Zugl.: Giessen, Univ., Diss., 2008

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2018-11-22T16:21:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Francioli_Bagatin_2018.pdf: 1289252 bytes, checksum: ed1cdbc7d6aedbc85c9897f72481191a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-22T16:21:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francioli_Bagatin_2018.pdf: 1289252 bytes, checksum: ed1cdbc7d6aedbc85c9897f72481191a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The mainstream of Political Science is composed of a homogeneous group of men, European, white and heterosexual, raised to the category of "classics" of this field as if they were the only human beings who were interested in think about politics. Are there women whose political thinking might be considered relevant to Political Science? Emma Goldman, a militant and anarchist, published several texts about politics, developing a thought in which she reflected on the relations between individual, state and society. Did she produces consistent political thinking about such issues and deserve to stand alongside of the "classics" of political science? To answer this question, we apply the "social contextualism" method - developed by Neal Wood and Ellen Meiksins Wood - for two main reasons. First, because it makes it possible to show that all political thinkers were also partisans in the social conflict of the period in which they lived and wrote – the fact that Emma Goldman is openly anarchist and feminist does not invalidate her chances of being considered a "thinker" of politics. Second, it allows us to understand how the ideas of an author are organically linked to the social context in which he lived and wrote - in the case of the "classics" of political science, this shows that they were also "partisans" engaged in the political conflict of its time, but that does not invalidate its importance for the understanding about "politics". In Emma Goldman's case it is a question of "inserting" her writings in the social context in which they were produced to analyze the extent that her reflections on politics - which are "marked" by her experiences - could constitute a political thought that is able to do a rational reflection and consistent approach to "politics". Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and discuss "if" besides being clearly "partisan" - anarchist and feminist - she was also a political thinker. With this aim, we show how she reflected about concepts considered relevant to Political Science - State, Power, Politics and Government - and also how she showed that other themes - love, marriage, maternity, abortion and homosexuality, among others - are also "political", because they are bound to the way that social relations are organized and normalized, in other word, how ways of living and loving, that are part of social and political "conflict", become object of political institutionalization by the State. / O cânone da Ciência Política é composto por um grupo homogêneo de homens, europeus, brancos e heterossexuais, alçados à categoria de “clássicos” desta disciplina como se fossem os únicos seres humanos que se interessaram pela reflexão acerca da política. Será que existem mulheres cujo pensamento político poderia ser considerado relevante para a Ciência Política? Emma Goldman, militante e anarquista, publicou diversos textos sobre política, desenvolvendo um pensamento no qual refletiu sobre as relações entre indivíduo, Estado e sociedade. Será que ela produziu um pensamento político consistente acerca de tais questões e mereceria figurar ao lado dos “clássicos” da política? Para responder essa questão, aplicamos o método do “contextualismo social” – desenvolvido pela parceria de Neal Wood e Ellen Meiksins Wood – por dois motivos principais. Primeiro, porque possibilita mostrar que todos os pensadores e teóricos da política eram, também, partidários no conflito social do período em que viveram e escreveram – logo, o fato de Emma Goldman ser abertamente anarquista e feminista não invalida suas chances de ser considerada uma “pensadora” da política. Segundo, porque permite compreender como as ideias de um autor ou autora estão organicamente ligadas ao contexto social em que viveu e escreveu – no caso dos “clássicos” da política, isso mostra que eram também “partidários” engajados no conflito político de seu tempo, mas que isso não invalida sua importância para a compreensão da “política”. No caso de Emma Goldman trata-se de “inserir” suas obras no contexto social em que foram produzidas para analisar em que medida suas reflexões sobre a política – que estão “marcadas” por suas experiências – poderiam constituir um pensamento político que inclui uma reflexão racional e consistente sobre a “política”. Portanto, cabe analisar e discutir “se” além de claramente “partidária” – anarquista e feminista – ela era também foi uma pensadora política. Com esse objetivo, mostramos como ela refletiu sobre conceitos considerados relevantes para a Ciência Política – Estado, Poder, Política e Governo – e também como mostrou que outros temas – amor, casamento, maternidade, aborto e homossexualidade, entre outros – são também “políticos”, pois estão vinculados ao modo como as relações sociais são organizadas e normatizadas, ou seja, como modos de viver e amar que são fruto de “conflito” social e político tornam-se alvo de institucionalização política pelo Estado.

Studien Manusbunden VS Manusfri är en kvalitativ retorikanalys av Emma Watsons actio (kroppsspråk). I studien analyseras två av Watsons tal, ett manusfritt och ett manusbundet. Syftet är att jämföra utvalda modaliteter ur Watsons actio i de båda talen för att upptäcka skillnaden i actio och vad det har för inverkan på Watsons ethos (karaktär). Den huvudsakliga frågeställningen På vilket sätt påverkar skillnaderna i actio talarens ethos? har besvarats genom att analysera modaliteterna ögonkontakt, gester och rösten genom närläsning av de båda filmklippen. Resultatet av studien visar att det är Watsons ögonkontakt med publiken som skiljer hennes actio mellan de båda talen. Därför upplevs Watson visa mindre välvilja till publiken i hennes manusbundna tal, vilket resulterar i att Watsons ethos sänks i hennes manusbundna tal, men höjs i hennes manusfria tal.

