukraine had a large media presence during both 2014 and 2022. The way media frames information about the conflict can lead to the reader of said media to be influenced into viewing actors and events in a certain way, which can have an effect on public opinion and political decision making. Because of this framing theory is used as the theoretical basis to analyze the Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter. The goal of this analysis is to form an understanding about how the media has framed the Ukraine war over time. To reach this goal the analysis attempts to answer the following questions: How Swedish newspapers have framed the Ukraine war during 2022 and 2014? Is the framing in these papers biased towards any actors in 2022 and how does this compare to 2014? How does the framing of the conflict in 2022 differ from previous studies of the events from 2014? The analysis has been conducted using qualitative text analysis, and the result of this is presented both using text and by using a quantitative method through charts. The analysis focuses on 241 different newspaper articles published between February 2022 and July 2022 and two studies focusing on the Swedish news framing during 2014. The result of the analysis shows continuity in the framing as both focused heavily on the Russia vs west struggle that is playing out on the international and domestic political stage, instead of the war itself. There were some changes however, as 2022 introduced new subjects such as migration, economy and energy crisis to the framing of the war in Ukraine. The analysis also shows that the framing of the media in 2022 is heavily biased towards Ukraine with only a small amount of pro russian tendencies, which is a similar result to what was presented by previous studies covering the conflict during 2014.