The development of charged particle accelerators is today reaching far beyond the realm of fundamental particle physics research. Many non-trivial social and political problems may find part of their solution lies in accelerator physics. For example, with fossil fuels becoming ever more controversial and expensive to obtain, the use of Accelerator Driven Sub-critical Reactors (ADSR) powered by rapid cycling, high current proton accelerators and thorium fuel could become part of the energy solution. Through the simplicity of the Bragg peak, cancer therapy could be enhanced through the use of high repetition rate, variable energy proton accelerators small enough to use in treatment centres. The growing problem of long lived nuclear waste storage could become a moot point through the use of high current, high power proton accelerators coupled with neutron spallation. These rapidly growing areas of study are fuelled by the development of the Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) accelerator, and more recently the non-scaling FFAG. The FFAG has the ability to accelerate high current, low quality bunches of particles in very short time scales due to the fixed-field nature of its magnets. This rapid acceleration can be of the order 500 nanoseconds to 1 microsecond meaning a fast cycling rate of the machine is possible. This allows the realistic development of the ADSR, proton therapy machine and even the muon accelerator. The Electron Model with Many Applications (EMMA) accelerator is the world's first linear non-scaling FFAG and is an electron proof-of-principle accelerator based at Daresbury Laboratory, UK. EMMA can accelerate over its energy range of 10 - 20 MeV in approximately 5 - 10 machine revolutions (~275 - 500 nanoseconds) using fixed-frequency novel acceleration techniques. The accelerator contains fixed-field, constant gradient quadrupole magnets which provide all the bending and focussing to the particles. Due to the linear non-scaling nature of EMMA, many transverse integer tune values are crossed which typically cause resonant effects resulting in bunch degradation and loss. It was proposed and demonstrated that rapid crossing (in 5 - 10 turns) of integer tune values in EMMA did not result in transverse amplitude growth and particle loss. If the wider societal goals of the non-scaling FFAG are to be realised, protons and other heavy ions must be accelerated. Current technological limitations dictate that longer acceleration times of the order 1000's of turns would be necessary in proton machines of similar design to EMMA. Hence slower integer tune crossing was studied using acceleration in a synchrotron bucket in EMMA. It was found experimentally that below the nominal EMMA operating acceleration rate of 2.0 MV per turn, instabilities begin to manifest. This was indicated in the growth of closed orbit distortion (COD) and through simulation it was found that betatron amplitude growth coupled with COD resulted in eventual loss of particles to the physical aperture when crossing integer tunes. Through simulation, the amplitude growth of particles crossing integer tunes in the EMMA non-scaling FFAG was found to agree with a theory of resonance crossing proposed by R. Baartman. This theory shows that amplitude growth is proportional to $1/\sqrt(Q')$ where $Q'$ is the tune crossing rate of the particles. This means that the slower the acceleration, the slower an integer tune is crossed and hence more amplitude is gained. It was also shown that strength of the magnetic errors driving the resonant conditions was proportional to the amplitude growth.

No description available.

In this thesis, I examined the lives of my great-grandparents, Oscar and Emma Swett. Oscar began a homestead in the Uinta Mountains in 1909, which he successfully ran for nearly sixty years. My grandmother was born on the ranch, and my own father spent much of his time there. I look at how land policy changed from encouraging ranching and farming in the early 1900's to tourism and recreation in the 1960's, with the coming of the Flaming Gorge Dam. The lives of my great-grandparents and their children were shaped by these changes and they felt the consequences of the shifting values of the Forest Service and government. I used many primary documents in my research, from interviews given by the Swett children to photographs and documents. I also drew from literature and research by other western authors, such as Wallace Stegner, Mary Clearman Blew, and Steve Trimble. I connected my personal and family stories and memories with the larger framework of land policy in the West and the culture of ranching families similar to my own family. This enabled me to show how land policy affected many individuals and families on a personal level, looking through the prism of my own family and experiences.

Uppsatsen behandlar Emma Ekwalls och Anna Nordgrens konstnärskap. Med genusperspektiv som teoretisk grund undersöker Två kvinnors konstnärskap – Ett nedslag och analys av Emma Ekwalls och Anna Nordgrens konstnärskap hur det såg ut för kvinnor och kvinnliga konstnärer i Sverige under 1800-talet. Då många kvinnor har blivit bortglömda eller dolda bakom sina manliga kolleger har Emma Ekwall och Anna Nordgren lyfts fram som verksamma konstnärer under 1800-talet. Analysen som genomförs av fyra olika verk belyser respektive konstnärskap och synliggör underliggande strukturer som har påverkat konstnärerna både motiviskt och hur motiven framställs. Genom att Emma Ekwall främst skildrade barn, rörde hon sig inom typiskt kvinnliga genremotiv, samtidigt som faktumet att hon var kvinna låste henne på ett sätt som skiljer som från männen under samma årtal. Här visas att även Anna Nordgren rörde sig till viss del inom vad som ansågs typiskt kvinnliga motiv, men hade däremot en bredare repertoar. Anna Nordgren var mer mobil och utvecklade såldes sitt konstnärskap mer tekniskt, men syntes även mer på konstscenen utomlands. I båda konstnärernas verk har kvinnor och flickor skildrats annorlunda från vad pojkar har gjorts. Detta visar på skillnaden mellan synen på män och kvinnor, samt hur århundradets sociala och politiska underliggande strukturer hade en väsentlig del i det hela.

Jane Austen, seen by some as the mother of all chick-lit, is synonymous with tales of love and marriage. Generally, scholars have classified the types of marriages Austen writes about as either companionate (a marriage based on love) or pedagogic (a marriage based on an older man training a younger woman to be his ideal wife). In comparing the companionate and pedagogic marriage models in Austen's Sense and Sensibility and Emma, however, one finds that these traditional definitions and classifications of the companionate and pedagogic marriages prove to be complicated. The companionate marriage is not only a marriage based on love, but also takes into account rank, wealth, social status, religious values, and moral character. The pedagogic marriage, on the other hand, includes not only a marriage where an older man takes a younger woman and “trains” her to be the perfect wife for him, but also when a woman admires a man's values and approach to the social world and changes her behavior to reflect those attitudes. Elinor Dashwood and Edward Ferrars from Sense and Sensibility and Frank Churchill and Jane Fairfax from Emma are classified by scholars under the companionate marriage model. However, neither of these couples fits into the companionate model due to Elinor and Jane's lack of fortunes and Edward and Frank's lack of good character. Marianne Dashwood and Colonel Brandon from Sense and Sensibility and Emma Woodhouse and Mr. Knightley from Emma are classified by scholars under the pedagogic marriage model. Marianne and Brandon would fall under the category of the woman changing her behavior to reflect the behaviors of a superior man, while Emma and Knightley would fall under the category of an older man training the younger woman to be his wife. Marianne does undergo a transformation, but it is not a result of Brandon's values or influence. She changes based on self-reflection and then turns to Brandon and falls in love with him. Emma and Knightley, on the other hand, do start out with a mentor-pupil relationship. However, as the novel progresses, so does their relationship. By the end of the novel, Emma and Knightley equally teach each other and discover a relationship based on mutual respect and love. Therefore, none of the relationships fall neatly into their assigned categories; each relationship is more nuanced and full of complexities that can't easily be classified. By more clearly understanding the complexities involved in each relationship, readers can gain an even greater appreciation for Austen, thus helping them to value Austen as more than an author of chick lit.

An endmember mixing analysis (EMMA) is a hydrograph separation technique used to identify and quantify stream source contributions, but the error within the results of the analysis itself can be difficult to quantify. Employing EMMA to accurately quantify these contributions is particularly important for critical watersheds that supply water to large populations, such as montane watersheds. We applied EMMA to the Provo River, a nested catchment with three monitoring locations in northern Utah, to understand the limitations and potential improvements that could be made to EMMA. Four main endmembers (quartzite groundwater, soil water, snow and carbonate groundwater) were identified for the watershed and differentiated using the conservative tracers δ18O, δ2H, Si, HCO3-, Mg2+, K+, and Ca2+. In a traditional EMMA approach, a principal components analysis (PCA) is used to identify endmembers for a single location in a watershed, and the principal component (PC) scores are used to calculate the fractional contributions of each endmember. However, we found that calculating the fractional contributions of the endmembers in tracer space resulted in less error in the calculations compared to performing the calculation in PC defined space (U-space). Performing the mixing in tracer space with four endmembers showed that during spring runoff, snow was the main endmember with inputs ranging from 23 – 66% for the highest part of the watershed and 14 – 60% for the lowest part of the watershed. During baseflow, the stream was dominated by groundwater with contributions ranging from 23 – 60% quartzite groundwater for the upper part of the watershed and 30 – 57% carbonate groundwater for the lower part of the watershed. The amount of error present in the results depended on the scale of the catchment and the number of endmembers included, with more error in downstream locations relative to upstream locations. The nested catchment approach is a further improvement on traditional EMMA because it allows for identification of missing endmembers and error analysis for characterizing stream chemistry in several locations in a complex watershed.

No description available.